Fiction fb2. Do you know what fiction is? Fiction: definition and features. What goals does fiction serve?

Literature, like music and painting, is an art form that combines a single material - words. This is the theory literature– section of the science of literature. It is a system in which literature is a type of art that develops throughout its history, and, most importantly, it is a collection of works by writers, poets, and writers.
Fiction divided by: epic- works of antiquity (what happened in the past), lyrical works And dramatic works, there is a mixed type - lyric epic works.
Types of text by structure: poetry and prose. Poetry- this type includes poems, poems, short stories) this is a type of literature in which a literary text is presented in poetic form, i.e. if the rhyme is observed, it carries a certain meaning. The theme is conveyed by rhyme, which is set by rhythm, giving the text musicality. Prose- a literary text that does not depend on the setting of rhyme, but nevertheless carries with it the semantic coloring of the story being told through the predominance of certain linguistic devices - metaphor, epithet, comparison and other types of coloring. Prose is divided into: novel, novel-epic, short story, story, memoir, etc. There are certain deviations from the rules, for example, a novel in verse, which is already a poetic work. This long work, which covers a long period of time in the lives of the characters, is described in detail. Literature is divided into periods: antiquity, the main writers were the Romans and Greeks, parallel to ancient literature, directions of literature of ancient China and ancient India appeared. Ancient literature consists of the genres introduced by Aristotle - epic, lyric, and drama. Then follows the era of literature of the Middle Ages, during this period Latin literature appears and written prose appears. Latin literature is a copy of ancient literature.
Literature of the Renaissance. This is literature from the 14th to 16th centuries. It takes into account the ideas of humanism and first appeared in Italy. Having spread throughout all European countries, it acquired special qualities in each of them. Age of Enlightenment. The period of literature against the backdrop of developing thoughts of culture, science and philosophy. Formed at the end of the 17th century.

Have you ever thought that any action you take can lead to a series of incredible events? That just one decision will put you in front of a choice? Life or death? You or your family? What if this same family hates you?

Fiction >> Science Fiction/Fantasy

The writer Karpov escapes from America, which has become inhospitable for him, and returns to Moscow, to the USSR, where General Secretary Shelepin now rules. Life will tell how the life of a fugitive writer will turn out in his native country, what will happen to him next.

Fiction >> Science Fiction/Fantasy

It's not easy being a half-breed, even if you're a princess. The courtiers are always trying to put him in his place, his father’s favorites are trying to send him to a monastery, and daddy himself dreams of marrying him off. And he even found a groom. True, after meeting me he decided that it was too early for him to get married and ran away. And so that the child would not disappear, dad sent me to the academy. I wonder how long it will last.

Fiction >> Science Fiction/Fantasy

He is called Maestro L'Ombre. He is an aristocrat and the best detective in all of Albizia. His sharp mind has helped solve many crimes. He believes in logic, science and evidence, he is arrogant and sarcastic. He loves strong coffee and walks using a massive cane.
Her name is Mia. She owns a tiny shop in a poor neighborhood, sells spices and incense, and reads fortunes using cards and coffee grounds. She loves apples, wears bright skirts and despises the world of the aristocracy. She believes in intuition, signs and prophetic dreams.
They live in very different worlds, but one day their paths crossed due to a series of strange deaths and yellow magnolia petals.

Fiction >> Science Fiction/Fantasy

If the future boss is a demon, it is simply impossible to refuse his offer. And it doesn’t even matter that his character is not sweet, and the proposed position of personal assistant to the head of the demonic bestiarium is not at all what he dreamed of. After all, the main thing is that they were able to discern a valuable specialist in yesterday’s graduate and offer to do exactly what they are passionate about. Demons!
Well, the fact that you can quietly investigate your boss is just a nice bonus. But... Why is it that he often visits without warning and is not stingy with compliments? We didn't agree like that!

Fiction >> Science Fiction/Fantasy

AI with a trip to the 19th century... The Greek was driving across the river... not like that. A man went on a business trip... not like that again... A construction foreman, well over forty, got into a serious accident on an intercity highway and... woke up in the same place, but in the century before last. He is not a scientist, not a historian, not a special forces soldier, but an ordinary man in the street. Having found out where he was taken, he tries to survive, merge with the environment, and, with luck, return. But what will come of this and will it...

Fiction >> Science Fiction/Fantasy

Lizaveta had a family, and then it was gone. There were prospects, but they disappeared with the death of my beloved priest. All that remained were the sisters, the frail aunt and the desire for revenge, which led Lizaveta to Gossip. The newspaper, in the opinion of the public, is disgusting, but popular among the people. And the voice of the people, as we know, is capable of much.
But the boss doesn’t share Lizaveta’s aspirations, and he’s not the only one... many didn’t like Nikanor the Fair for his cunningness. However, he will have to keep quiet, fortunately something else has been found: a beauty contest is about to take place in the Arsian Empire. And who else if not Lizaveta to illuminate it?
True.
And preferably from the inside... the main thing is not to get involved in politics. Lizaveta had no intention of doing so. It somehow came out on its own.

Fiction >> Science Fiction/Fantasy

Having left her native estate for the capital, Nastya thought that she would be able to free her father, imprisoned in a fortress on charges of conspiracy against the Empress. And she almost succeeded, if not for one “but”: by order of the empress, she had to marry, and not just anyone, but a werewolf... but before her death, Nastina’s mother ordered the girl to keep her witch power, especially from werewolves, after all, they... and this is what they are like, the werewolves who guard the empress, Nastya has to find out.

Fiction >> Poetry/Prose

The publication is the most complete annotated collection of N.Ya. Mandelstam’s works, prepared on the basis of all published and archival materials identified to date.
This two-volume collection of works by N.Ya. Mandelstam includes her memoirs, essays, articles and notes, including fragmentary ones. It does not include the abstract of her dissertation, essays published under the pseudonym "N. Yakovleva" in the almanac "Tarussky Pages" (Kaluga, 1961), interviews and extensive - and still not collected - correspondence.
The collection is based on three large memoir texts - “Memoirs”, “About Akhmatova” and “The Second Book”, work on which took place alternately and sequentially, respectively, in 1958-1965, 1966-1967 and 1967-1970, with the text “About Akhmatova" is, in fact, the first edition of the "Second Book". The books “Memoirs” and “About Akhmatova” form the basis of the first volume of the collection, and “The Second Book” forms the basis of the second; the rest of the material in each volume is arranged chronologically.
Compared to previous editions, significant changes have been made to the texts of the books, based on taking into account all sources identified to date.

What is fiction? What are its features, why is literature considered art? The huge number of books in the home library of most people suggests that reading and perception play an important role in our lives. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the definition of the concept of “fiction”, learn about what types, types and genres it is divided into, and what is remarkable about its language. You will learn about all this and much more from the material below.

Definition of fiction

Almost all literary theorists define it as art, comparing it with painting, music, and theater. The essence is that in literature, as in any other art, there is an organization of meaningless material into a new form with specific ideological content. The types of art differ only in material: in music - sounds, in painting - paints, in architecture - building materials. In this vein, literature is special in that its material is only words and language.

Thus, literature is all written texts, which in turn are divided into groups. These are popular science, reference, educational, scientific, technical and, finally, fiction. We encounter the latter from the first years of life, at school when becoming acquainted with the classics of fiction, in adulthood, when a person consciously turns to a book that interests him. Books are a mirror of society. In a broader interpretation, fiction is those written works that are of artistic value and have aesthetic significance.

It is interesting that this view was finally formed in the 19th century thanks to representatives of romanticism. They viewed artistic reality as aesthetically unique, and writers as special people.

When and how did literature appear?

They have been trying to find the answer to this question for quite some time. Where did it all start? In search of answers, people conducted a huge amount of research, refuted and proved a countless number of hypotheses, analyzed the material and the people who created it. As it turned out, classical - Roman and Greek - fiction is not the most ancient. There were also Sumerian, Egyptian, and Babylonian - sophisticated and developed literatures. Oral forms of literature, beliefs of ancient peoples, and mythologies of entire civilizations play a very important role. It is with myths or similar forms that the study of any literature begins.

Types of fiction

There are three types: epic, lyrical and dramatic. The basis of this division is how the content of the work is presented to the reader. If the events are described in detail, the author's position is removed, various characters are present, their appearance is described in detail, and the leading type of speech is narration, then we are talking about an epic type of literature. In other words, about prose. It includes stories, novels, essays, novellas and other similar works.

If the author wants to tell not so much about events, but about the feelings that they aroused, he creates works related to lyrics. Within this type of literature, there are many genres of different sizes and forms, most of which are characterized by the presence of rhyme, rhythm and other elements characteristic of lyricism. In simple words, lyrics - and their variations.

If an object is depicted in action, there is an opportunity to play it on stage, show it to the viewer and reader, we are talking about a dramatic type of literature. Here the author's voice is heard only in stage directions - the author's explanations of the actions and remarks of the main characters. The dramatic genre includes various plays, tragedies, and comedies.

Division into genres

As mentioned above, types of literature, in turn, include various genres - historically established groups of works that are united by certain common characteristics. These are, for example, novels, short stories, stories, comedies, poems, poems. There is also such a thing as a species. For example, the epic type of novel will be divided into the genres of utopian novel, parable novel, historical novel, and so on. The quantity is very large. It is interesting that the combination of different genres is popular, and the bolder the combination, the more original the writer’s “creation” will be.

Language as the main feature of works of art

To better understand what fiction is and what its features are, we should consider the specifics of its language. Today in literary criticism there is no clear distinction between the concepts of “artistic speech” and “artistic style”. It’s easier to simply combine them into the concept of “artistic language”.

Literary speech is multi-styled. There are different styles with their own characteristics and rules, in which different ones are used. Their choice depends on the author and his ideas. Each style has its own “face” - a set of elements characteristic only of it. It is interesting that a work of art can use words and phrases that are not included in the “literary language” - argot, slang words, lexical units from various dialects. Some writers break the norm deliberately. Any perform an aesthetic function. Words-concepts are translated by writers into word-images. Features of fiction also include vivid emotionality and expression. It should be noted that another important function of literature, in addition to aesthetic, is communicative. Words not only provide information, but also affect readers emotionally.

What is the role of the author's main tool?

What is fiction? Let's try to answer this question clearly. Fiction is a collection of the best images, ideas, thoughts, words. By the way, words are the author’s main tool. With their help, the author's idea and the content of the book are realized, an image is created and an impact is exerted on the addressee.

The meaning of fiction

World fiction influences the formation of the personality and worldview of readers. It is very difficult to exaggerate the effect it has on the reader’s consciousness. Literary art has long been a part of our lives. What role does she play? What is fiction? First of all, it's history. It is passed down from generation to generation, carrying the experience and values ​​of our predecessors. Great writers appealed to human consciousness and probably expected that this appeal would concern not only their contemporaries, but also people in the future.

The fact that literature can influence consciousness is supported by many examples. Often the artistic word played the role of an ideological weapon. There are many cases in the history of literature when works were used for propaganda and the formation of a certain opinion. Fiction is a powerful tool with which one can convey to a person norms, rules, principles, vision of the world, and attitude towards the information received.

Conclusion

Reading fiction is an essential component of the personal development of every person. From books, be they novels, poems or plays, readers learn about life, learn lessons, and gain inspiration. Fiction is a storehouse of historical facts, the experience of previous generations, and the thoughts of the main philosophers of the past and present. It is not for nothing that literature is considered an art that, with the help of simple words, influences consciousness. In addition, a love of books is instilled from birth also because reading develops imagination, teaches one to imagine situations and draw images. All books that are recognized as classics develop and teach, provide knowledge, and Russian fiction is no exception.

What is fiction? We learn about it from early childhood, when mother reads a bedtime story. If we ask this question seriously and talk about literature in general, about its types and genres, then, of course, we will remember both scientific literature and documentary prose. Anyone, even without a philological education, will be able to distinguish fiction from other genres. How?

Fiction: Definition

First, let's define what fiction is. As textbooks and reference books say, this is a type of art that, with the help of the written word, expresses the consciousness of society, its essence, views, mood. It is thanks to books that we learn what people thought about at a given time, how they lived, what they felt, how they talked, what they were afraid of, what values ​​they had. You can read a history textbook and know the dates, but it is fiction that will describe in detail the way of life and life of people.

Fiction: features

To answer the question of what fiction is, you need to know that all books are divided into fiction and non-fiction. What is the difference? Here are examples of sentences from fiction.

“At the very moment when I decided to myself that I didn’t want to be here to death, the lock rattled on the door behind me and Fred appeared, tired after an all-night shift, staring at the strangers who filled his house with a terrible stench and unwound paper napkins everywhere ". This is an excerpt from Danny King's first book, Diary of a Robber. He shows us the main features of fiction - description and action. In fiction there is always a hero - even if it is a story written in the first person, where it is as if the author himself falls in love, robs or travels. Well, there’s no way without descriptions either, otherwise how can we understand exactly in what environment the heroes operate, what surrounds them, where they are going. The description gives us the opportunity to imagine what the hero looks like, his clothes, his voice. And we form our own idea of ​​the hero: we see him the way our imagination, combined with the desire of the author, helps us see him. We draw a portrait, the author helps us. That's what fiction is.

Fiction or truth?

What conclusion do we come to? Fiction is fiction, it is characters invented by the author, invented events, and sometimes non-existent places. The writer is given complete freedom of action - he can do whatever he wants with his characters: send them to the past or the future, to the ends of the earth, kill, resurrect, take offense, steal a million from the bank. If you dig deeper, then, of course, everyone understands that heroes have prototypes. But often they are so far from bookish people that it is almost impossible to draw a parallel. The author can only borrow a way of speaking, walking, or describing a habit. It happens that a real person pushes a writer to create a hero and a book. Thus, Alice Lindell inspired Lewis Carroll to write the favorite book of many children, “Alice in Wonderland,” and the prototype of Peter Pan was one of the sons of Arthur and Sylvia Davis, friends of Barry James. Even in historical novels, the boundaries of fiction and truth are always blurred, so what can we say about fantasy? If we take an excerpt from a news feed, from a newspaper, we will know that these are facts. But if we read the same passage on the first page of the novel, it would never even occur to us to believe in the reality of what is happening.

What goals does fiction serve?

Literature teaches us. Since childhood, poems about Moidodyr teach us to maintain hygiene, and the story about Tom Sawyer teaches us that punishment follows an offense. What does literature teach adults? For example, courage. Read Vasil Bykov's secret story about two partisans - Sotnikov and Rybak. Sotnikov, sick, exhausted by the hard road, crippled during interrogations, holds firm to the last and even for fear of death does not betray his comrades. And there is something to learn from Rybak’s example. Having betrayed his comrade and himself, he goes over to the side of the enemy, which he regrets later, but the way back is cut off, the way back is only through death. And perhaps he is punished more than his hanged comrade. Everything is like from childhood: without punishment there is no crime.

So, the goals of fiction are clearly defined: to show, using the example of heroes, what one should do and what one should not do; talk about the time and place where the events take place, and pass on the accumulated experience to the next generation.

De gustibus non est disputandum, or There is no arguing about tastes

Remember, at the end of each class before the summer holidays, the teacher gave us a list of fiction books from which we needed to read by September? And many suffered all summer, barely moving through this list. Indeed, reading something you don’t like is simply not interesting. Everyone chooses for themselves - “one loves watermelon, the other loves pork cartilage,” as Saltykov-Shchedrin said. If a person says that he does not like to read, he simply has not found his book. Some people like to travel through time with science fiction writers, some like to solve crimes in detective novels, some are enraptured by love scenes in novels. There is no single recipe, just as there is no author that everyone would like and perceive equally, because we perceive fiction subjectively, based on our age, social status, emotional and moral components.

How many people - so many opinions?

The question of what fiction is can be answered this way: it is literature that transcends time and place. It does not have strictly limited functions, like a dictionary or instructions for a washing machine, but it has a more important function: it educates, criticizes, and gives us a break from reality. Books of fiction are ambiguous, they cannot be interpreted in the same way - it is not a carrot cake recipe where a dozen people following the directions step by step will end up with the same baked goods. Everything here is purely individual. The book “Schindler's Ark” by author Keneally Thomas Michael cannot be assessed equally: someone will condemn the German who saved people, someone will keep this image in their hearts as an example of dignity and philanthropy.

Prose

Prose is considered to be a literary text in which a separate rhythm, independent of speech, does not invade the linguistic fabric and does not affect the content. However, a number of borderline phenomena are known: many prose writers deliberately give their works some signs of poetry (one can mention the highly rhythmic prose of Andrei Bely or the rhymed fragments in Vladimir Nabokov’s novel “The Gift”). The exact boundaries between prose and poetry have been an ongoing debate among literary scholars from different countries over the last century.

Prose is widely used in fiction - in the creation of novels, short stories, etc. Individual examples of such works have been known for many centuries, but they have developed into an independent form of literary works relatively recently.

Medieval art reached its culmination in the XII-XIII centuries. Currently, medieval literature is usually divided into Latin literature and literature in vernacular languages ​​(Romance and Germanic). The genre division of Latin literature as a whole reproduced the ancient one. Written prose first appeared in medieval literature.

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See what “Fiction” is in other dictionaries:

Fiction - get a valid Republic promotional code on Akademika or buy profitable fiction at a discount on sale in Republic fiction - literature; fine literature, (graceful) literature (obsolete) / for easy reading: fiction Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011. fiction noun, count... ...

FICTION- publishing house, Moscow (branch in St. Petersburg). Founded in 1930 as the State Publishing House of Fiction, in 1934 63 Goslitizdat. Collected works, selected works of domestic and foreign classics, modern... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

FICTION- “FICTION”, publishing house, Moscow (branch in St. Petersburg). Founded in 1930 as the State Publishing House of Fiction, in 1934 63 Goslitizdat. Collected works, selected works of Russian and... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Fiction - get a valid Republic promotional code on Akademika or buy profitable fiction at a discount on sale in Republic- (from Latin littera letter, writing) a type of art in which the word is the main means of figurative reflection of life. Rubric: Literature and its functions in society Genus: Art Other associative connections: universal significance... ... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

Fiction- (“Fiction”), Soviet publishing house of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Publishing, Printing and Book Trade. The State Publishing House of Fiction (GIHL) was founded in 1930 on ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

"Fiction"- state publishing house, Moscow. Founded in 1930 as the State Publishing House of Fiction, in 1934 63 Goslitizdat. Collected works, selected works of domestic and foreign classics, modern foreign... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Fiction - get a valid Republic promotional code on Akademika or buy profitable fiction at a discount on sale in Republic- ▲ art literature literature. fine literature. subtext. stylistics. stylist. reading matter. song of songs. | calliope. imagism. see image, behavior... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

"FICTION"- “FICTION”, publishing house of the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Publishing, Printing and Book Trade. The State Publishing House of Fiction (GIHL) was founded in 1930 on the basis of literary... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary

Fiction - get a valid Republic promotional code on Akademika or buy profitable fiction at a discount on sale in Republic- in rhetoric: a type of literature that exists in three main forms - epic, lyric and drama; feature of H.L. – artistic fiction; being a language laboratory, H.L. develops perfect and succinct methods of expression, makes it universal property... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Fiction- in rhetoric: a type of literature that exists in three main forms - epic, lyric and drama; feature of H.L. – artistic fiction; being a language laboratory, H.L. develops perfect and capacious methods of expression, makes it universal property... Rhetoric: Dictionary-reference book