Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin - Tretyakov Gallery for foreign painters. Museum of Fine Arts

Museum fine arts named after A.S. Pushkin

State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin(Moscow) - this is Russian Museum world art, originally founded (precisely as a museum) at Moscow University in 1898 (from the moment of its foundation, during construction). Now it is one of the largest Russian museum complexes (museum town) in the very center of Moscow. Collection of the Pushkin Museum named after. A. S. Pushkin consists of works Western art: from exhibits of ancient times and antiquity, to works of the 20th century. The museum presents an interesting collection of plaster copies of world-famous ancient and Roman sculptures.

The collection of Western paintings is made up of the collections of the Moscow Public Museum, the Rumyantsev Museum and the State Museum Fund (already Soviet power at the end of the 20s). The most valuable and famous works of art(Boticelli, Poussin and David) were transferred from the State Hermitage Museum.

Currently, the total number of works of art (painting, graphics, sculpture, numismatics and archeology) is more than 560 thousand.

The museum complex includes:

• The main building of the Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin (Volkhonka St., 12);
• Gallery of European and American art of the 19th–20th centuries (Volkhonka St., 14);
• Building of the Department of Personal Collections (Volkhonka St., 10);
• Center aesthetic education"Museion".

Official website of the Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin

1949 to 1953- the museum housed an exhibition of gifts from I.V. Stalin.

1985- the Department of Personal Collections is opened in a separate building.

1991- the museum is included in the State Code of Particularly Valuable Objects cultural heritage peoples of the Russian Federation.

Art

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Gallery of art from Europe and America of the 19th–20th centuries. – second building State Museum Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin. The building opened in 2006 and some of the exhibits from the main exhibition were moved into it. Let's try to navigate two centuries of diverse Western art.

The gallery building is located on Volkhonka, to the left of the main building of the museum (if you are facing it).

The gallery occupies three floors. The halls are located in a circle, the inspection begins to the left of the stairs. The hall numbers are written above or next to the entrance openings.

Francisco Goya's painting "Carnival", located in the second room, is not widely famous work the artist, however, fully reveals his author's style. The canvas also echoes the famous “Caprichos” etchings. The grotesque freaks taking part in “Carnival”, coupled with the overall gloomy tone of the picture, are depressing and fascinating.

Here, in the second room, there is a painting by Paul Delaroche “Children of King Edward IV”. The canvas depicts the main characters of one of the most mysterious legends of old England - Princes Edward V and Richard of York. At the end of the 15th century, the English Parliament adopted a decree recognizing the princes as illegitimate and, accordingly, having no rights to succession to the throne. The current king of England and the brothers' uncle Richard III imprisoned 13-year-old Edward and 10-year-old Richard in the Tower, further fate children are unknown. There are many versions of their death, but the main one is imminent murder Richard III.

Several centuries later, two children’s skeletons were discovered in one of the towers of the Tower, however, the examination was unable to establish whether the remains belonged to the princes.

Hall No. 2

On the second floor, in the eighth room, there is the famous painting by Edgar Degas “The Blue Dancers”. The artist was extremely fond of the theme of ballet, and specifically the behind-the-scenes part of it. This becomes obvious if you look at the works located in the neighborhood.

There is an opinion that, contrary to the title, the dancer in the picture is depicted alone, at different stages of preparation for going on stage. The composition is also interesting: probably due to the artist’s passion for photography, the canvas deliberately resembles a frame that was unable to contain everything that was happening.

Hall No. 8

One of the most famous and discussed paintings by Claude Monet, “Boulevard des Capucines in Paris,” is located in the ninth room. It is curious that this painting, being presented at the first exhibition of the Impressionists, was attacked more than others by an already critically minded public. The new trend was not accepted and only caused ridicule. Today, the painting is often cited as one of the most representative and exemplary works performed in the direction of impressionism.

By the way, in fact, impressionism owes its name to Monet. The artist’s brush is the painting “Impression. Sunrise”, this name became the basis for a new movement in painting – impression, which translated from French means “impression”.

Hall No. 9

In the tenth room there is a painting by Camille Pissarro “Opera Passage in Paris”.

The fate of one of the most prominent representatives of impressionism was not easy: at the height of Franco-Prussian War the artist was forced to leave his apartment in the suburbs of Paris, leaving all his work in it. Settled in the room butcher shop, and about Pissarro's paintings literally They wiped their feet using them instead of rugs. Out of more than five hundred paintings by the master, only a few dozen remained intact.

But neither the ruined works, nor endless poverty and hunger, nor ridicule of the new direction in painting could break the artist’s will. The landscapes in which Pissarro depicted the streets of Paris eventually received well-deserved recognition from art critics and the love of the public.

Hall No. 10

Auguste Renoir is also a representative of impressionism. One of his paintings – “Swimming in the Seine” (also called “Splash Pool”) – is located here, in the tenth hall. The artist was a recognized master of sentimental portraiture, but besides this, ponds, embankments and the life that boiled on them were his favorite subjects.

At the end of his days, Renoir was seriously ill and was bedridden, but did not put down his pencil, because, in his words, “pain passes, but beauty remains.”

Hall No. 10

It's hard to believe, but the famous post-impressionist Vincent Van Gogh was not only a painter. Future master managed to work as a dealer in a large art company (thanks to which he began to understand art), a salesman in a bookstore, a teacher in a boarding school and a missionary, and only at the age of 30 did he take up painting seriously. The only painting that was sold during the master’s lifetime was “Red Vineyards in Arles,” now located in the eleventh hall of the Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin.

Also noteworthy is the work “Prisoners' Walk,” created by Van Gogh during the exacerbation of his mental illness and voluntary “confinement” in a psychiatric hospital. The artist was forced to look at the world through the iron bars of the window bars, and the canvas frankly conveys the feelings of the master, who was actually deprived of freedom. No wonder central character The painting is endowed with an extraordinary external resemblance to the author.

Van Gogh lived only 37 years and died by a tragic accident: while walking with painting materials, the artist accidentally shot himself from a revolver, which he had brought to scare away birds while working on a painting.

Hall No. 11

The works of another representative of post-impressionism, Paul Cézanne, are located in the fourteenth room. The artist created more than 800 paintings, but received real recognition only in recent years life, at the age of 65 years.

One of his first works is “In the Rooms” (another name is “Scene in the Interior”), now located in the Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin, was subjected to monstrous criticism.

One of Cezanne’s most mysterious paintings is “Pierrot and Harlequin” (“Mardi Gras”, “Maslenitsa”), which the master painted for about two years. His son Paul posed for the artist in the image of Harlequin. Art critics to this day are trying to find an explanation for why Cezanne, alien to the theatrical genre, chose this particular theme, and attribute some hidden meaning to the painting.

Hall No. 14

One of the brightest representatives Post-Impressionism is Paul Gauguin.

WITH youth Gauguin was interested in and had a special love for tropical countries, and with his move to Tahiti, the “Polynesian” began - the most fruitful period of his work. And although life on the island cannot be called cloudless (during his stay in Tahiti, the artist even tried to commit suicide by poisoning himself with arsenic), it was there, in the opinion of the master himself, that his best works were created. Canvases “Oh, are you jealous?” and “Her Name was Vairaumati” are in the fifteenth room of the museum. Gauguin described the subjects of his paintings in the book “Noah Noah”. Thus, the first canvas depicts two sisters stretched out in voluptuous poses on the shore after swimming and talking about love - past and future. On the second canvas is the heroine of the Polynesian myth Vairaumati, the earthly wife of the god Oro. According to legend, the couple became the progenitors of a secret society free love existing on the island.

Hall No. 15

One of the prominent members of the Nabi group of symbolist artists is Maurice Denis. His canvas “Polyphemus” is located in the sixteenth room. In the painting, the artist combined myth and reality: in the background, the ancient Polyphemus plays a melody of love to the nymph Galatea, and in the foreground, modern earthly inhabitants are frolicking. By the way, members of his family and friends posed for the master.

Hall No. 16

On the third floor, in room eighteen, there is a painting by Andre Derain “Drying the Sails”. The canvas was presented as part of a series of works created in close collaboration with Henri Matisse for the Paris Autumn Salon of 1905, and became the progenitor of a new movement - Fauvism (translated from French as “wildness”). The paintings were called “wild” for their riotous and expressive colors, dynamism and emotionality. True, the artists themselves never used this term in relation to their works.

Hall No. 18

The movement of artists, the founders of Fauvism, collapsed three years after the unification. However, this event in no way prevented Henri Matisse from continuing to adhere to the accepted course. The master's works are in the nineteenth and twentieth halls.

The building was built at the beginning of the 20th century on the site of the Kolymazhny yard specifically for the Museum fine arts them. emperor Alexandra III at Moscow University.

The idea of ​​​​creating an artistic, educational and publicly accessible museum belonged to the professor of Moscow University and director of the Rumyantsev Museum I.V. Tsvetaeva. New Museum should have been visual aid to study architecture, sculpture and other arts of Europe and the East.

In 1896, a competition was appointed for the museum building. According to the terms of the competition, the building had to be built in the style of an ancient temple or a Renaissance house. The order for construction was received by a young architect.

The museum was built according to last word engineering thought. The glass roof provided ample lighting in the halls of the second floor. The building was equipped with electricity and a ventilation system.

The internal structure of the Museum fully met the tasks assigned to it by its creators. The enfilade of the second floor demonstrated ancient greek sculpture, development of ancient art. The remaining rooms were given over to exhibits Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Italian era and Northern Renaissance. The Museum had a library, and there was an auditorium for lectures. separate entrance from Kolymazhny Lane.

The Museum collected copies and casts made in the best workshops in Europe from famous originals, completely preserving their scale. The pearl of the museum’s collection was the collection of original objects of ancient Egyptian art by V.S. Golenishcheva.

The following people were involved in the construction and design of the Museum: outstanding artists and designers of the early 20th century: P.V. Zhukovsky, A.Ya. Golovin, I.I. Nivinsky, K.P. Stepanov. An engineer supervised the construction.

The museum was built with personal donations from patrons. Among them are members royal family, Morozovs, Yusupovs, Polyakovs, Soldatenkovs, etc. Exhibits were also purchased with money from donors. However, the main donor throughout all the years of construction was the major industrialist and philanthropist Yu. Nechaev-Maltsev.

The museum was opened in 1912. I.V. became its director. Tsvetaev. From the first days of the Museum's operation, excursion and lecture programs were launched. This tradition continues today.

After October Revolution 1917 The name of Emperor Alexander III was removed from the name. In 1923, it was decided to place collections of Western paintings from the Rumyantsev Museum and private collections here. The museum was redesigned, preserving the internal structure of the premises and parts permanent exhibition, collected by Tsvetaev.

In 1937, the museum was named after A.S. Pushkin.

Now this is the main building of the complex of the State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin.

Them. Pushkin in Moscow? If you have never been there before, it’s a shame, because... this is one of the most interesting places capitals! Today, the exhibitions of the Pushkin Museum are on a par with the collections of such titans of world cultural heritage as the Louvre or the Hermitage.

A little history

And it all began in 1898, on August 17. Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin was founded on that distant summer day. It was intended primarily to disseminate and popularize knowledge in the field of art among broad sections of the Russian public, as well as for students studying sculpture. It must be said that the most people worked on the museum project educated people of that time. The money for construction (most of it) was donated by a Russian famous philanthropist Yu.S. Nechaev-Maltsev. The design of the building itself was developed by the talented architect R.I. Klein. Before starting a responsible task, Klein long time studied museums in Egypt and Greece, as well as European experience.

When the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts was being built, engineers Vladimir Shukhov and Ivan Rerberg helped Klein. The first was the author of the original translucent ceilings of the main museum building, and the second was the deputy project manager. For the construction of the complex, Klein was awarded the high title of academician of architecture.

Amazing architectural style

Take a close look at the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the photo of which is presented below, and you may notice that it is very similar to ancient temple(Greek) from antiquity, towering among dense trees. Like ancient religious buildings, the building stands on a high stone podium and is surrounded by majestic Ionic columns.

Reproduces the exact proportions of the columns of the portico on the Greek Acropolis. However, according to architectural style Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin is close to classicism. But that's only on the outside. Once inside, visitors find themselves in spacious rooms filled with light, access to which is provided by a glass dome. Such an unusual ceiling already indicates neoclassicism. By the way, when the museum was built, electric lighting was not included in the project at all. It was believed that sculptural compositions Best viewed in natural light.

Collections

An interesting fact is that the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, before the October Revolution that struck Russia in 1917, was exclusively a sculpture museum. Skillfully made copies of ancient mosaics and statues were exhibited here. At that time, the originals were represented only by exhibits from the collections of the Egyptologist Golenishchev.

But after the October Revolution, museum exhibitions were replenished with paintings confiscated from the private collections of the Russian aristocracy and nationalized by the Bolsheviks. So, for example, the famous ones (Picasso Pablo) and (Dutch Van Gogh) came to the Pushkin Museum from the collections of the merchant Morozov.

Today the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts proudly presents its visitors with a rich collection French impressionism and post-impressionism. Here we can enjoy the paintings of Camille Pizarro, Arnie Matisse, Auguste Renoir, Pablo Picasso, Paul Cezanne, Sisley, Edgar Degas, Toulouse Lautrec, as well as the unique Van Gogh and other great painters.

Also in Pushkin Museum you can look at Italian painting 18th-20th centuries, Japanese and British engravings, copies of masterpieces of ancient art, including Michelangelo's huge sculpture of David, and much more. Total Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin contains 700 thousand exhibits, and almost one and a half million people visit it every year.

Events and activities held within the walls of the museum

On Thursdays in the evening and on Fridays during the day, the museum hosts events for everyone. interesting activities entitled "Conversations about Art". Lectures are devoted to all the main sections of the exhibition, as well as various seasonal exhibitions regularly held in this cultural center.

Since 2012, the Pushkin Museum annually takes part in the all-Russian cultural event “Night of Museums”. The exquisite musical “Evenings of Svyatoslav Richter” have also become a tradition - international festival music, held under the arches of the Pushkin Museum every year in December.

Note to tourists

If you are planning to visit the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts for the first time in your life, do not confuse it with another Moscow museum named after the great Russian poet, which is located on Prechistenka. The main building of the Pushkin Museum is located on Volkhonka at number 12.

Tourists need to know that in the Pushkin Museum it is not allowed to smoke, use cellular communications (this is bad manners), touch museum exhibits, take photographs with flash, bring flowers into the halls, or eat outside the cafe area. Bags and large umbrellas should be left in the storage room.

The management of the construction was entrusted to the architect R.I. Klein, who developed the final design of the building. The Moscow State University board organized a long business trip for Klein to European museums, Egypt and Greece. Klein was assisted in the construction by engineers Ivan Rerberg, the first deputy project manager, and Vladimir Shukhov, the author of the museum’s unique translucent ceilings. Dozens of young architects, engineers, and artists went through Klein’s school during the construction of the museum.

The building was completed roughly in 1904. Exhibits (plaster casts and other copies) were ordered from the 1890s from foreign workshops using molds taken directly from the originals; in some cases, copies were made for the first time. On May 31 (June 13), 1912, the museum was opened to the public as the Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III at the Imperial Moscow University.

In 1923, the Museum was removed from subordination to the university. In 1932 it was renamed the State Museum of Fine Arts. In 1937, the Museum was named after Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. In 1991, the Museum was included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation.

The founder and first director of the Museum in 1911-1913 was Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913), a professor at Moscow University. Irina Aleksandrovna Antonova, academician Russian Academy Arts, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, was the director of the museum from 1961 to July 2013, when she was appointed President of the museum. Currently the director of the Pushkin Museum. A.S. Pushkin is Marina Devovna Loshak.

Collections of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin are presented in the museum complex of buildings.

The Museum operates the Center for Aesthetic Education of Children and Youth “Museion” (Kolymazhny Lane, 6).

Composition of the Museum's collections

Currently, the total number of monuments stored in the Pushkin Museum is about 670,000 items. These are works of painting, graphic works, sculptures, works applied arts, archaeological monuments, numismatic monuments, photographs, memorial items, items of scientific and auxiliary fund.

In 2011, the Museum’s collection was replenished with significant works painting, graphics, numismatics, decorative and applied arts. Total quantity receipts amount to 3471 items. Of these, 787 items were purchased, 550 items were accepted as donations, and 2,134 items were accepted by decision of the Expert Fund Purchasing Commission.

The Museum's painting collection was replenished with 8 works; sculptural - one; collection of decorative and applied arts - 28 works; graphic collection - 118 works; collection of the Museum of Personal Collections - 433 works, including paintings, graphics and photographs; the numismatic collection includes 1,790 items; a complex of archeological objects has also been added to the Museum’s collection total number 1093 items.

Foundation of the Pushkin Museum named after. A.S. Pushkin in 2011, a rare monument to the early Dutch painting(XVI century): double-sided altar door with scenes of “The Last Supper” and “Mass of St. Gregory"; The work stylistically gravitates towards the production of the workshop of the Brussels painter Colijn de Cauter.

Valentina Andrianovna Tsirnyuk donated a set of works to the Museum, among which the sculptural group “Artist and Model” should be highlighted. Italian master Emilio Fiaschi (1858-1941). This work typical for salon art half of the 19th century century.

The collection of decorative arts also included a decorative porcelain vase of Etruscan shape with an archery scene in the Green Dog Park near Brussels, created in France in the 1830s. In terms of quality of execution, form and painting, it is very rare for Russian museum and private collections. The vase was purchased by the Museum with funds from the Russian Federation Ministry of Culture.

Another work of decorative and applied art, which was included in the Museum’s collection in 2011, is a bone relief with portrait of a woman- the work of the Austrian sculptor and bone carver Norbert Michael Schrödl (1816-1890). He is known primarily as the author of portrait images of members of the imperial family and prominent contemporaries, created using the technique of carving ivory. Based on a number of signs, it can be assumed that the image on this item is a portrait of the Empress of Austria and Queen Elizabeth of Hungary (1837-1898). The art of carved bone of the 19th century in the museum collection is represented only by individual examples, and therefore this thing occupies an important place in it.

The Museum's graphic collection includes 25 works of German graphics, including works by Lucas Cranach, Urs Graf, Hans Beham, Hans Burgkmeyer and other masters of the era of Albrecht Dürer, which are of undoubted value for the Pushkin Museum's collection.

Of great value is the collection acquired by the Museum, consisting of 721 oriental coins, of which 33 are silver and 688 bronze. The collection was collected in Turkmenistan and includes coins that circulated in the Merv oasis from the 3rd century BC. to late XIX century. It is unique because it contains rare coins antiquity and early Middle Ages, as well as samples of little-known issues of Merv coinage. The collection was accepted for temporary storage back in December 2000 and, after much careful work Russian specialists, finally entered the Museum’s collection.