Tsyganov Nikolay. The meaning of the Gypsies Nikolai Grigorievich in a brief biographical encyclopedia. An excerpt characterizing Tsyganov, Nikolai Grigorievich

Russian actor and poet

Biography

Born into the family of a freedman, who previously belonged to the grain merchant and tax farmer Zlobin (the founder of the city of Volsk). Poet's father for a long time was Zlobin’s confidant in his extensive trade affairs and, due to his position, often traveled from place to place; the young son studied somehow, in fits and starts, for the most part at home, and sometimes by enrolling for a while in a school that was located in the place where his family was located. Unforeseen circumstances led the young Tsyganov to the artistic field, and he joined the Saratov theater troupe around 1816. He remained there for about 12 years, traveling, moreover, to other surrounding cities where there were theaters. Famous writer M. N. Zagoskin, while in Simbirsk, noticed Tsyganov’s stage talent and facilitated his transition to the Moscow theater. Here his successes were not particularly noticeable, but those who remembered recognized him as an intelligent and useful actor. But Tsyganov’s stay in the capital was short-lived. Having successfully survived the cholera of 1830, the following year he became a victim of an epidemic, which at that time had already decreased in Moscow, but had an even stronger effect on those few whom it affected.

IN privacy Tsyganov was a frank, good-natured man, and despite the fact that he sometimes loved fun and even revelry, he was distinguished by some kind of shyness, which often provoked jokes from his comrades and friends, who loved him very much. However, this shyness did not prevent him from making funny and witty jokes.

Tsyganov was tender son and took care of the maintenance and comfort of his old mother, who was later taken into his house by our glorious artist M. S. Shchepkin.

Creation

Very familiar with folk songs, which he collected and listened to in different places in Russia, Tsyganov was imbued with the spirit of these songs and composed his own, which he sang very pleasantly, accompanying himself on the guitar. Some of his songs are simply adaptations of famous folk songs or developments of them. Carefree by nature, he did not bother to collect or print what he wrote; during his lifetime, few of his songs appeared in print, although some became known in tens of thousands of lists throughout Russia and became popular; Those who sang these songs hardly knew the name of the composer. Many, probably, even now do not know that Tsyganov is the author of such well-known songs as “Oh, my heart hurts and aches,” “Why are you early, little grass, you have turned yellow,” “There is a birch tree in the valley,” “Across the field, the pure field.” , “Oh, you grove, dark grove” and so on. Of these, “Don’t sew me, mother, a red sundress,” with Titov’s pleasant music, was famous in all levels of society.

Publications

After Tsyganov's death, some of his songs appeared in Molva, a weekly supplement to Nadezhdin's Telescope, and in other magazines. Their collection was published under the title “Russian Songs of N. Tsyganov” (M., 1834); This book was printed in a small number of copies and soon became a bibliographic rarity; the second edition was published in 1857 without any changes and also soon sold out. The almanac “Literary Cabinet” (1842) published Gypsy’s dedication of songs to the famous Russian actor P. S. Mochalov and two songs; the other two - in "Repertoire and Pantheon" in the same year, with a story about the editor's poet, F. A. Koni, who recognized Tsyganov as a much higher poet

Nikolai Grigorievich Tsyganov(sometimes erroneously referred to as Stepanovich; 1797, St. Petersburg - November 30, 1832, Moscow) - Russian actor and poet.

Biography

Born into the family of a freedman, who previously belonged to the grain merchant and tax farmer Zlobin (the founder of the city of Volsk). The poet's father for a long time was Zlobin's confidant in his extensive trade affairs and, due to his position, often traveled from place to place; Tsyganov studied in fits and starts, mostly at home, and sometimes at a school that was located in the family’s place of residence. Around 1816, he joined the Saratov theater troupe, in which he remained for 12 years, traveling around provincial theaters. Tsyganov was married to Maria Ivanovna Chizhova, and was named after her father, the provincial registrar. The writer M. N. Zagoskin noticed Tsyganov in Simbirsk and facilitated his transfer to the troupe of the Moscow Maly Theater in 1828. In Moscow, Tsyganov became close to theatrical circles, was friends with P. S. Mochalov, F. A. Koni and M. S. Shchepkin.

Creation

All famous poems Tsyganov were performed in the style of folklore lyrics, many of them were songs that, according to some information, Tsyganov performed himself, accompanying himself on the guitar. Probably, before arriving in Moscow and becoming acquainted with the literary trends of both capitals, Tsyganov thought of his songs outside of literature and print, but in the late 1820s and early 1830s. The genre of literary “Russian song” became noticeable and popular: almost simultaneously, collections by A. A. Delvig and A. F. Merzlyakov were published with numerous examples of the genre, to which criticism reacted favorably. An early death did not allow Tsyganov to perform quite noticeably with “Russian songs” in literature; he began to publish in periodicals and prepared a collection of his songs, but did not have time to publish it. Many of his songs were distributed in lists and songbooks, losing the name of the author (some of the most famous: “Don’t sew me, mother, a red sundress”, “Oh, my heart hurts and ache, my zealous heart aches”, “Why are you turning yellow early, little grass”, “Beside the valley there is a birch tree”, “Across the field, the pure field”, “Oh, you grove, the dark grove”). The music for many of Tsyganov’s songs was written by A. Varlamov.

Publications

Tsyganov's poem first appeared in print in 1828. Only in 1832 did his texts begin to be regularly published in Molva, a weekly supplement to Nadezhdin's Telescope. Just before his death, Tsyganov prepared a collection of his songs and submitted it for censorship approval (censorship permission was issued on November 3, 1832). This collection was published only in 1834 (Russian songs by N. Tsyganov. M., 1834); the book was published small edition and is almost unnoticed by criticism; the second edition was published only in 1857. The almanac “Literary Cabinet” (1842) published Gypsy song dedications famous actor P. S. Mochalov and two songs; the other two - in “Repertoire and Pantheon” in the same year, with a story about the editor’s poet, F.A. Koni, who in the genre of “Russian songs” recognized Tsyganov as better than Baron Delvig, but weaker than Koltsov.

Literature

N. G. Tsyganov // Poets from the People: Selections. Russian poems adv. poets, with adj. information about their lives and 7 portraits: For the school and the people / Comp. K. A. Khrenov. - M.: typo-lit. t-va I.N. Kushnerev and Co., 1901. - 141 p.
N. G. Tsyganov. Curriculum Vitae// Songs and romances of Russian poets. T. 1. L.: Soviet writer, 1988. pp. 389-390.
Merzlyakov A. F. N. G. Tsyganov // Russian songs of Merzlyakov and Tsyganov: With sketches of the lives of both poets. - St. Petersburg: New Time, 1880. - 114 p.

Biography

Born into the family of a freedman, who previously belonged to the grain merchant and tax farmer Zlobin (the founder of the city of Volsk). The poet's father for a long time was Zlobin's confidant in his extensive trade affairs and, due to his position, often traveled from place to place; the young son studied somehow, in fits and starts, mostly at home, and sometimes by enrolling for a while in a school that was located in the place where his family was located. Unforeseen circumstances led the young Tsyganov to the artistic field, and he joined the Saratov theater troupe around 1816. He remained there for about 12 years, traveling, moreover, to other surrounding cities where there were theaters. The famous writer M. N. Zagoskin, while in Simbirsk, noticed Tsyganov’s stage talent and facilitated his transition to the Moscow theater. Here his successes were not particularly noticeable, but those who remembered recognized him as an intelligent and useful actor. But Tsyganov’s stay in the capital was short-lived. Having successfully survived the cholera of the year, he became the next year a victim of the epidemic, which at that time had already decreased in Moscow, but had an even stronger effect on those few whom it affected.

In his private life, Tsyganov was a frank, good-natured man, and despite the fact that he sometimes loved fun and even revelry, he was distinguished by some kind of shyness, which often provoked jokes from his comrades and friends, who loved him very much. However, this shyness did not prevent him from making funny and witty jokes.

Tsyganov was a gentle son and took care of the maintenance and comfort of his old mother, who was then taken into his house by our glorious artist M. S. Shchepkin.

Creation

Publications

After Tsyganov's death, some of his songs appeared in Molva, a weekly supplement to Nadezhdin's Telescope, and in other magazines. Their collection was published under the title “Russian Songs of N. Tsyganov” (M., 1834); This book was published in a small number of copies and soon became a bibliographic rarity; the second edition was published in 1857 without any changes and also soon sold out. The almanac “Literary Cabinet” (1842) published Gypsy’s dedication of songs to the famous Russian actor P. S. Mochalov and two songs; the other two - in “Repertoire and Pantheon” in the same year, with a story about the editor’s poet, F. A. Koni, who recognized Tsyganov as a poet much higher than Baron Delvig, but more modest than Koltsov.

Literature

Russian songs by Merzlyakov and Tsyganov. With a sketch of the lives of both poets. - Third edition in the “Cheap Library” series by A. S. Suvorin, St. Petersburg, 1886.

Links

Categories:

Actors of Russia
Personalities in alphabetical order
Poets of Russia
Born in 1797
Russian poets
Died in 1831
Died in Moscow

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Tsyganov Nikolay Grigorievich- (1797, St. Petersburg, ‒ 1831, Moscow), Russian poet, actor. Born into the family of a peasant freedman. From 1816 he traveled a lot around the country with the Saratov theater troupe. In 1828, with the assistance of M.N. Zagoskin, he entered the Moscow Maly Theater. Songs... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Tsyganov Nikolay Grigorievich- Tsyganov (Nikolai Grigorievich, 1797 1831) poet, son of a serf peasant, wandering around different cities Russian actor, comedian, recent years who played on the stage of the Moscow theater. Some of his songs have become folk songs. The most popular... ... Biographical Dictionary

Tsyganov, Nikolai Grigorievich- actor, author popular songs; his father was first a serf of the merchant V. A. Zlobin, famous for his trading enterprises and grain trade in the Volga and its environs; Having then received a vacation pay, Grigory Tsyganov was assigned to the appanage peasants... Large biographical encyclopedia

Tsyganov Nikolay Grigorievich

TSYGANOV Nikolay Grigorievich- (17971831), Russian poet, actor, performer of his own songs. essays. Poems in the spirit of folklore songs, including “Red Sundress”; Sat. “Russian Songs” (publ. 1834).■ Merzlyakov A. F. and Tsyganov N. G., Rus. songs, 3rd ed., St. Petersburg, 1886 ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary

Tsyganov Nikolay Grigorievich, poet- (1797 1831) poet, son of a serf peasant, actor and comedian who traveled to different cities of Russia, who in recent years played on the stage of the Moscow theater. Some of his songs have become folk songs. The most popular of them: Why are you early, little grass... Encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Nikolai Grigorievich Tsyganov- (sometimes erroneously referred to as Stepanovich; 1797, Saint Petersburg 1831 (according to more dubious information, 1832 or even 1833), Moscow) Russian actor and poet. Contents 1 Biography 2 Creativity 3 Publications ... Wikipedia

Tsyganov, Nikolay- Nikolai Grigorievich Tsyganov (sometimes erroneously referred to as Stepanovich; 1797, St. Petersburg 1831 (according to more dubious information, 1832 or even 1833), Moscow) Russian actor and poet. Contents 1 Biography 2 Creativity 3 Publications ... Wikipedia

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Nikolay Tsyganov- Nikolai Grigorievich Tsyganov (sometimes erroneously referred to as Stepanovich; 1797, St. Petersburg 1831 (according to more dubious information, 1832 or even 1833), Moscow) Russian actor and poet. Contents 1 Biography 2 Creativity 3 Publications ... Wikipedia

Actor, author of popular songs; his father was first a serf of the merchant V.A. Zlobin, known for his trading enterprises and grain trade in the Volga and its environs; Having then received a vacation pay, Grigory Tsyganov was assigned to the appanage peasants and for a long time served as Zlobin’s attorney in his numerous trade transactions.

Nikolai Grigorievich b. in St. Petersburg in 1797; He spent his childhood and adolescence constantly traveling with his father around Russia, studying only in fits and starts, either at home or in schools.

Around 1816, by some chance, young Tsyganov joined the Saratov theater troupe, in which he played in Saratov and during the troupe’s travels to other cities of Russia.

Having served in this way for 12 years, Tsyganov in Simbirsk was noticed by the famous theatergoer M. N. Zagoskin, who then occupied the place of a member of the office of Moscow theaters; he distinguished Tsyganov from among other actors and contributed to his transition to the stage of the Moscow Theater.

As an actor, Tsyganov did not show remarkable talents, but he was always on point, especially in the roles of naively comic old men.

The whole troupe loved him for his kindness, gentleness and unpretentious character. In 1831, Tsyganov died in Moscow from cholera, only 34 years old. Those who knew him testify to his sincerity, gaiety and wit; sometimes he indulged in revelry, and according to some news he suffered from a vice that Russians are often obsessed with talented people. Tsyganov is known in the history of Russian literature for his songs, some of which have long become folk songs.

Having traveled a lot around Russia, Tsyganov became well acquainted with oral creativity Russian people, listened to various beliefs, collected forgotten legends; but Tsyganov paid special attention to folk songs; He laid some of them as the basis of his works; Often his compositions were the product of a momentary mood, improvisation, which he performed to the accompaniment of a guitar.

As a result, many of Tsyganov’s songs perished forever, never being recorded; some, against the will of the author, were distributed in many lists throughout Russia and became generally known.

Particularly popular: “Why have you turned yellow early, little grass?”, “Oh, my heart hurts and aches!”, “There is a birch tree near the valley,” “Across the field, the clean field,” and finally, “Don’t you, mother, make me red.” sarafan", etc. All 44 of Tsyganov’s songs are known, poems: to P. S. Mochalov and “In the album of M. D. Lvova-Sinetskaya”. According to F.A. Koni, who knew him personally, “Tsyganov was a wonderful Russian poet. He traveled almost all over Russia to listen to the native sounds of the Russian people in mournful and cheerful tea. He wrote down their songs, noticed original expressions and had a special tact to distinguish purely national pearls in Russian songs from artificial fakes of nationality... In poetic terms, in terms of creating songs, Tsyganov stood much higher than Baron Delvig... Early death did not allow Tsyganov to publish a rich collection of Volga bandit songs, which he managed to overhear and find in the lower provinces, and Russian literature lost wonderful material for folk ballads..." Main role Tsyganov in the history of literature is that he was the immediate predecessor of our other folk singer - Koltsov.

In 1834, Tsyganov’s “Russian Songs” were published in Moscow; , 1884 and 1886, Tsyganov’s works were collected and published by Suvorin along with the songs of A.F. Merzlyakov in the volume “Cheap Library”. Biography when Suvorin was published, 1880 - P. V. Gerbel, “Russian Poets”, ed. 3rd, St. Petersburg, 1888, pp. 327-329. - "Russian Invalid", 1857, No. 259. - "Rumor", 1834, No. 23, pp. 352-354. - “Northern Bee”, 1834, No. 188 (article by M. Turunov). - “Library for reading”, 1834, vol. V, lit. chronicle, pp. 5-6. - “Moscow Bulletin”, 1828, part XI, pp. 108-110 (songs: “Don’t sit, my friend...”, “Ah, fogs, you fogs,” “Thank you, blue jug "). - "Rumor", 1833, No. 70, pp. 277-278. - "Literary Additions to the Russian Invalid", 1839 - "Repertoire..." 1842 and 1843 - "Literary Cabinet", 1842, pp. 52 and 57. B. Lvov. (Polovtsov) Tsyganov, Nikolai Grigorievich (1797-1831) - poet, son of a serf peasant, actor-comedian who traveled to different cities of Russia, and in recent years played on the stage of the Moscow theater.

Some of his songs have become folk songs.

The most popular of them: “Why have you turned yellow early, little grass?”, “Oh, it hurts and my zealous heart aches!”, “There is a birch tree near the valley,” “Across the field, the clean field,” “Don’t sew me, mother, a red sundress ", etc. All songs of Ts. are known 44; the rest, not recorded in time, have not survived.

According to your ability to assimilate and transmit original folk expressions, Ts. stands above Delvig and is the immediate predecessor of Koltsov.

Ts.'s "Russian Songs" were first published in Moscow in 1834 (2nd edition 1857); in 1880, 1884 and 1886 Ts.'s songs were collected and published by A. Suvorin along with the songs of A. F. Merzlyakov, in the volume of "Cheap Library". Wed. biography of Ts. published by A. Suvorin in 1886; Gerbel, “Russian Poets” (St. Petersburg, 1888); "Northern Bee", 1834 No. 23, pp. 352 - 384. (Brockhaus)

TSYGANOV Nikolai Grigorievich was born into the family of a freed Volga peasant - a poet.

Until the age of 19, he lived with his father, helping him with housework.

In 1816 he joined the Saratov troupe as an actor and for 12 years led a wandering life.

In 1828, the director of Moscow theaters and novelist M. N. Zagoskin, who was in Simbirsk, drew attention to Nikolai Grigorievich and helped him transfer to the Moscow theater. Wandering around Russia, Tsyganov carefully studied the life of the people, their work, collected bandit songs, which he later tried to publish as a separate collection, but censorship did not let them through. Tsyganov himself tries his hand at the song genre, reworking and varying folk songs. Being modest and shy, he attached almost no importance to his poetic experiences. He usually improvised while playing guitar, and his friends recorded.

During the life of Nikolai Grigorievich, only a few of his songs were published in the theater collection "Literary Cabinet". Separate edition songs by Tsyganov N.G. came out after the author's death (1834).

He wrote mainly elegiac songs. Their main themes are separation, betrayal, loss of a loved one, grief caused by “ evil people", and so on. In many of his songs one can hear a complaint about the fate that has ruined a person’s youth. Tsyganov's lyrics are characterized by motifs of unhappy love, and the endings of songs are often pessimistic. True, his heroes do not die of love, but they suffer, wither and wither.

Everyday pictures in Tsyganov's songs are rare, but here and there there are hints of abnormal family relationships: a woman complains about her old jealous husband who has taken away her freedom. Some kind of oppression, submissive submission to fate - these motives are also not uncommon in song creativity poet.

He also has paintings of nature, soulful and lyrical. Nikolai Grigorievich has no descriptions of agricultural labor.

Tsyganov widely used various techniques of oral folk lyrics: negative comparisons, symbols, folk epithets, and so on. His songs are characterized, for example, by such images as a forget-me-not flower, a cuckoo cuckooing in a damp forest, early-darkened grass, a bird in a cage, a yellow river, a white birch tree and others, widely represented in Russian folk lyrics.

Tsyganov attached great value rhyme: he has identical, random, morphological, synonymous and semantic rhymes; assonances (one night - very much, about what happened - not much, etc.). He has a rich and original stanza: Tsyganov mainly developed six-line lines, but he also has five-line lines with rare rhymes (“Oh, you horses, my black ones...”). The poet usually introduces direct speech or dialogue into narrative speech, which is typical for folk lyrics.

The best songs of Tsyganov N.G. set to music by major Russian composers and occupy a strong place in Russian poetry.

Died - Moscow.

Russian writers. Biobibliographical dictionary.