First Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Approval of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation

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The prototype of the Russian Security Council can be considered the Security Council of the USSR, formed in accordance with the Union Law of December 26, 1990 “On amendments to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR in connection with the improvement of the public administration system.” He was entrusted with developing recommendations for implementing the all-Union policy in the field of defense of the country, maintaining its reliable state, economic and environmental security, overcoming the consequences of natural disasters and other emergencies, ensuring stability and legal order in society.

In 1991, within the framework of the union state, security councils also began to be created in some of its republics. Moreover, this was carried out, as a rule, by introducing amendments to the constitutions of the respective republics.

The RSFSR Security Council was first mentioned in the RSFSR Law of April 24, 1991 “On the President of the RSFSR”. This act provided that the President heads the Security Council of the RSFSR, the structure, powers and procedure for its formation are determined by the law of the RSFSR (clause 9 of Article 5). The RSFSR Security Council received constitutional status on May 24, 1991, when the RSFSR Law “On Amendments and Additions to the Constitution (Basic Law)” incorporated this norm into the Basic Law.

On July 19, 1991, under the President of the RSFSR, a Commission was formed to develop proposals on the status, structure and procedure of the Security Council of the RSFSR.

As a result of the joint work of this commission, the committees of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on security and legislation, a draft Law of the Russian Federation “On Security” was prepared, which was adopted on March 5, 1992. The Law determined the status, composition and procedure for the formation of the Security Council of the Russian Federation , its main tasks and forms of activity.

The Security Council, as a constitutional body that prepares decisions of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of security, was entrusted with considering strategic problems of state, economic, public, defense, information, environmental and other types of security, protecting public health, forecasting, preventing emergency situations and overcoming them consequences, ensuring stability and law and order.

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 3, 1992 No. 547, the Security Council of the Russian Federation was established “to ensure the implementation of the functions of the President in governing the state, forming domestic, foreign and military policies in the field of security, preserving the state sovereignty of Russia, maintaining socio-political stability in society, protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens."

The permanent members of the Security Council are the President, the Chairman of the Government and the Secretary of the Security Council, members of the Council are the heads of law enforcement agencies, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other ministries and departments.

Secretaries of the Security Council of the Russian Federation:

On June 18, 1996, General, who took third place in the presidential elections, became Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and Assistant to President B. N. Yeltsin for National Security Alexander Lebed.

From submission Boris Berezovsky at the end of October 1996, he was appointed Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of Russia in the Chechen Republic Ivan Rybkin. Boris Abramovich himself nominally becomes Deputy Secretary of the Security Council, but in fact for a whole year, until his resignation, he takes the helm of this most important government body. On October 29, 1996, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Boris Berezovsky was appointed Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation Ivan Rybkin (appointed to this position instead of the removed Alexander Lebed). Many politicians and experts regarded this appointment as a consequence of the patronage of the head of the presidential administration, Anatoly Chubais.

On March 3, 1998, by Presidential Decree, he was appointed Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation Andrey Kokoshin, a native of the Institute of the USA and Canada of the USSR Academy of Sciences, colleague of Georgy Arbatov.

On September 14, 1998, Colonel General was appointed to the post of Secretary of the Security Council Nikolay Bordyuzha, who previously headed the Federal Border Service.

On March 29, 1999, President Boris Yeltsin signed a Decree on the appointment Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation while retaining his duties as director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

November 16, 1999 Sergey Ivanov, according to the decree of the President of Russia, was appointed Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. According to some reports, Vladimir Putin proposed Ivanov’s candidacy to Yeltsin. Previously, S. Ivanov served as deputy director of the FSB.

On May 31, President of the Russian Federation V. Putin, by his decree, appointed a certain Mikhail Fradkov First Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation

On March 28, 2001, serious changes took place in the government of the Russian Federation. Secretary of the Security Council Sergei Ivanov was appointed new Minister of Defense; the duties of Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation were assigned to the Minister of Internal Affairs Vladimir Rushailo.

On April 24, 2004, he was appointed Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation Igor Ivanov, former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Three and a half years ago, Nezavisimaya Gazeta columnist Mikhail Khodarenok predicted the transformation of the Security Council in the near future into an administrative supermonster, combining the functions of the Supreme High Command Headquarters, the State Defense Committee and the General Staff at the same time.

Nevertheless, this did not happen; moreover, the Security Council began to come under attack for passivity and vague language. According to some allegations, this was connected with the personality of the former Secretary of the Council Vladimir Rushailo, who at one time was considered Berezovsky’s man, which in recent years has often sounded like a death sentence.

However, it cannot be said that the Council officials ate their bread for nothing. With their participation, the most important documents were adopted, such as the “Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation”, “Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation”, “Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation”, “Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation”, “Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation”. In particular, the latter provided the rationale for the creation of the Maritime Collegium, a body that comprehensively deals with both military and economic aspects.

The merits of the Security Council of the Russian Federation also include the creation of a basic monitoring system at all strategically important facilities in the country. Its development in order to protect the population from possible man-made accidents, as well as natural disasters and terrorist threats, is called one of the main results of the work of the Security Council of the Russian Federation in the past year.

Of course, much of the Security Council’s activities are controversial; there are still fierce debates on each of the adopted documents. But criticism is just one indicator of performance.

Other section materials:

Based on paragraph "g" of Art. 83 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the President forms and heads the Security Council. The legal status of the Security Council is determined by the Law of the Russian Federation of March 5, 1992 N 2446-I “On Security” and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 2, 1999 N 949 “On approval of the Regulations on the Security Council of the Russian Federation”.

The President of the Russian Federation is the ex officio Chairman of the Security Council. This body consists of: a chairman, a secretary, permanent members and members of the Security Council. The permanent members and members of the Council are appointed by the President on the proposal of the Secretary of the Security Council. Decisions of the Security Council on the most important issues are formalized by presidential decrees, other decisions - by protocols. The Secretary of the Security Council organizes meetings and ensures the preparation of draft decisions.

The main working bodies of the Security Council are interdepartmental commissions. The regulations on the commissions and their composition are established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 1, 2000 N 1603 “Issues of interdepartmental commissions of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.”

Approval of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation

Paragraph "h" of Art. 83 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes that the President approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation. This document represents a system of official views on military matters. In accordance with the Federal Law “On Defense” of May 31, 1996, the development of the main directions of military policy and the provisions of military doctrine is an integral part of the organization of defense in the Russian Federation. Military doctrine is one of the documents on the basis of which the state defense order is formed.

The military doctrine of the Russian Federation was approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 21, 2000. The doctrine is defensive in nature. Its provisions combine the ideas of a consistent commitment to peace and the protection of national interests.

The implementation of the Military Doctrine is achieved through the centralization of state and military control, the implementation of a set of political, diplomatic, economic, social, information and other measures aimed at ensuring the security of the Russian Federation and its allies.

Formation of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation

In accordance with paragraph "k" of Art. 83 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the President forms his Administration. The Constitution does not establish the nature of this body, so it appears that the status and main functions of the Administration should be determined by the President at his discretion. At the same time, the Presidential Administration must act within the powers of the President and cannot interfere with the sphere of competence of other state bodies defined by law.

According to the current Regulations on the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, approved by Presidential Decree No. 1412 of October 2, 1996 (with subsequent amendments and additions), the Administration is a state body that ensures the activities of the President. General management of the Administration is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation.

A constitutional advisory body that prepares decisions of the President of the Russian Federation on the protection of the interests of the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats, and the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of ensuring national security.

The Security Council provides conditions for the implementation by the President of the Russian Federation of his constitutional powers to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity.
The composition of the Security Council of the Russian Federation includes the Chairman, Secretary, permanent members and members of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Decisions of the Security Council of the Russian Federation are of a recommendatory nature for the President of the Russian Federation and are formalized by presidential decrees.
The main document defining the status of the Security Council of the Russian Federation is the Regulations on the Security Council of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 949 of August 2, 1999.
The legislative decision to create the Security Council was made simultaneously with the establishment of the post of President of the RSFSR: the laws “On the President of the RSFSR” of April 24, 1991 and the corresponding amendments to the Constitution of May 24, 1991. The status of the Security Council and the procedure for its formation were established by the Law “On Security” of March 5, 1992. The Security Council was directly created by presidential decree of June 3, 1992. At the same time, the first regulation about it was approved. According to the 1992 law, meetings of the Security Council must be held on a regular basis at least once a month; If necessary, extraordinary meetings may be held. The agenda and order of consideration of issues at meetings were determined by the Chairman of the Security Council on the proposal of the Secretary of the Security Council.

The political role of the Security Council at different stages of modern Russian history was different. During the period of confrontation between President B.N. Yeltsin with the Supreme Council of Russia, the Security Council became a body for coordinating law enforcement agencies and political forces around the president. If before September 1993 the Security Council was a collegial body consisting of the heads of the executive and legislative branches, and all permanent members of the Security Council were members of it ex officio, then after the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 1400 of September 21, 1993, B.N. Yeltsin took upon himself the formation of the personal composition of the Security Council, including permanent members, effectively turning it into an advisory body under the president. In connection with the entry into force of the 1993 Constitution, the status of the Security Council was changed. The permanent members and members of the Security Council are appointed by the President, who is the Chairman of the Security Council. The Secretary of the Security Council, who manages the apparatus and holds working meetings with members of the Security Council, is directly subordinate to him.

Since July 31, 1996, six people have been appointed as permanent members of the Security Council on a personal basis: the President, the Chairman of the Government, the Secretary of the Security Council, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Defense, and the Director of the Federal Security Service. Later, the chairmen of both chambers of the Russian parliament also became permanent members of the Security Council. Decisions of the Security Council on the most important issues are formalized by presidential decrees, other decisions - by protocols. The number of non-permanent members of the Security Council has not been determined: at different times it ranged from 7 to 19 people; all of them have only the right of an advisory vote.
During the 1996 presidential elections, A.I. was appointed to the post of Secretary of the Security Council. Swan, which became a sign of his union with B.N. Yeltsin. At the end of the 1990s, the post of Secretary of the Security Council was occupied by persons considered as successors to B.N. Yeltsin. With the coming to power of V.V. Under Putin, the post of Secretary of the Security Council largely lost its political significance; it was usually occupied by retired ministers (V.B. Rushailo, I.S. Ivanov, N.P. Patrushev).

The Security Council apparatus is an independent division of the presidential administration and has management status. The Security Council forms interdepartmental commissions - its main working bodies. Depending on the assigned tasks, they can be created on a functional or regional basis, on a permanent or temporary basis. In order to scientifically support the activities of the Security Council, a scientific council has been formed under it. Its members include representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, branch academies of sciences, heads of scientific organizations and educational institutions of higher professional education, as well as individual specialists.

The Security Council of the Russian Federation (SB RF) is an advisory body that prepares decisions of the President of the Russian Federation on issues of ensuring the protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and state from internal and external threats, and the implementation of a unified state policy to ensure national security. The Security Council provides conditions for the implementation by the President of the Russian Federation of his constitutional powers to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity. The procedure for forming the Security Council is determined by the President of Russia in accordance with the Constitution and the Law of the Russian Federation “On Security”. Permanent members and members of the Security Council are appointed by the President - Chairman of the Security Council. The Secretary of the Security Council is directly subordinate to him, who ensures the activities of the Security Council, manages its apparatus and holds working meetings with members of the Security Council. Otherwise, the president decides on the activities of the Security Council. Currently, permanent members and members of the Security Council are appointed on a personal basis (rather than ex officio). Decisions of the Security Council on the most important issues are formalized by Presidential Decrees, others - by protocols. The number of non-permanent members of the Security Council at different times ranged from 7 (summer 1996) to 19 (in 2001-2002); they all have the right to an advisory vote at meetings. The main directions of his activities were determined: · preparation of the annual report of the President of the Russian Federation to the Supreme Council on ensuring the security of Russia as the main program document for executive authorities on issues of domestic, foreign and military policy, as well as for the development of legal acts in the field of protecting the vital interests of the individual , society and state from external and internal threats; · organizing the work of permanent and temporary interdepartmental commissions formed by the Security Council on a functional and regional basis, as the main instrument for developing draft decisions of the President of the Russian Federation; · development of proposals to ensure the protection of the constitutional system, state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation within the limits determined by the Constitution, the Federal Treaty and the laws of the Russian Federation. The Security Council includes the Chairman of the Security Council, who is ex-officio the President of the Russian Federation, the Secretary of the Security Council, permanent members and members of the Security Council, included in the Security Council and excluded from it by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Secretary of the Security Council. Members of the Security Council take part in meetings of the Security Council with the right of advisory vote. The main organizational and legal forms of work of the Security Council are meetings, operational meetings, strategic planning meetings, working meetings, as well as meetings of its working bodies - permanent interdepartmental commissions, the scientific council and its sections. Meetings of the Security Council are held on a regular basis (usually once a quarter) according to plans approved by the Chairman of the Security Council. If necessary, extraordinary meetings may be held. Meetings of the Security Council are chaired by the Chairman of the Security Council. Decisions of the Security Council are adopted at its meeting by the permanent members of the Security Council by a simple majority of votes from their total number and come into force after approval by the Chairman of the Security Council. 1.

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