What is proposal analysis? Parsing sentences online

We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence one way or another. Order in parsing. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences. Errors when parsing a simple sentence§4. We highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence.

The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, means of communication, subordinating conjunction because, complex sentence. Select the required phrase from the sentence. We indicate which part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next, we indicate in what syntactic way this phrase is connected.

It is important to follow the parsing order. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this circulation according to the members of the sentence. First, we note that in this sentence there is direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and text of the author. We draw a proposal diagram. First, we indicate which sentence according to the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or motivating. We find conjunctions that connect simple sentences into complex ones.

We read them out and name the number of simple sentences that make up a complex sentence. We determine the meaning of the relationships between simple sentences. By meaning, we establish how simple ones are formed in a complex sentence. I. Analyze the proposal by members. II. Divide the sentence into parts, number the parts in order. III. Make a descriptive analysis according to the following scheme: 1. According to the purpose of the statement: – narrative, – interrogative, – motivating.

In a simple sentence:

A direct object is an object in the accusative case without a preposition, referring to the member of the sentence expressed by a transitive verb. They mainly connect parts of a complex sentence, but can also be used in a simple sentence to connect homogeneous and heterogeneous members. If we have a sentence in front of us, then select phrases from it. Naturally, the characteristics of a phrase differ from the characteristics of a sentence, because a phrase is not an independent syntactic unit, like a sentence.

But a simple sentence has only one grammatical basis, and complex ones have more than one. Therefore, for the latter it is important to identify the nature of the syntactic connection between the parts. That is, the parsing schemes for simple and complex sentences have important differences. When starting parsing, it is important to understand what units of syntax you are parsing and what is required for this.

In a sentence that has homogeneous members.

1. Determine the main and dependent words, highlight the main thing, and from it raise a question to the dependent one. 3. Determine the type of syntactic connection: coordination, control, adjacency. The second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis, my class and I went, common, not complicated.

An example of parsing a complex sentence

A sentence with direct speech, direct speech is in preposition in relation to the words of the author. The author's words are a simple sentence, two-part, unextended, complete, uncomplicated.

The simplest way to respond to an invalid input token string is to terminate the parsing and display an error message. However, it is often useful to find as many errors as possible in one parse attempt. When an error is encountered, the parser passes the input tokens one at a time until one of a specially defined set of synchronizing tokens is found. Sometimes, when an error is encountered, the parser may make local adjustments to the input stream so that it can continue running.

Naturally, this strategy is powerless if the actual error occurred before the point at which the parser detected the error. When such productions are triggered, an error is logged, but the parser continues to operate as normal. Word order in a sentence refers to the sequential arrangement of its members.

Changing the usual, direct order of words in a sentence leads to their semantic and emotional emphasis. Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of primary and secondary schools. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade.

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format. Analysis is constantly practiced in lessons and participates in grammatical tasks in control dictations. Analysis of a complex sentence in grade 5 is for educational purposes and is not a means of control.

The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse. Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence. At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence. Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

And finally, we indicate what its grammatical meaning is. Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is constructed. First, the predicate and subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are included first in the subject, then in the predicate. We determine the meaning of this entire complex sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain what kind of complex sentence it is, pay attention to how it is constructed, how the subordinate clause is connected to the main sentence and what it refers to.

Next you need to analyze the sentence by members, indicating what parts of speech they are. First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples. Parsing requires knowledge and skills. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate was not specified, common, not complicated. Parsing - In computer science, parsing is the process of matching a linear sequence of lexemes (words, tokens) of a language with its formal grammar.

Parsing is one of the most difficult topics in the Russian language program. Many people do not even understand what parsing is and why it is needed. It is this analysis that allows you to see the structure of the sentence, and this, in turn, increases the level of punctuation literacy. You can conduct syntactic analysis of phrases, simple sentences and different types of complex sentences.

Syntactic analysis of phrases

Firstly, from the sentence it is necessary to isolate the phrase we are interested in from the context. Secondly, it is necessary to determine which word is the main word and which is the dependent word. Determine what parts of speech each of them is. Name the type of syntactic connection inherent in this phrase (coordination, adjacency or control).

Phrase parsing is a relatively simple analysis in the syntax section. Let's give an example of parsing the phrase “speaks well.” In this phrase the main word is “says”. He says how? Foldable. “Folding” is a dependent word. The main word “says” is a present tense verb in the indicative mood, third person, singular. "Folding" is an adverb. The type of connection in the phrase is adjacency.

Sentence parsing

In this part of the article we will try to explain clearly what syntactic parsing of a sentence is and what stages it consists of. Sentence parsing is an analysis aimed at studying the structure of a sentence and the relationships between its components. Parsing consists of several sequential operations.

Scheme for analyzing a simple sentence

1. It is necessary to determine what the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement. All sentences in this regard are divided into narrative, interrogative and incentive. If there is an exclamation point at the end of a sentence, you need to note this and indicate that the sentence is also an exclamation point.
2. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.
3. Describe the structure of the sentence. One-component - only a predicate or only a subject in the grammatical basis. In this case, indicate what kind of sentence it is: definitely-personal, indefinitely-personal, impersonal or nominative. A sentence can also be two-part - there is both a subject and a predicate. Indicate whether the sentence is uncommon or widespread, that is, whether the sentence contains additions, definitions, circumstances. If they exist (minor members), then the proposal is widespread; if not - not widespread. You must also indicate whether the proposal is complete or incomplete. If incomplete, then you need to indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it.
4. Determine whether the sentence is complicated or uncomplicated. A complex sentence is one in which there are homogeneous members, applications, appeals, and introductory words.
5. Determine which part of the sentence each word is and which part of speech they are expressed in.
6. If the sentence contains punctuation marks, explain their placement.

Now we will explain what parsing a simple sentence is, using the example of the sentence: “The girl was sunbathing on the beach and listening to music.”

1. Narrative, non-exclamatory.
2. Grammatical basis: girl - subject, sunbathed - predicate, listened - predicate.
3. Two-part, widespread, complete.
4. The sentence is complicated by homogeneous predicates.
5. Girl is the subject expressed by the noun wives. kind in units h. and im. case; sunbathed - a predicate expressed by a past tense verb in singular. h. and women. kind; na - preposition; beach - a circumstance expressed by the noun husband. kind in units number and sentence case; and - connecting union; listened - a predicate expressed by a past tense verb in singular. h. and women. kind; music is a direct object expressed by a feminine noun in the singular. number and blames. case.

Using the example of parsing a phrase and a simple sentence, we explained to you what syntactic parsing is. There are also syntactic analyzes of complex sentences.

Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of primary and secondary schools. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. It includes the characteristics and outline of the sentence, analysis by members indicating parts of speech.

The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. The full set of features of a simple sentence is indicated in the 8th grade, and in the 9th grade the focus is on complex sentences.

In this type of analysis, the levels of morphology and syntax are correlated: the student must be able to identify parts of speech, recognize their forms, find conjunctions, understand how words are connected in a phrase, know the signs of the main and minor members of a sentence.

Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade. In elementary school, the student remembers the sequence of parsing and performs it at an elementary level, indicating the grammatical basis, syntactic connections between words, the type of sentence according to the composition and purpose of the statement, learns to draw up diagrams and find homogeneous members.

In elementary schools, different Russian language programs are used, so the level of requirements and student preparation are different. In the fifth grade, I took in children who studied in elementary school under the programs of the educational system "School 2100", "School of Russia" and "Primary School of the 21st Century". There are also big differences. Elementary school teachers do a tremendous job to compensate for the shortcomings of their textbooks, and they themselves “lay” continuity between primary and secondary schools.

In grade 5, the material on sentence analysis is generalized, expanded and built into a more complete form; in grades 6-7 it is improved taking into account newly studied morphological units (verb forms: participle and gerund; adverb and state category; function words: prepositions, conjunctions and particles ).

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format.

Plan for parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Find out the type of sentence by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory or exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence, underline it and indicate the methods of expression, indicate that the sentence is simple.

4. Determine the composition of the main members of the proposal (two-part or one-part).

5. Determine the presence of minor members (common or non-common).

6. Emphasize the minor members of the sentence, indicate the ways of their expression (parts of speech): from the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate.

7. Determine the presence of missing members of the sentence (complete or incomplete).

8. Determine the presence of a complication (complicated or not complicated).

9. Write down the characteristics of the proposal.

10. Create an outline of the proposal.

For analysis, we used sentences from Sergei Kozlov’s wonderful fairy tales about the Hedgehog and the Little Bear.

1) It was an extraordinary autumn day!

2) Everyone’s duty is to work.

3) Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and began to play their squeaky violins.

4) He has neither a father, nor a mother, nor a Hedgehog, nor a Bear.

5) And Belka took some nuts and a cup and hurried after.

6) And they put things in a basket: mushrooms, honey, a teapot, cups - and went to the river.

7) Pine needles, fir cones, and even cobwebs - they all straightened up, smiled and began to sing with all their might the last autumn song of the grass.

8) The Hedgehog lay, covered up to his nose with a blanket, and looked at the Little Bear with quiet eyes.

9) The hedgehog sat on a hill under a pine tree and looked at the moonlit valley, flooded with fog.

10) Across the river, the forest was dark, blazing with aspens.

11) So until the evening they ran, jumped, jumped off the cliff and screamed at the top of their lungs, setting off the stillness and silence of the autumn forest.

12) And he jumped like a real kangaroo.

13) Water, where are you running?

14) Maybe he's gone crazy?

15) It seems to me that he imagined himself... as the wind.

Examples of parsing simple sentences

Many PC users may need to parse a sentence. This may be caused by classes in the standard school curriculum, studying philology and linguistics at the university, or other related purposes related to the syntactic analysis of verbal structures. At the same time, parsing itself presupposes the possession of the necessary knowledge base, therefore a number of users may need to somehow facilitate this process, in particular, by using auxiliary online resources. In this material I will tell you how to parse a sentence online, and what resources will help us with this.

As is known, classical syntactic analysis of a sentence is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. Determining the purpose of uttering a sentence (narrative, incentive, interrogative);
2. Determining the emotional coloring of a sentence (exclamatory - non-exclamatory);
3. Determining the number of grammatical stems in a sentence (one stem is a simple sentence, two or more stems is a complex sentence);

If the sentence is simple, then it is also necessary to decide whether it is one-part or two-part, common or not, complicated or not, what parts of speech are expressed by the members of the sentence, and draw up a diagram of the sentence.

If complex sentence, then it is necessary to determine the conjunction or non-conjunction connection, the method of connection (intonation, subordinating, coordinating), determine the type of complex sentence (non-conjunctive, complex, complex) and so on.

Parsing sentences online - implementation features

The abundance of syntactic parameters and the richness of sentence composition options make parsing using robotic systems quite complex. Therefore, there are a fairly small number of resources on the Internet that perform syntactic or related analysis of sentences (texts). Below I will describe a number of such resources and tell you how to use them.

Seosin.ru - a resource that allows you to perform text analysis

The resource seosin.ru is one of the most famous resources of this kind. The capabilities of this site, according to the developers, allow for morphological and syntactic analysis of text online, as a result of which the user receives statistics about the existing text.

To work with this resource, follow the link provided, paste the text into the window, enter the check number below, and click on “Analyze”.

Advego - semantic text analysis

The popular content exchange "Advego" boasts a built-in tool for semantic text analysis, which can also be useful in parsing. This tool determines the total number of words used, the number of significant and unique words, the amount of “water”, and so on.

To work with the resource, you must register. Then go to the “SEO text analysis” tab at the top, on the page that opens, insert the required text into a special window, and click on “Check”.

Resource erg.delph-in.net

The erg.delph-in.net resource is a powerful linguistic tool that allows you to perform syntactic analysis of various English sentences using tools such as Linguistic Knowledge Builder, PET System parser, Answer Constraint Engine generator, and others.

To work with this service, go to the resource erg.delph-in.net, insert your English-language sentence into a special line, and click on the “Analyze” button on the right. The system will process the proposal and give you the result.

Forums

The corresponding philological and linguistic forums (in particular, gramota.turbotext.ru, lingvoforum.net and others) can help you perform syntactic analysis of a sentence online. You can register on one of these forums, and in your post ask experts for help in parsing the sentence you need.

Conclusion

Carrying out syntactic parsing of a sentence presupposes possession of the appropriate knowledge base, without which such parsing would simply be impossible. At the same time, the resources available on the network on this topic are quite scarce, and due to a number of conceptual reasons they cannot carry out a full syntactic analysis of the sentence (this is especially true for Russian-language resources). Therefore, in this regard, I recommend either replenishing your knowledge base, or turning to philologist forums for help - they will definitely help you with the necessary syntactic analysis.

The order of parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of offer according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative).
2. Determine the type of offer by emotional coloring (exclamation, non-exclamation).
3. Find the grammatical basis of a sentence and prove that it is simple.
4. Determine the type of sentence by structure:
A) two-part or one-part(definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, nominal);
b) widespread or not widespread;
V) complete or incomplete(indicate which part of the sentence is missing);
d) complicated (indicate how it is complicated: homogeneous members, isolated members, appeal, introductory words).
5. Parse the proposal by members and indicate how they are expressed(first, the subject and predicate are analyzed, then the secondary members related to them).
6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain punctuation marks.

1) My fire is shining in the fog(A.K. Tolstoy).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, uncomplicated. Grammar basis - the fire is shining my expressed by a possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the adverb of place in the fog expressed by a noun in the prepositional case with a preposition V.
Proposal outline. At the end of this declarative sentence there is a period.
2) At the end of January, surrounded by the first thaw, the cherry orchards smell good(Sholokhov).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition, expressed by a participial phrase. Grammar basis - the gardens smell. The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate is a simple verb, expressed by a verb in the indicative mood. The subject includes an agreed definition cherry expressed as an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition V, and the circumstance of the course of action Fine expressed by an adverb.
Sentence scheme [,]. At the end of this declarative sentence there is a period; commas in the sentence highlight the participial phrase, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated because it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.

Parsing a simple sentence

A simple sentence can be parsed as follows:

Underline the parts of the sentence.

Indicate the type of predicate(s): ASG, SGS, SIS.

Make a descriptive analysis according to the following scheme:

1. According to the purpose of the statement:

   - narrative,

   - interrogative,

   - motivating.

   By intonation:

   - non-exclamatory

   - exclamation point.

   In terms of the number of grammatical bases - simple,

   By the presence of one or both main members:

   1) two-part.

   2) one-piece. With the main dick

   a) subject - noun;

   b) predicate:

   - definitely personal

   - vaguely personal,

   - generalized-personal,

   - impersonal.

   By the presence of minor members:

   - common,

   - not widespread.

   By the presence of missing members:

   - complete,

   - incomplete (indicate which member(s) of the sentence is/are missing).

   According to the presence of complicating members:

   1) uncomplicated,

   2) complicated:

   - homogeneous members of the sentence;

   - isolated members of the sentence;

   - introductory words, introductory and plug-in constructions,

   - direct speech;

   - appeal.

Here is an example of parsing a simple sentence.

Sample parsing a simple sentence:

Doorman, came out at that moment from the door of the restaurant hanger into the courtyard to smoke, trampled on the cigarette and moved towards the ghost with the obvious purpose of blocking his access to the restaurant, but for some reason he did not do this and stopped, smiling stupidly (M. A. Bulgakov).