Why Belikov was a teacher of the Greek language. Composition "Belikov

When I try to imagine Belikov, I see a little man locked in a cramped little black box. A man in a case... What a seemingly strange expression, but how accurately it reflects the human essence.

And the most interesting thing is that this little man is not trying to escape from the walls surrounding him, he feels good, comfortable, calm there, he is fenced off from the whole world, scary world, forcing people to suffer, suffer, putting them before difficult problems, for the solution of which it is necessary to have a certain determination, prudence.

Chekhov draws a man who does not need this world, he has his own, which seems better to him. There everything is dressed in a cover, covered with it both inside and outside. Let us recall how Belikov looked: even “in very good weather” he “walked in galoshes and with an umbrella, and certainly in a warm coat with wadding.” Both his umbrella and his watch were in a case, even “... his face, it seemed, was also in a case, since he always hid it in his upturned collar.” Belikov always wore "dark glasses, a jersey, stuffed his ears with cotton, and when he got into a cab, he ordered to raise the top." That is, the desire to go into the case made itself felt always and everywhere.

He “always praised the past and that which never happened”, but the present caused him true disgust. What about his thinking? It is also all clogged, sewn up. He even hid his thought in a case. "For him, only circulars and newspaper articles were clear, in which something was forbidden." Why? Yes, because in the prohibition everything is clear, definite, understandable. Everything is in a case, nothing is impossible! This is what it is ideal life in the understanding of Belikov.

It would seem that you live in your case - please, live on. But Belikov was not like that. Your chains, chains of rules, unquestioning obedience, true love to the authorities he imposes on everyone around him.

He oppresses everyone with incredible caution, case-like considerations, puts pressure on people, as if enveloping them with his dark case. Belikov is against everything new, bright, he is constantly afraid, no matter how something happens, no matter how it reaches the authorities! The case "covers" his brain, suppressing positive emotions in the bud. This "black case" does not withstand bright light, therefore, down with everything, even the most innocent, but not put on by the circular of entertainment.

Belikov realizes, working in a team, that it would be necessary to maintain relations with colleagues, and therefore tries to show friendliness, to be a good comrade. This, of course, is wonderful, but how do these feelings find expression? He comes to visit someone, quietly sits in a corner and is silent, thereby, as he thinks, fulfilling the duty of a real comrade.

Naturally, no one loves this timid “gray mouse”, and no one expects love from him either. But even in such a person, some feelings wake up, albeit very weak ones, one might say, “still in the bud”, but they are there.

And these feelings arise in relation to Varvara Savvishna Kovalenko, the sister of the new teacher of history and geography. But here, too, Belikov “hides his head in the sand” – everything must be thought over, checked. “I like Varvara Savvishna ... and I know that every person needs to get married, but ... all this, you know, happened somehow suddenly ... We need to think about it.”

Even a wedding at Belikov’s should be strictly “regulated”, otherwise you’ll get married, and then, what good, you will get into some kind of story. It is very difficult for Belikov to make a responsible decision. He needs to prepare for a long time, get ready, and then, you see, the problem will be solved by itself, everything will be quiet and calm again.

In addition, Belikov is very touchy, vulnerable. Maybe that's why he's so careful? Let us recall how the caricature affects him, what he experiences when Varya sees him falling down the stairs. These shocks break through the case, and for Belikov this is tantamount to death in the truest sense of the word.

When Belikov dies, it seems that it was for this moment that he lived. “Now, when he was lying in a coffin, his expression was meek, pleasant, even cheerful, as if he was glad that, at last, they put him in a case from which he would never leave.”

Yes, Belikov will not come out; but how many more of these little men are left in the case, how many more there will be!

Perhaps there will be many more.

But let's try to think about what awaits a person leading a cased lifestyle in old age. After all, probably at the end life path need to feel that

You lived in vain in this world, you need someone who would take care of you, give you, so to speak, “water to drink”.

And if a person lived in a case, a case “without windows, without doors”, what awaits him? Loneliness, I think, and the unwillingness of others to take any part in his fate. And loneliness is scary, even for those who are covered from head to toe.

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BELIKOV'S FLIGHT FROM LIFE (analysis of A.P. Chekhov's story "The Man in the Case")

I want to describe the main character, Belikov, in Anton Pavlovich Chekhov's story "The Man in the Case". Belikov occupies the main place in the story, since it is about his life, appearance, and how others treat him.
The most ordinary teacher Greek in the gymnasium, not married, lives in a small room. His room is as small as a bear's den, a table and a canopy bed. He also has a cook named Athanasius, about sixty years old. Going to bed, Belikov always covered himself with his head, was afraid of extraneous noises, heard the ominous sighs of Athanasius ... He constantly thought that the cook could suddenly kill him for no reason at all ... Every night, because of these thoughts, he could not calmly sleep. And in the morning, when I had to go to the gymnasium, I was bored and pale. This is what it means to live a "case life"! Belikov looked very gloomy and monotonous: "he wore dark glasses, sweatshirts, stuffed his ears with cotton wool, and when he got into a cab, he ordered to raise the top. In a word, this man had a constant and irresistible desire to surround himself with a shell, create for himself, so to speak, a case reality irritated him, frightened him, kept him in constant anxiety, and, perhaps, in order to justify his timidity, his aversion to the present, he always praised the past, and that, which never happened; and the ancient languages that he taught were, in essence, the same galoshes and umbrella for him, where he hid from real life. "
By these signs, one can understand that Belikov is an uncommunicative, suspicious, modest person.
- Oh, how sonorous, how beautiful the Greek language! he said with a sweet expression; and, as if to prove his words, screwing up his eyes and raising his finger, he said:
- Anthropos!
But Belikov's favorite phrase was: "No matter what happens!". And also, entering the gymnasium, he constantly repeated to his colleagues: "They make a lot of noise in our classes."
Because of his character, Belikov kept the entire gymnasium in fear, but what is there a gymnasium, the whole city !!! Imagine, because of him, the students could not go out after nine, it was forbidden to write in articles about carnal love. People stopped getting to know each other, sending letters... That's how much he influenced the reality around him.
He was madly in love with his taught language. I gave it my whole life! Once, when his future bride Varenka sang Little Russian romances, he sat down next to her and said, admiring:
- The Little Russian language with its tenderness and pleasant sonority resembles ancient Greek.
As mentioned before, he kept the whole city in fear. But not only the students were afraid of him, but also the teachers, and even the principal! The ladies did not put on performances on Saturdays, they were afraid, what if he finds out! They were afraid to eat or play cards in his presence. Because of people like Belikov, over the past ten to fifteen years, the city has become like a dead village - no one went out into the street, did not talk, did not read books, did not help the poor, did not teach literacy ... Everyone knew that when they saw this, Belikov will definitely say: “All this is good, but no matter how it happened!” These words of his made everyone very upset. And when he died, everyone breathed a sigh of relief!
With this story, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov wanted to show that people like Belikov should not be. What is the joy of the fact that everyone is afraid of you, you are not friends with anyone, you do not talk? And when you go to the next world, then no one pities you, no one misses you, but only everyone rejoices and rejoices!
So get to know each other more often, communicate, and it will be easier on your soul.

Who are they case people? They surround us everywhere, but few people realize that they can be characterized by such an interesting term. Because not everyone has read the famous story of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, which was called “The Man in the Case”. It was this Russian prose writer-dramatist who for the first time in history proposed such a type of personality. However, about everything - in order.

visual image

Anyone who is familiar with knows how rich the world of his works is on human types. Who just does not meet in his stories! And conscientious individuals, not satisfied public laws and themselves, and narrow-minded inhabitants, and noble dreamers, and opportunistic officials. And images of "case" people are also found. In particular - in the story mentioned above.

In the center of the plot of "The Man in the Case" is a gymnasium teacher named Belikov. Teaching Greek - has long ceased to be anyone needed. He is very strange. Even if it's sunny outside, he puts on galoshes, a warm wadded coat with a high collar and takes an umbrella. Obligatory "accessory" - dark glasses. He always stuffs his ears with cotton. He rides in a cab, with the top always up. And Belikov also keeps everything in cases - an umbrella, a watch, and even a penknife.

But this is just an image. It would seem that the description only says that the person is neat and prudent, maybe a little more pedantic. But it is not for nothing that they say that in the external manifestation internal state person. And indeed it is.

Personal characteristic

Examples of "case" people encountered in life are reflected in Belikov. He is a mixture of sociopath, paranoid and introvert. He is afraid of all living things. His is: "No matter what happens." He treats everything that surrounds him with caution and fear. Belikov is not able to think freely, since each of his ideas is in a "case".

And okay, if that's how he was in society. But even at home, he behaves similarly! He dresses in a long dressing gown and a cap, closes the shutters on the windows tightly, snapping the latches. His bed has a canopy, and when Belikov lies down in it, he covers himself with a blanket with his head.

Naturally, he observes all the posts, and does not get female servants - fearing that others will suspect him of having a relationship with them. Belikov is a real hermit. Which, in the truest sense of the word, is afraid to live.

Effects

Naturally, such a lifestyle that Belikov leads cannot fail to affect anything. Who are the case people? These are real hermits who believe that they live quite normally for themselves, unlike the rest. This is also manifested in Chekhov's hero.

At one point, he meets Varenka, a girl who is the sister of a new teacher of geography and history. She shows an unexpected interest in Belikov. Which society begins to persuade to marry her. He agrees, despite the fact that the thought of marriage oppresses and disturbs him. Belikov is losing weight, turning pale, becoming even more nervous and fearful. And the first thing that worries him the most is the lifestyle of the “bride”.

Who are the case people? Those who do not understand others because of their detachment. Varenka loves to ride a bike with her brother. And Belikov is sure that this quite ordinary hobby is not normal! Because it is not good for someone who teaches history to young people to ride a bicycle. And the woman on it vehicle and it doesn't look right at all. Belikov did not hesitate to express his thoughts to Varenka's brother, who cannot stand it. And he threatened to report his passion to the director of the gymnasium. In response, Varenka's brother lowered Belikov down the stairs. What is the result? Belikov falls ill - from stress, he is not let go by the thought that someone will find out about his shame. And he dies a month later. Such is the end.

Main thought

Well, who are the case people - you can understand by the example of Belikov. And the idea, in principle, Chekhov wanted to convey a simple one. The prose writer tried to convey to readers that life “closed” from society only cripples human soul. You can't be outside the others. We are all members of a single society. Everything that a person has confused himself, set up - only fences him off from life. From reality filled with colors. And indeed it is. Spiritual wretchedness only limits human existence. What is Chekhov thinking about in this story.

Modernity

A person of the 21st century who has read Chekhov knows what kind of people are called case. And he is able to recognize them among the rest. Now they are called introverts. These are people whose mental make-up is characterized by a focus on contemplation, isolation and focus on one's own inner world. They are not inclined to communicate with other people - it is difficult for them to establish contact with anyone.

However, to understand the essence this term, it suffices to refer to the etymology. "Introvert" is a word derived from the German introvertiert. Which literally translates as "inward-facing".

The main character of Chekhov's story "The Man in the Case" is the teacher of the Greek language Belikov. Colleague Burkin is talking about him throughout the story.

Belikov appears in the story as a notorious person, full of incomprehensible prejudices. In any weather, he goes out in galoshes, in a coat and with an umbrella. All his items were in a case: a knife for sharpening a pencil, an umbrella and even a watch. This citizen walked around with his collar constantly raised, and from this it seemed that he, too, was hiding his face in a cover. Sitting on a cab, he always asked to raise the top. Belikov constantly had a desire to close himself, to place himself in a certain case and thereby protect himself from any external influences. The real reality instilled in him fear and horror of everything new. As if justifying his misunderstanding of the present, he always talked about the past. In combination with all his behavior, the teaching of ancient languages indicated a certain detachment from reality.

The main life slogan for Belikov is "no matter what happens." Any slightest deviation from the long-established rules can unbalance him. But despite his notoriety, according to Burkin, Belikov managed to keep the whole city in suspense.

Moving to the city soon new teacher stories Mikhail Kovalenko with his sister Varya. Colleagues of Belikov are trying in every possible way to bring him to her. However, he cannot decide on such a responsible step and is afraid of everything. And when he happened to see Kovalenko and his sister riding bicycles, Belikov generally fell into bewilderment. He couldn't imagine a teacher riding a bike.

What then is left for the children to do?

Just stand on your heads, he reasoned, trying to reason with Kovalenko.

On that day, Belikov’s conversation with Kovalenko was brought to a quarrel, and Belikov was lowered down the stairs, where Varya, who entered the entrance, saw him. The hero could not survive such a shame. He shuts himself off from the world in his room and dies when he falls ill.

Concluding the story, Burkin says that Belikov looked very cheerful in the coffin. Apparently, he was glad that he finally ended up in such a case in which no one would disturb him.

Option 2

In his stories, Chekhov sometimes draws strange images of people that are even hard to imagine. Nevertheless, such people do exist, although Belikov is in many ways a grotesque figure. We see some strange metamorphosis of the human personality, which turns into something strange and even terrible.

Belikov has been working for about 15 years as a teacher of Greek in a gymnasium and has weight in this gymnasium. Throughout a significant part of the story, no one can argue with Belikov, they obey him. Therefore, if this hero does not like something, then he can, for example, expel a schoolboy, although such decisions are clearly conditioned by his inertness and excessive conservatism.

Belikov - enclosed in a case. Through this image of the case, Chekhov represents his whole personality, he even describes the thoughts of the hero in the case, he has every object in the case, and besides this, he is figuratively all enclosed in a case. Thus, his closeness from the world and ossification is manifested, perhaps, in some way ignorance is manifested, which opposes everything new and some kind of change.

This hero is clearly afraid of some kind of updates, he is always afraid of any incidents, and such fears are manifested in all the details of his everyday life, from ordering cabbies to raise their tops, to wearing a thick coat even in warm weather. Belikov is a completely ridiculous character, but his beginning is also described as something negative and negative, he is not just ridiculous, but to a certain extent he is an opponent of this world, humanity, positive and progressive. Therefore, the death of Belikov becomes possible only after he is ridiculed, ridicule, as it were, destroys the established world of this hero, subjects him to a kind of censure that devalues the absurdity that this hero has always clung to with complete seriousness.

Also, in fact, we see how Belikova destroys love. Of course, we can consider the illness and sadness of the hero as an outcome after rudeness from Varenka's brother, but in fact his behavior is only part of the relationship with Varenka. In fact, Belikov does not even imagine how he would love this girl, he does not imagine his marriage, in fact, this case man is unsuitable for love, which is something more than his limited nature, therefore love, as it were, cleanses the world of Belikov himself.

Composition Belikov (Man in a case)

More than a decade separates the story of A.P. Chekhov, “The Man in the Case” from the initial humor, but one of the most famous creations the author is a prose writer, she has many contacts with the work of his writing youth. First, it is a combination of one particular social satire, that particular historical era With philosophical motive, with constantly known tasks and solutions. And the title of the story, and the pseudonym of its protagonist, were perceived at once as a vast abstraction.

Belikov, as a fashionable critic at that time told us, is one of the majority of people who, like Oblomov or Chichikov, expressed with their whole essence a huge social environment, or the direction of that time. “Case people”, “Belikovs” - these social indicators that flashed in the title, on the pages scandalous articles, passed into the way of life, became clear formulas for everyone. Six years earlier, Leskov said that, having analyzed another work of Chekhov: “Ward No. 6 is everywhere. This is Russia...” The feelings left in my soul between these stories were similar in many ways: “All Russia seemed to me in a case”, - once a reader wrote to Chekhov, who followed his work.

The image of Belikov goes from the biological, characteristic-psychological, to the social stratum, to the demonstration of the natural beginning of people in society. Yes, and this is not at all surprising: Chekhov is a doctor by profession, who owns a natural scientific view of everything that happens, convinced that a clear understanding of medicine and poetry never conflicted against each other.

A.P. Chekhov, as an artist-musician, often uses techniques from music to express his thoughts;

The problem that Chekhov touches on in this story will always remain urgent for most people. Without noticing for himself, any person can withdraw into himself or close himself into a "case" of his own delusions, ceasing to think, seek out and hesitate in his decisions. And this is the worst thing that leads to the regression of a person as a person, as an entity. A person does not notice absolutely nothing but his prejudices and fears, he cannot adequately think, invent, think out his ideas. A certain painful fear for their own existence constantly raged in the soul of Belikov, an outstanding character in Chekhov's story, "The Man in the Case", which was published in 1898.

Belikov is the same "man in a case", a senseless, miserable creature who thought of one day to instill fear in the whole city. Even the teachers were wary of him. Yes, teachers, absolutely the whole city, from small to great, shied away from him.

A man in a case... It seemed such a strange expression, but how exactly it personifies the human soul. The idea of this work lies in showing the society the essence of fear: “Under the influence of people like Belikov, over the past 10-15 years, everything has become fearful in our city. They were afraid to speak loudly, send letters, make acquaintances, read books, they are afraid to help the poor, to teach people to read and write. Yes, and everything that we set up for ourselves, invented, what we fenced ourselves off from the world with, all this needs to be destroyed, we need to step over all this, discover something new, interesting for ourselves, look at everything with an adequate look and not complicate our lives with what some imagined accidents.

This presentation combines a set of very interesting compositions which, in spite of everything, do not prevent our writer A.P. Chekhov from sending us an inseparable assessment of the perception of human existence, the assertion of his perfections and worldview.

In exposing the appearance of Belikov, we are helped by a compositional technique that Chekhov often uses in his works - a story within a story. In our case, these are hunters who decided to settle down to spend the night in the shed of the headman Prokofy, they told each other various incidents, stories, fables. One of the narrators was Burkin, he decided to keep up with everyone, to tell the story of one living in his city, a teacher of a foreign Greek language, Belikov, to his friend famous doctor- veterinarian, Ivan Ivanovich. What was this teacher famous for? But the fact that, despite the wonderful sunny, warm weather, he always entered from home in galoshes, with an umbrella in his hands and always in a warm wadded coat. But he had an umbrella in a case, a watch in a case made of gray suede fabric, and even, if necessary, taking out a penknife in order to sharpen a pencil, to all his surprise he kept the knife in the same case. The expression of his appearance to anyone he met, at first glance, it seemed that he, too, was dressed in a case, a face that was constantly hiding behind the turned up collar of a warm wadded coat. According to the narrator Burkin, Belikov walked all the time in black glasses, a sweatshirt, plugged his ears with cotton wool, and when he got into a cab, he ordered to raise the top, as if he was afraid of something. Was it a whim or some invented way of life of our hero, our narrator does not explain to us. But he notes that this hero there was an endless greedy desire to "surround himself with a shell, create for himself, so to speak, a case" in order to hide himself and protect himself with words, actions and all the dirt of the world around him.

The features that Chekhov designs become symbolic in Belikov's appearance. It is surprising that such an unattractive and narrow-minded person, with such a boring way of life, a person who does not sleep at night, he intimidated not only himself with all his thoughts, but he also managed to intimidate all those people who surrounded him with his whole appearance, and even the entire city. At first, it was amusing and quite harmless for Chekhov to describe the place where Belikov lived, because it looked like some kind of lair. Comparing the hero of the story with a hermit crab or a snail, which will not hurt anyone, and besides, they are always afraid of everything.

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To the question Why did Belikov die? given by the author Ilya Zhelnov the best answer is "The Man in the Case" The Greek teacher Belikov appears to the reader as a surprisingly unpleasant type. It is disgusting both in itself and in all its manifestations. It turns out that "this little man, who always walked around in galoshes and with an umbrella, held the entire gymnasium in his hands for fifteen whole years." Belikov is absolutely alien to respect for others, love, compassion. He lives in his closed little world among circulars and rules written by no one knows who. Belikov is completely unspiritual, despite the fact that, being a gymnasium teacher, he can be considered an educated person. The man in the case does not even spare himself. He puts many restrictions on his own life.
The author speaks of this as follows: “And at home the same story: a dressing gown, a cap, shutters, latches, a whole series of all sorts of prohibitions, restrictions, and - oh, no matter how it happens! Lenten food is harmful, it’s impossible to eat lean, because, perhaps, they will say that Belikov does not fulfill fasts, and he ate pike perch in cow butter - food is not lean, but it cannot be said that it’s fast.
Even such trifles draw a very colorful image of a man in a case. He is completely unnatural, from driving deep into himself all the natural manifestations of his soul. He is ruthless to others if their behavior does not comply with certain established rules and circulars. He is low, capable of meanness, and evokes neither pity nor sympathy.
The relationship between Belikov and Varenka is interesting. At first glance, it seems that in the soul of a person in a case, at least some human weaknesses and feelings. But it was not there. The episode when Belikov saw Varenka riding a bicycle showed the true nature of the man in the case. He is not able to forgive any inconsistency with the rules of everyone around, and Varenka is no exception. Naturally, Belikov is outraged that the girl rides a bicycle. Although if you think about it, there is absolutely nothing reprehensible in this. Every person is free to dispose own life and do what he sees fit, and even such a trifle as riding a bicycle does not deserve such close attention and serious resonance.
True, Belikov has a different opinion about this “incident”. He seeks to subordinate everything around to the established rules, and any discrepancy plunges him into shock. WHY DID BELIKOV DIE? He died of shock, because he had to face something out of the ordinary. Belikov was humiliated, trampled, and then also ridiculed. The death of Belikov caused deep relief among those around him. They felt freer, though not for long.
At the end of the story, the reader is offered the author’s thought about how common the notorious “case” is in the surrounding life: ? And the fact that we spend our whole lives among idlers, quarrelsome, stupid, idle women, talking and listening to all sorts of nonsense - isn't this a case? ".
We have to admit that it is very difficult for a person to influence the boundaries of this very “case”. And life turns out to be unreal, miserable, turns into a gray and useless vegetative existence. Chekhov's story "The Man in the Case" shows how strong vulgarity can be, preventing a person from thinking and acting as his soul longs for. Nevertheless, such an event in the story as the death of Belikov indicates that vulgarity can still be dealt with. It only takes a little effort from a person to turn everything around. For example, in this story, in order to cope with Belikov, it was enough to laugh at him, not being afraid to show true feelings