The ideal of a woman in the work of Tolstoy's project. Presentation on literature "ideal woman". Wise words from Alina Buryan

The female theme occupies an important place in L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, because a woman has her own special purpose, given by nature itself: she is, first of all, a mother, a wife. For Tolstoy this is indisputable. The world of family is the basis of human society, and the mistress of it is a woman.

The images of women in the novel are revealed and evaluated by the author using his favorite technique - contrasting internal and external.

The author talks about the ugliness of Princess Marya, but draws our attention to the heroine’s “large, deep and radiant (as if rays of warm light sometimes came out of them in sheaves).” The eyes, as we know, are the mirror of the soul, therefore, speaking about the look, Tolstoy characterizes the inner world of the heroine, hidden from the superficial observer (for example, Mademoiselle Burien). Having fallen in love with Nikolai Rostov, the princess transforms at the moment of meeting him so that her French companion almost does not recognize her: femininity, grace and dignity appear in Marya. “For the first time, all that pure spiritual work with which she had lived until now came out” and made the heroine’s face beautiful.

We don’t notice any particular attractiveness in Natasha Rostova’s appearance either. Always on the move, responding violently to everything that happens around her, Natasha can “loose her big mouth, becoming completely bad”, “cry like a child” because Sonya is crying; she may grow old and change beyond recognition from grief after Andrei’s death. It is precisely this kind of life variability in Natasha that Tolstoy likes because her appearance is a reflection of the rich world of her feelings.

Unlike Tolstoy's favorite heroines, Natasha Rostova and Princess Marya, Helen is the embodiment of external beauty and at the same time strange immobility, like a fossil. Tolstoy constantly emphasizes her monotonous, frozen smile and the antique beauty of her body. She resembles a beautiful but soulless statue. It is not for nothing that the author does not talk at all about her eyes, which, on the contrary, in Tolstoy’s favorite heroines always attract our attention. Helen is good in appearance, but is the personification of immorality and depravity. For a high-society beauty, marriage is the path to enrichment. She cheats on her husband constantly, the animal nature prevails in her nature. Pierre is struck by her inner rudeness. Helen is childless. “I’m not such a fool as to have children,” she says blasphemous words. Not being divorced, she decides who she should marry, unable to choose one of her two suitors. Helen's mysterious death is due to the fact that she became entangled in her own intrigues. Such is this heroine, such is her attitude to the sacrament of marriage, to the responsibilities of a woman. But for Tolstoy this is the most important thing.

Princess Marya and Natasha become wonderful wives. Not everything is available to Natasha in Pierre’s intellectual life, but in her soul she understands his actions and helps her husband in everything. Marya captivates Nikolai with spiritual wealth, which is not given to his simple nature. Under the influence of his wife, his unbridled temper softens, for the first time he realizes his rudeness towards men. Marya Bolkonskaya does not understand Nikolai's economic worries, she is even jealous of her husband. But the harmony of family life lies in the fact that husband and wife seem to complement and enrich each other and form one whole. Temporary misunderstandings and mild conflicts are resolved here through reconciliation.

Marya and Natasha are wonderful mothers, but Natasha is more concerned about the health of the children (Tolstoy shows how she takes care of her youngest son), Marya surprisingly penetrates into the child’s character and takes care of spiritual and moral education. We see that the heroines are similar in the main, most valuable qualities for the author - they are given the ability to subtly feel the mood of loved ones, to share other people's grief, they selflessly love their family.

A very important quality of Natasha and Marya is naturalness, artlessness. They are not able to play a role, do not depend on prying eyes, and can violate etiquette. Thus, at her first ball, Natasha stands out precisely for her spontaneity and sincerity in the manifestation of feelings. Princess Marya, at the decisive moment of her relationship with Nikolai Rostov, forgets that she wanted to remain aloof and polite. She sits, thinking bitterly, then cries, and Nikolai, sympathizing with her, goes beyond the scope of small talk. As always with Tolstoy, everything is finally decided by a look that expresses feelings more freely than words: “and the distant, impossible suddenly became close, possible and inevitable.”

By creating a system of female images, the writer builds his ideal woman. In my opinion, this ideal can be reduced to the formula: naturalness, sensitivity, love.

She knew how to understand everything that happened

In every Russian person.

L. N. Tolstoy

What is an ideal? This is the highest perfection, a perfect example of something or someone. Natasha Rostova is the ideal woman for L. N. Tolstoy. This means that she embodies those qualities that the writer considered the most important for a woman.

A thirteen-year-old black-eyed girl, with a big mouth, ugly, but alive - this is how Natasha Rostova comes into Tolstoy’s epic. Natural, sincere, full of life, she is the favorite of the family.

Natasha is headstrong, she does not adhere to prim secular rules. This is a very rich nature: the girl knows how to imagine, fantasize, and remember with her heart. You can't be bored with her: living life to the fullest, she involves everyone around her in this life. The writer cannot contain his admiration, talking about her dancing while visiting her uncle: “Where, how, when did she suck into herself from that Russian air that she breathed... this spirit, where did she get these techniques from?.. But the spirit and these techniques were the same, inimitable, unstudied, Russian ones,” which became possible because Natasha “knew how to understand everything that was... in every Russian person.” This understanding came from a simple and kind family, from closeness to nature, to peasants. This is probably where her dreaminess, poetry, spontaneity, and her smart heart come from.

Only once, when she comes into contact with the “big world,” will an inexperienced, gullible girl make a fatal mistake, which will turn into a spiritual disaster for her.

Admiring his heroine and talking about her poetic love for Andrei Bolkonsky, the writer shows that manifestations of such a passionate, spontaneous nature can also be dangerous. Natasha could not cope with her passion for Anatoly Kuragin. Her betrayal destroys the life of Prince Andrei and causes grief to the girl’s loved ones. But how Natasha herself suffers, how she executes herself! A severe moral shock leads to the fact that she became withdrawn, alienated, and was afraid to return to life. “I am tormented only by the evil that I did to him,” the girl confesses to Pierre.

The year 1812 brings Natasha out of a severe moral crisis. She did not immediately understand the whole tragedy of what was happening, she remained indifferent to everything, and almost did not participate in the preparation of the Rostovs for leaving Moscow. However, having learned that the wounded remained in Moscow because there were no carts, and the countess did not agree to take off their things and give the carts to the wounded, Natasha, “like a storm,” burst into her parents and demanded that the carts be freed for the wounded and began to direct everything herself.

And as a bitter reward, she was given a meeting with Prince Andrei, who was seriously wounded in the Battle of Borodino. It is difficult to read about their meeting in Mytishchi and impossible to talk about, this meeting is so tragic and beautiful, the writer so truthfully reveals their feelings, their love, which, having been reborn, became even “bigger, better than before.” “Not a single thought about myself... was in Natasha’s soul.” Now she loves Andrei with all the strength of which she is capable, guesses his desires, wants to understand how he feels, “how his wound hurts,” lives his life. That's why her life ended when he died.

A new meeting with Pierre gradually returns Natasha to herself, to life. Tolstoy poses very difficult questions to the reader. Does a person, while preserving the memory of the deceased, have the right to relive his grief and love again?

For Tolstoy, the beauty and greatness of life is in its diversity, in the interweaving of grief and joy. Probably, this is also why he loves Natasha so much, because she is overflowing with the power of life and is capable of being reborn after shame, resentment, grief to new joys. And you can’t blame her, otherwise life would stop.

Natasha does not go through the difficult path of spiritual quest, does not ask herself “eternal” questions. “She doesn’t deign to be smart,” Pierre will say about her. Her moral strength lies in the natural qualities of her character, in the gift of love for life, for people, for nature, in a sense of truth.

Not everyone likes her in the novel's epilogue. In a disheveled, dejected woman who has abandoned her “charms” and thinks only about her husband and children, it is difficult to recognize the former “sorceress”. But Tolstoy does not condemn his heroine, but admires her, a loving wife, devoted mother, and homemaker. She lives in the rich spiritual world of Pierre, reflecting the main and best things in him. Not understanding her husband with her mind, she unmistakably guessed with instinct what was most important in his activities, shared his thoughts without hesitation, only because they were his thoughts, and for her he was the smartest, most honest and fair person in the world .

It is these qualities that Tolstoy values most in a woman. That's why Natasha Rostova is his favorite heroine, his ideal.

Merkusheva Tatyana

The presentation represents a creative project after studying the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace"

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Problematic question: What, according to Tolstoy, should a real woman be? Natasha Rostova - Tolstoy's favorite ideal

“A woman is better off the more she puts aside personal aspirations to place herself in the maternal vocation.” L.N. Tolstoy

understand what allows us to call Natasha Tolstoy’s favorite ideal; find out what the role of a woman should be, according to the writer. Target:

Select material that allows you to understand the character of Natasha Rostova; Understand what her inner world is like. Tasks:

Natasha's path is the desire to love, i.e. be happy and give happiness to another person. Hypothesis:

Plan: 1. Natasha is a girl at the beginning of the novel. Charm and charm. 2. An ineradicable thirst for life: a) Moonlight night in Otradnoye; b) First ball. 3. Love for Prince Andrey. 4. A fleeting hobby for Anatoly Kuragin. 5. Natasha is a patriot. 6. Death of Andrey. 7. Natasha is a wife and mother. 8. Summary of life.

We first meet Natasha, a thirteen-year-old girl, when she “accidentally, with an ill-timed run” ran into the room where the guests were sitting. Is she beautiful? Her charm lies in simplicity and naturalness. Natasha is completely filled with a thirst for life, she strives to do everything herself, feel for everyone, see everything, participate in everything. This is exactly how Natasha appears to us when we first meet her. Natasha is a girl at the beginning of the novel

Natasha never thinks about the meaning of life, but this meaning is revealed in the way she lives. She feels living life in her own way, without analyzing it. She understands the world, bypassing the rational, logical path, directly and holistically, like a person of art. She embodies the best properties of a female being: harmony of spiritual and physical, natural and moral, natural and human. She has the highest gift of female intuition - a direct, unreasonable sense of truth. Inextinguishable thirst for life

The image of a moonlit night in Otradnoye reveals Natasha’s inner world. Natasha admires the beauty created by light and shadows. Mysterious beauty! Natasha can't look enough. From the fullness of her feelings, tears ring in her voice. The night seems magical and extraordinary to her. This has never happened before. Moonlit night in Otradnoye

The ball scene perfectly reveals the amazing feeling of happiness, the ability to live every moment fully. First ball The first ball is the first appearance. The excitement that overcame Natasha from the very morning helped her to remain herself at the ball, not to be one of many. Natasha's cleanliness and openness immediately caught the eye of all the guests. At the ball, Natasha is overwhelmed with feelings: there is joy, and delight, and fear, and despair - and all these feelings can be read on her face, as in an open book.

The love of Andrey and Natasha is the love of two very, very different people... love is so strange, so incomprehensible... but still it exists... maybe that’s why they fell in love with each other, because they are so different?! Now her whole life before meeting Prince Andrei turned out to be just a wait. She saved up all her light, all her joy, all her goodness, all her sensitivity for him. She took responsibility for the man she fell in love with. Therefore, “she constantly guessed” all his feelings. The two found and fell in love with each other. But it cannot be easy for them, because behind each of them is their own world, and to love is one thing, but to understand is another. Love for Prince Andrey

How could this happen? Natasha - with her sensitivity, true understanding of people, with her precise sense of good and evil - Natasha did not understand Anatole! Overwhelmed by her love for Andrey, Natasha - after all the thoughts that she could no longer play with life - in just a few days she destroyed all her happiness! Now it is not enough for her to know that she is loved, she needs every minute admiration, she needs words of love, but Andrei is not there, and Anatole appears, who can give just this: admiration, glances, words. But, unfortunately, Natasha does not imagine that they can be low, which is why readers forgive her everything, but she does not forgive herself. No one could have judged her more harshly than she herself did for her passing hobby when she came to her senses and realized what she had done. A fleeting hobby for Anatoly Kuragin

Patriotism as a feeling that brought back to life... Natasha is brought out of a state of painful crisis by the news of the threat of the French approaching Moscow. A common misfortune for the whole country makes the heroine forget about her sufferings and sorrows. For Natasha, the main thing becomes the thought of saving Russia.

Pure and lofty love for the Fatherland and its defenders is manifested in Natasha’s action when she, a gentle and respectful daughter, burst into the room and shamed her parents for refusing to give up carts for the wounded. Under the influence of a high patriotic feeling, Natasha forgets not only all patriotic calculations, but even her caring and loving attitude towards her mother. Natasha is a patriot

Describing the scene of Natasha's meeting with the dying Bolkonsky, Tolstoy shows the power of her love. Natasha looked at him with compassion and love. Andrei saw her shining eyes filled with tears. Andrei's death Andrei's death struck her to the depths of her soul. We no longer hear her enthusiastic voice, we no longer see a girl laughing, full of the joy of life.

At the end of the novel, we see Natasha as a mature, strong woman, a loving wife and mother. With the same passion, Natasha devotes herself to caring for her husband and children. Her whole life is centered on the happiness of her family. Their relationship with Pierre is surprisingly harmonious and pure. Natasha's spontaneity and heightened intuition perfectly complements Pierre's intelligent, analyzing nature. Natasha - wife and mother

Natasha finds her happiness in her family, caring for her husband and children... this will be the case in the end... and before that, Tolstoy will lead Natasha through serious trials, shocks and mental crises. In Natasha, the author embodied, in his opinion, the ideal of a woman. Tolstoy draws Natasha in development; he traces Natasha's life in different years. Summary of life

The fate of Natasha Rostova reveals Tolstoy's views on the role of women in society. The writer sees her highest purpose in motherhood, in raising children, for it is a woman who is the keeper of family foundations, that bright and good beginning that leads the world to harmony and beauty.

Why is Natasha Rostova the favorite ideal of Tolstoy? In the image of Natasha Rostova, Tolstoy embodied everything that, in his opinion, should be inherent in a woman. He gave her all the qualities that a person needs, those qualities that the author himself values in people, and especially in women. Therefore, Natasha is Tolstoy’s favorite heroine.

She knew how to understand everything that happened
In every Russian person.
L. N. Tolstoy
What is an ideal? This is the highest perfection, a perfect example of something or someone. Natasha Rostova is the ideal woman for L. N. Tolstoy. This means that she embodies those qualities that the writer considered the most important for a woman.
A thirteen-year-old black-eyed girl, with a big mouth, ugly, but alive - this is how Natasha Rostova comes into Tolstoy’s epic. Natural, sincere, full of life, she is the favorite of the family.
Natasha is willful, she doesn't

Adheres to prim secular rules. This is a very rich nature: the girl knows how to imagine, fantasize, and remember with her heart. You can't be bored with her: living life to the fullest, she involves everyone around her in this life. The writer cannot contain his admiration, talking about her dancing while visiting her uncle: “Where, how, when she sucked into herself from that Russian air that she breathed. this spirit, where did she get these techniques from?. But these spirits and techniques were the same, inimitable, unstudied, Russian,” which became possible because Natasha “knew how to understand everything that happened. in every Russian person.” This understanding came from a simple and kind family, from closeness to nature, to peasants. This is probably where her dreaminess, poetry, spontaneity, and her smart heart come from.
Only once, when she comes into contact with the “big light,” will an inexperienced, trusting girl make a fatal mistake, which will turn into a spiritual disaster for her.
Admiring his heroine and talking about her poetic love for Andrei Bolkonsky, the writer shows that manifestations of such a passionate, spontaneous nature can also be dangerous. Natasha could not cope with her passion for Anatoly Kuragin. Her betrayal destroys the life of Prince Andrei and causes grief to the girl’s loved ones. But how Natasha herself suffers, how she executes herself! A severe moral shock leads to the fact that she became withdrawn, alienated, and was afraid to return to life. “I am tormented only by the evil that I did to him,” the girl confesses to Pierre.
The year 1812 brings Natasha out of a severe moral crisis. She did not immediately understand the whole tragedy of what was happening, she remained indifferent to everything, and almost did not participate in the preparation of the Rostovs for leaving Moscow. However, having learned that the wounded remained in Moscow because there were no carts, and the countess did not agree to take off their things and give the carts to the wounded, Natasha, “like a storm,” burst into her parents and demanded that the carts be freed for the wounded and began to direct everything herself. And as a bitter reward, she was given a meeting with Prince Andrei, who was seriously wounded in the Battle of Borodino. It is difficult to read about their meeting in Mytishchi and impossible to talk about, this meeting is so tragic and beautiful, the writer so truthfully reveals their feelings, their love, which, having been reborn, became even “bigger, better than before.” “Not a single thought about myself. Natasha was not in her soul.” Now she loves Andrei with all the strength of which she is capable, guesses his desires, wants to understand how he feels, “how his wound hurts,” lives his life. That's why her life ended when he died.
A new meeting with Pierre gradually returns Natasha to herself, to life. Tolstoy poses very difficult questions to the reader. Does a person, while preserving the memory of the deceased, have the right to relive his grief and love again?
For Tolstoy, the beauty and greatness of life is in its diversity, in the interweaving of grief and joy. Probably, this is also why he loves Natasha so much, because she is overflowing with the power of life and is capable of being reborn after shame, resentment, grief to new joys. And you can’t blame her, otherwise life would stop.
Natasha does not go through the difficult path of spiritual quest, does not ask herself “eternal” questions. “She doesn’t deign to be smart,” Pierre will say about her. Her moral strength lies in the natural qualities of her character, in the gift of love for life, for people, for nature, in a sense of truth.
Not everyone likes her in the novel's epilogue. In a disheveled, dejected woman who has abandoned her “charms”, thinking only about her husband and children, it is difficult to recognize the former “sorceress”. But Tolstoy does not condemn his heroine, but admires her, a loving wife, devoted mother, and homemaker. She lives in the rich spiritual world of Pierre, reflecting the main and best things in him. Not understanding her husband with her mind, she unmistakably guessed with instinct what was most important in his activities, shared his thoughts without hesitation, only because they were his thoughts, and for her he was the smartest, most honest and fair person in the world .
It is these qualities that Tolstoy values most in a woman. That is why Natasha Rostova is his favorite heroine, his ideal.

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Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya, the writer’s wife, wrote down in her diary Tolstoy’s words that when creating “War and Peace” he loved “folk thought”, and in “Anna Karenina” - “family thought”. Indeed, if we consider “War and Peace” as a historical and philosophical work, at its center is popular thought. But “War and Peace” is also a family chronicle, a story about how the Rostov, Bolkonsky, Kuragin families formed and grew, what was the reason for the happiness or unhappiness of each of them.

The writer pays great attention to female characters, because a woman is the center of the family, and the main place of a woman is in the family. One of the most attractive images of the novel is that of Natasha Rostova. Outwardly, she is not the most beautiful of the heroines of Tolstoy’s epic, especially when compared with the world-recognized beauty Helen. Natasha captivates with her charm, spontaneity, liveliness, voice, singing, thirst for life, openness, loving attitude towards the world and people. The features of Natasha Rostova are outlined using the author's descriptions, dialogues, remarks, details, internal monologues, antitheses (contrasts) with Helen and Sonya. Serious trials in her life include her engagement to Prince Andrei, her infatuation with Anatoly Kuragin and her failed escape with him, the condemnation of society, and the events of the War of 1812. The common misfortune makes Natasha forget about herself, about her misfortune. If Natasha’s mother thinks that the Rostovs need the carts in order to take the family’s property out of Moscow, then Natasha, without hesitation, gives the carts to the wounded who need to be evacuated. At the cost of ruining a family, she saves human lives. Having met Prince Andrei, she selflessly looks after him, and even the doctor admits that “he did not expect such firmness or such skill from the girl in caring for the wounded.” Princess Marya, who came to Yaroslavl to see them, despite her past hostility, immediately feels that Natasha is filled with “boundless love for him... pity, suffering for others and a passionate desire to give all of herself in order to help them.” Tolstoy often draws Natasha’s eyes, because they reflect her soul, living human feelings - suffering, joy, love, hope (and on Helen’s face Tolstoy, as a rule, draws a frozen smile). After the death of Prince Andrei, Natasha was heartbroken; she thought that her life was over. “But suddenly love for her mother showed her that the essence of her life - love - was still alive in her. Love woke up, and life woke up too.”

Time passes, and Pierre Bezukhov’s love completely brings Natasha back to life. She is now completely different than she was before the war and Andrei’s death, and at the same time Pierre sees Natasha “the same as he knew her almost as a child and then as the bride of Prince Andrei.” In the epilogue of the novel we see Natasha as the happy wife of Count Bezukhov and the mother of 4 children. She completely devotes herself to fulfilling her duties as a wife and mother, which, according to the writer, is the essence of a woman’s purpose, the most important part of the ideal of a woman for the writer. Natasha feels happy when the children are healthy and happy, the husband is calm, Pierre realized himself as a decent, good person, because he saw himself reflected in his wife. A wife is like a mirror, reflecting all the character traits and habits of her husband - this is the ideal that Tolstoy preaches in War and Peace. A woman’s purpose is to be a wife and mother, to give all her strength to her family, spouse and children, finding her own happiness in this.

A man mainly realizes himself in public service, in the social sphere, and a woman - in the family. She raises children, all her life she creates that House, which becomes the main world, a reliable rear for her husband, a source for the younger generation. She affirms moral values and unites all members of her family. Tolstoy's favorite heroines - Natasha and Marya Bolkonskaya - create such families; and Helen, a social beauty, and Anna Pavlovna Scherer, the owner of a secular salon, have no families. Yes, it’s impossible to imagine them surrounded by children.