The hidden life of Korney Chukovsky. Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. Biographical information of Korney Chukovsky works read

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky(birth name - Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov, March 19 (31), 1882, St. Petersburg - October 28, 1969, Moscow) - Russian and Soviet poet, publicist, critic, also translator and literary critic, known primarily for children's fairy tales in verse and prose. Father of writers Nikolai Korneevich Chukovsky and Lydia Korneevna Chukovskaya.

Origin

Nikolai Korneychukov was born on March 31, 1882 in St. Petersburg. The frequently occurring date of his birth, April 1, appeared due to an error when switching to new style(13 days added, not 12, as it should have been for the 19th century).
Writer for many years suffered from being “illegitimate.” His father was Emmanuel Solomonovich Levenson, in whose family Korney Chukovsky’s mother, Poltava peasant Ekaterina Osipovna Korneychuk, lived as a servant.
The father left them, and the mother moved to Odessa. There the boy was sent to a gymnasium, but in the fifth grade he was expelled due to his low origin. He described these events in his autobiographical story “The Silver Coat of Arms.”
The patronymic “Vasilievich” was given to Nikolai by his godfather. At first literary activity Korneychukov, for a long time burdened by his illegitimacy (as can be seen from his diary of the 1920s), he used the pseudonym “Korney Chukovsky,” which was later joined by a fictitious patronymic, “Ivanovich.” After the revolution, the combination “Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky” became his real name, patronymic and surname.
His children - Nikolai, Lydia, Boris and Maria (Murochka), who died in childhood, to whom many of their father's children's poems are dedicated - bore (at least after the revolution) the surname Chukovsky and the patronymic Korneevich / Korneevna.

Journalistic activity before the revolution

Since 1901, Chukovsky began writing articles in Odessa News. Chukovsky was introduced to literature by his close friend at the gymnasium, journalist Vladimir Zhabotinsky, who later became an outstanding politician Zionist movement. Jabotinsky was also the groom's guarantor at the wedding of Chukovsky and Maria Borisovna Goldfeld.
Then in 1903 Chukovsky was sent as a correspondent to London, where he became thoroughly acquainted with English literature.
Returning to Russia during the revolution of 1905, Chukovsky was captured by revolutionary events, visited the battleship Potemkin, and began publishing the satirical magazine Signal in St. Petersburg. Among the magazine's authors were: famous writers like Kuprin, Fyodor Sologub and Teffi. After the fourth issue, he was arrested for lese majeste. Fortunately for Korney Ivanovich, he was defended by the famous lawyer Gruzenberg, who achieved an acquittal.

Chukovsky (seated left) in Ilya Repin's studio, Kuokkala, November 1910. Repin reads a message about Tolstoy's death. An unfinished portrait of Chukovsky is visible on the wall. Photo by Karl Bulla.

In 1906, Korney Ivanovich arrived in the Finnish town of Kuokkala (now Repino, Leningrad region), where he became close acquaintances with the artist Ilya Repin and the writer Korolenko. It was Chukovsky who convinced Repin to take his writing seriously and prepare a book of memoirs, “Distant Close.” Chukovsky lived in Kuokkala for about 10 years. From the combination of the words Chukovsky and Kuokkala, “Chukokkala” (invented by Repin) is formed - the name of the handwritten humorous almanac that Korney Ivanovich led to last days of your life.

In 1907, Chukovsky published translations of Walt Whitman. The book became popular, which increased Chukovsky's fame in the literary community. Chukovsky becomes an influential critic, trashes tabloid literature (articles about Anastasia Verbitskaya, Lydia Charskaya, “Nat Pinkerton”, etc.), wittily defends futurists - both in articles and in public lectures - from the attacks of traditional criticism (he met Mayakovsky in Kuokkala and later became friends with him), although the futurists themselves are not always grateful to him for this; develops his own recognizable style (reconstruction of the psychological appearance of the writer based on numerous quotes from him).

In 1916, Chukovsky with a delegation State Duma visited England again. In 1917, Patterson’s book “With the Jewish Detachment at Gallipoli” (about the Jewish Legion in the British Army) was published, edited and with a foreword by Chukovsky.

After the revolution, Chukovsky continued to engage in criticism, publishing his two most famous books about the work of his contemporaries - “The Book about Alexander Blok” (“Alexander Blok as a Man and Poet”) and “Akhmatova and Mayakovsky.” The circumstances of the Soviet era turned out to be ungrateful for critical activity, and Chukovsky had to “bury this talent in the ground,” which he later regretted.

Literary criticism

Since 1917, Chukovsky sat down to work for many years on Nekrasov, his favorite poet. Through his efforts, the first Soviet collection of Nekrasov’s poems was published. Chukovsky completed work on it only in 1926, having revised a lot of manuscripts and provided the texts with scientific comments.
In addition to Nekrasov, Chukovsky was engaged in the biography and work of a number of others writers of the XIX centuries (Chekhov, Dostoevsky, Sleptsov), participated in the preparation of the text and editing of many publications. Chukovsky considered Chekhov to be the writer closest to himself in spirit.

Children's poems

The passion for children's literature, which made Chukovsky famous, began relatively late, when he was already a famous critic. In 1916, Chukovsky compiled the collection “Yolka” and wrote his first fairy tale “Crocodile”.
In 1923 it was released famous fairy tales"Moidodyr" and "Cockroach".
Chukovsky had another passion in his life - studying the psyche of children and how they master speech. He recorded his observations of children and their verbal creativity in the book “From Two to Five” in 1933.
“All my other works are overshadowed to such an extent by my children’s fairy tales that in the minds of many readers, except for “Moidodyrs” and “Flies-Tsokotukh”, I wrote nothing at all.”

Other works

In the 1930s Chukovsky studies a lot of theory literary translation(The Art of Translation, 1936, was republished before the start of the war, in 1941, under the title High art") and actual translations into Russian (M. Twain, O. Wilde, R. Kipling, etc., including in the form of “retellings” for children).
He begins to write memoirs, which he worked on until the end of his life (“Contemporaries” in the “ZhZL” series).

Chukovsky and the Bible for children

In the 1960s, K. Chukovsky started retelling the Bible for children. He attracted writers and literary figures to this project and carefully edited their work. The project itself was very difficult due to the anti-religious position Soviet power. A book called " Tower of Babel and other ancient legends" was published by the publishing house "Children's Literature" in 1968. However, the entire circulation was destroyed by the authorities. The first book publication available to the reader took place in 1990. In 2001, the publishing houses “Rosman” and “Dragonfly” began publishing the book under the title “The Tower of Babel and Other Biblical Legends.”

Recent years

IN recent years Chukovsky is a national favorite, laureate of several state awards and orders, at the same time maintained contacts with dissidents ( Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky, the Litvinovs, his daughter Lydia was also a prominent human rights activist). At his dacha in Peredelkino, where he lived permanently in recent years, he organized meetings with local children, talked with them, read poetry, and invited them to meetings famous people, famous pilots, artists, writers, poets. Peredelkino children, who have long since become adults, still remember these childhood gatherings at Chukovsky’s dacha.
Korney Ivanovich died on October 28, 1969 from viral hepatitis. At the dacha in Peredelkino, where the writer lived most of life, his museum now operates.
From the memoirs of Yu.G. Oksman:

Lidia Korneevna Chukovskaya submitted in advance to the Board of the Moscow branch of the Writers' Union a list of those whom her father asked not to invite to the funeral. This is probably why Ark is not visible. Vasilyev and other Black Hundreds from literature. Very few Muscovites came to say goodbye: there was not a single line in the newspapers about the upcoming funeral service. There are few people, but, as at the funeral of Ehrenburg, Paustovsky, the police - darkness. In addition to uniforms, there are many “boys” in civilian clothes, with gloomy, contemptuous faces. The boys began by cordoning off the chairs in the hall, not allowing anyone to linger or sit down. A seriously ill Shostakovich came. In the lobby he was not allowed to take off his coat. It was forbidden to sit in a chair in the hall. There was a scandal. Civil funeral service. The stuttering S. Mikhalkov utters pompous words that do not fit in with his indifferent, even devil-may-care intonation: “From the Union of Writers of the USSR...”, “From the Union of Writers of the RSFSR...”, “From the publishing house Children's Literature.. .”, “From the Ministry of Education and the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences...” All this is pronounced with stupid significance, with which, probably, the doormen of the last century, during the departure of guests, called the carriage of Count such-and-such and Prince such-and-such. Who are we burying, finally? The official bonzu or the cheerful and mocking clever Korney? A. Barto rattled off her “lesson.” Cassil performed a complex verbal pirouette to make his listeners understand how personally close he was to the deceased. And only L. Panteleev, breaking the blockade of officialdom, clumsily and sadly said a few words about the civilian face of Chukovsky. Relatives of Korney Ivanovich asked L. Kabo to speak, but when in a crowded room she sat down at the table to sketch out the text of her speech, KGB General Ilyin (in the world - secretary for organizational issues of the Moscow Writers' Organization) approached her and correctly but firmly told her, that she won’t be allowed to perform.

Family

Wife (since May 26, 1903) - Maria Borisovna Chukovskaya (nee Maria Aron-Berovna Goldfeld, 1880-1955). Daughter of accountant Aron-Ber Ruvimovich Goldfeld and housewife Tuba (Tauba) Oizerovna Goldfeld.
The son is a poet, writer and translator Nikolai Korneevich Chukovsky (1904-1965). His wife is translator Marina Nikolaevna Chukovskaya (1905-1993).
Daughter - writer Lydia Korneevna Chukovskaya (1907-1996). Her first husband was the literary critic and literary historian Caesar Samoilovich Volpe (1904-1941), her second was the physicist and popularizer of science Matvey Petrovich Bronstein (1906-1938).
Granddaughter - literary critic, chemist Elena Tsesarevna Chukovskaya (born 1931).
Daughter - Maria Korneevna Chukovskaya (1920-1931), the heroine of children's poems and father's stories.
Grandson - cinematographer Evgeny Borisovich Chukovsky (1937 - 1997).
Nephew - mathematician Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin (1919-1984).

Addresses in St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad

August 1905-1906 - Academichesky Lane, 5;
1906 - autumn 1917 - apartment building - Kolomenskaya street, 11;
autumn 1917-1919 - apartment building I.E. Kuznetsova - Zagorodny Avenue, 27;
1919-1938 - apartment building - Manezhny Lane, 6.

Awards

Chukovsky was awarded the Order of Lenin (1957), three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, as well as medals. In 1962, he was awarded the Lenin Prize in the USSR, and in Great Britain he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Literature Honoris causa from the University of Oxford.

List of works

Fairy tales

Aibolit (1929)
English folk songs
Barmaley (1925)
Stolen sun
Crocodile (1916)
Moidodyr (1923)
Fly-Tsokotukha (1924)
Let's defeat Barmaley! (1942)
The Adventures of Bibigon (1945-1946)
Confusion (1926)
Kingdom of Dogs (1912)
Cockroach (1921)
Telephone (1926)
Toptygin and Lisa (1934)
Toptygin and Luna
Fedorino grief (1926)
Chick
What did Mura do when they read the fairy tale “The Miracle Tree” to her?
Miracle Tree (1924)
Adventures of a white mouse

Poems for children
Glutton
Elephant reads
Zakalyaka
Piglet
Hedgehogs laugh
Sandwich
Fedotka
Turtle
Pigs
Garden
Song about poor boots
camel
Tadpoles
Bebeka
Joy
Great-great-great-grandchildren
Christmas tree
Fly in the bath

Stories
Solar
Silver coat of arms

Works on translation
Principles of Literary Translation (1919, 1920)
The Art of Translation (1930, 1936)
High Art (1941, 1964, 1966)

Preschool education
From two to five

Memories
Memories of Repin
Yuri Tynyanov
Boris Zhitkov
Irakli Andronikov

Articles
Alive as life
To the eternally youthful question
The story of my "Aibolit"
How was “Tsokotukha Fly” written?
Confessions of an old storyteller
Chukokkala page
About Sherlock Holmes
Hospital No. 11

Editions of essays
Korney Chukovsky. Collected works in six volumes. M., Publishing house " Fiction", 1965-1969.
Korney Chukovsky. Collected works in 15 volumes. M., Terra - Book Club", 2008.

Selected Quotes

My phone rang.
- Who's talking?
- Elephant.
- Where?
- From a camel... - PHONE

I need to wash my face
In the mornings and evenings,
And to unclean chimney sweeps -
Shame and disgrace! Shame and disgrace!.. - MOIDODYR

Little children! Not for the world

In Africa there are sharks, in Africa there are gorillas,
There are big angry crocodiles in Africa
They will bite you, beat you and offend you, -
Don't go for a walk in Africa, children!
In Africa there is a robber, in Africa there is a villain,
In Africa there is a terrible Barmaley... - BARMALEY

Gained fame children's poet Korney Chukovsky has long been one of the most underrated writers of the Silver Age. Contrary to popular belief, the creator's genius was manifested not only in poems and fairy tales, but also in critical articles.

Due to the unostentatious specificity of his creativity, the state throughout the writer’s life tried to discredit his works in the eyes of the public. Numerous research papers allowed us to look at the famous artist “with different eyes.” Now the works of the publicist are read by both people of the “old school” and young people.

Childhood and youth

Nikolai Korneychukov (the poet’s real name) was born on March 31, 1882 in the northern capital of Russia - the city of St. Petersburg. Mother Ekaterina Osipovna, being a servant in the house of the eminent doctor Solomon Levenson, entered into a vicious relationship with his son Emmanuel. In 1799, the woman gave birth to a daughter, Maria, and three years later gave birth to common-law husband heir to Nicholas.

Despite the fact that the relationship between the scion of a noble family and a peasant woman looked like a blatant misalliance in the eyes of society at that time, they lived together for seven years. The poet’s grandfather, who did not want to become related to a commoner, in 1885, without explaining the reason, put his daughter-in-law out into the street with two babies in her arms. Since Catherine could not afford separate housing, she and her son and daughter went to stay with relatives in Odessa. Much later, in the autobiographical story “The Silver Coat of Arms,” the poet admits that southern city never became his family.

The writer's childhood years were spent in an atmosphere of devastation and poverty. The publicist's mother worked in shifts either as a seamstress or as a laundress, but there was a catastrophic lack of money. In 1887, the world saw the “Circular about Cook’s Children.” In it, the Minister of Education I.D. Delyanov recommended that the directors of the gymnasiums accept into the ranks of students only those children whose origin did not raise questions. Due to the fact that Chukovsky did not fit this “definition”, in the 5th grade he was expelled from the privileged educational institution.

In order not to idle around and benefit the family, the young man took on any job. Among the roles that Kolya tried on himself were a newspaper delivery man, a roof cleaner, and a poster paster. During that period, the young man began to be interested in literature. He read adventure novels, studied works, and in the evenings he recited poetry to the sound of the surf.

Among other things, his phenomenal memory allowed the young man to learn English language so that he translated texts from the sheet without stuttering even once. At that time, Chukovsky did not yet know that Ohlendorf’s tutorial was missing pages on which the principle was described in detail correct pronunciation. Therefore, when Nikolai visited England years later, the fact that the local residents practically did not understand him incredibly surprised the publicist.

Journalism

In 1901, inspired by the works of his favorite authors, Korney wrote a philosophical opus. The poet’s friend Vladimir Zhabotinsky, having read the work from cover to cover, took it to the Odessa News newspaper, thereby laying the foundation for a 70-year literary career Chukovsky. For the first publication, the poet received 7 rubles. Using considerable money for those times, the young man bought himself presentable-looking pants and a shirt.

After two years of working at the newspaper, Nikolai was sent to London as a correspondent for Odessa News. For a year he wrote articles, studied foreign literature and even copied catalogs in the museum. During the trip, eighty-nine works by Chukovsky were published.

The writer fell in love with British aestheticism so much that many, many years later he translated Whitman’s works into Russian, and also became the editor of the first four-volume work, which in the blink of an eye acquired the status reference book in all literature-loving families.

In March 1905, the writer moved from sunny Odessa to rainy St. Petersburg. There, the young journalist quickly finds a job: he gets a job as a correspondent for the newspaper " Theater Russia", where in each issue his reports on the performances he watched and the books he read are published.

A subsidy from singer Leonid Sobinov helped Chukovsky publish the Signal magazine. The publication published exclusively political satire, and among the authors were even Teffi. Chukovsky was arrested for his ambiguous cartoons and anti-government works. The eminent lawyer Gruzenberg managed to achieve an acquittal and, nine days later, free the writer from prison.

Next, the publicist collaborated with the magazines “Scales” and “Niva”, as well as with the newspaper “Rech”, where Nikolai published critical essays about modern writers. Later, these works were scattered in books: “Faces and Masks” (1914), “Futurists” (1922), “From to the Present Day” (1908).

In the autumn of 1906, the writer’s place of residence became a dacha in Kuokkala (the shore of the Gulf of Finland). There the writer was lucky enough to meet an artist, poets and... Chukovsky later spoke about cultural figures in his memoirs “Repin. . Mayakovsky. . Memories" (1940).

The humorous handwritten almanac “Chukokkala”, published in 1979, was also collected here, where they left their creative autographs, and. At the invitation of the government in 1916, Chukovsky, as part of a delegation of Russian journalists, again went on a business trip to England.

Literature

In 1917, Nikolai returned to St. Petersburg, where, accepting the offer of Maxim Gorky, he took over the post of head of the children's department of the Parus publishing house. Chukovsky tried on the role of a storyteller while working on the anthology “Firebird”. Then he revealed to the world a new facet of his literary genius, having written "Chicken Little", "Kingdom of the Dogs" and "Doctors".

Gorky saw enormous potential in his colleague’s fairy tales and suggested that Korney “try his luck” and create another work for the children’s supplement of the Niva magazine. The writer was worried that he would not be able to release a useful product, but inspiration found the creator itself. This was on the eve of the revolution.

Then the publicist was returning from his dacha to St. Petersburg with his sick son Kolya. In order to distract his beloved child from attacks of illness, the poet began to invent a fairy tale on the fly. There was no time to develop the characters and plot.

The whole bet was on the quickest alternation of images and events, so that the boy would not have time to moan or cry. This is how the work “Crocodile”, published in 1917, was born.

After October Revolution Chukovsky travels around the country giving lectures and collaborates with various publishing houses. In the 20-30s, Korney wrote the works “Moidodyr” and “Cockroach”, and also adapted texts folk songs For children's reading, releasing the collections “Red and Red” and “Skok-skok”. The poet published ten poetic fairy tales one after another: “Fly-Tsokotukha”, “Miracle Tree”, “Confusion”, “What Mura Did”, “Barmaley”, “Telephone”, “Fedorino’s Grief”, “Aibolit”, “The Stolen Sun”, “Toptygin and the Fox”.

Korney ran around the publishing houses, never leaving his proofs for a second, and followed every line printed. Chukovsky’s works were published in the magazines “New Robinson”, “Hedgehog”, “Koster”, “Chizh” and “Sparrow”. For the classic, everything worked out in such a way that at some point the writer himself believed that fairy tales were his calling.

Everything changed after critical article, in which a revolutionary woman who had no children called the creator’s works “bourgeois dregs” and argued that Chukovsky’s works concealed not only an anti-political message, but also false ideals.

After that secret meaning were seen in all the works of the writer: in “Mukha-Tsokotukha” the author popularized Komarik’s individualism and Mukha’s frivolity, in the fairy tale “Fedorino’s Grief” he glorified petty-bourgeois values, in “Moidodyr” he purposefully did not voice the importance of the leadership role communist party, and in the main character of “Cockroach” the censors even saw a caricature image.

The persecution brought Chukovsky to extreme despair. Korney himself began to believe that no one needed his fairy tales. In December 1929, the Literaturnaya Gazeta published a letter from the poet, in which he, renouncing his old works, promised to change the direction of his work by writing a collection of poems, “The Cheerful Collective Farm.” However, the work never came from his pen.

The wartime tale “Let’s Defeat Barmaley” (1943) was included in an anthology of Soviet poetry, and then crossed out from there by Stalin personally. Chukovsky wrote another work, “The Adventures of Bibigon” (1945). The story was published in Murzilka, recited on the radio, and then, calling it “ideologically harmful,” it was banned from reading.

Tired of fighting with critics and censors, the writer returned to journalism. In 1962, he wrote the book “Alive as Life,” in which he described the “diseases” that affected the Russian language. We should not forget that the publicist who studied creativity published full meeting works of Nikolai Alekseevich.

Chukovsky was a storyteller not only in literature, but also in life. He repeatedly committed actions that his contemporaries, due to their cowardice, were not capable of. In 1961, the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” fell into his hands. Having become its first reviewer, Chukovsky and Tvardovsky convinced him to publish this work. When Alexander Isaevich became persona non grata, it was Korney who hid him from the authorities at his second dacha in Peredelkino.

In 1964, the trial began. Korney, together with, are one of the few who were not afraid to write a letter to the Central Committee asking for the release of the poet. Literary heritage The writer has been preserved not only in books, but also in cartoons.

Personal life

From the first and only wife Chukovsky met at the age of 18. Maria Borisovna was the daughter of accountant Aron-Ber Ruvimovich Goldfeld and housewife Tuba (Tauba). The noble family never approved of Korney Ivanovich. At one time, the lovers even planned to escape from Odessa, which they both hated, to the Caucasus. Despite the fact that the escape never took place, the couple got married in May 1903.

Many Odessa journalists came to the wedding with flowers. True, Chukovsky did not need bouquets, but money. After the ceremony, the resourceful guy took off his hat and began to walk around the guests. Immediately after the celebration, the newlyweds left for England. Unlike Korney, Maria stayed there for a couple of months. Having learned that his wife was pregnant, the writer immediately sent her to her homeland.

On June 2, 1904, Chukovsky received a telegram that his wife had safely given birth to a son. That day, the feuilletonist gave himself a holiday and went to the circus. Upon returning to St. Petersburg, the wealth of knowledge and life experiences accumulated in London allowed Chukovsky to very quickly become a leading critic of St. Petersburg. Sasha Cherny, not without malice, called him Korney Belinsky. Just two years later, yesterday’s provincial journalist was on friendly terms with the entire literary and artistic elite.

While the artist traveled around the country giving lectures, his wife raised their children: Lydia, Nikolai and Boris. In 1920, Chukovsky became a father again. Daughter Maria, whom everyone called Murochka, became the heroine of many of the writer’s works. The girl died in 1931 from tuberculosis. 10 years later he died in the war youngest son Boris, and 14 years later, the publicist’s wife, Maria Chukovskaya, also passed away.

Death

Korney Ivanovich passed away at the age of 87 (October 28, 1969). The cause of death was viral hepatitis. The dacha in Peredelkino, where the poet lived in recent years, was turned into Chukovsky’s house-museum.

To this day, lovers of the writer’s work can see with their own eyes the place where the eminent artist created his masterpieces.

Bibliography

• “Sunny” (story, 1933);
• “Silver Coat of Arms” (story, 1933);
• “Chicken” (fairy tale, 1913);
• “Aibolit” (fairy tale, 1917);
• “Barmaley” (fairy tale, 1925);
• “Moidodyr” (fairy tale, 1923);
• “The Tsokotukha Fly” (fairy tale, 1924);
• “Let’s Defeat Barmaley” (fairy tale, 1943);
• “The Adventures of Bibigon” (fairy tale, 1945);
• “Confusion” (fairy tale, 1914);
• “The Kingdom of Dogs” (fairy tale, 1912);
• “Cockroach” (fairy tale, 1921);
• “Telephone” (fairy tale, 1924);
• “Toptygin and the Fox” (fairy tale, 1934);

Works of Chukovsky, famous to a wide circle readers - these are, first of all, poems and rhymed fairy tales for children. Not everyone knows that in addition to these creations, the writer has global works about his famous colleagues and other works. After reading them, you can understand which works of Chukovsky will become your favorite.

Origin

It is interesting that Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky is literary pseudonym. The real literary figure's name was Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov. He was born in St. Petersburg on March 19, 1882. His mother Ekaterina Osipovna, a peasant from the Poltava province, worked as a maid in the city of St. Petersburg. She was the illegitimate wife of Emmanuel Solomonovich Levinson. The couple first had a daughter, Maria, and three years later, a son, Nikolai, was born. But at that time they were not welcome, so in the end Levinson married a wealthy woman, and Ekaterina Osipovna and her children moved to Odessa.

Nikolai went to kindergarten, then to the gymnasium. But he couldn't finish it due to low

Prose for adults

The writer's literary activity began in 1901, when his articles were published in Odessa News. Chukovsky studied English, so the editors of this publication sent him to London. Returning to Odessa, he took whatever part he could in the 1905 revolution.

In 1907, Chukovsky translated the works of Walt Whitman. He translated books by Twain, Kipling, and Wilde into Russian. These works by Chukovsky were very popular.

He wrote books about Akhmatova, Mayakovsky, Blok. Since 1917, Chukovsky has been working on a monograph about Nekrasov. This is a long-term work that was published only in 1952.

Poems by a children's poet

It will help you find out what works by Chukovsky are for children, a list. These are short poems that kids learn in the first years of their lives and in elementary school:

• "Glutton";
• "Piglet";
• "The elephant is reading";
• "Hedgehogs laugh";
• "Zakalyaka";
• "Sandwich";
• "Fedotka";
• "Pigs";
• "Garden";
• "Turtle";
• "Song of Poor Boots";
• "Tadpoles";
• "Bebeka";
• "Camel"
• "Joy";
• "Great-great-great-grandchildren";
• "Christmas tree";
• "Fly in the Bath";
• "Chicken".

The list presented above will help you recognize Chukovsky’s short poetic works for children. If the reader wants to familiarize himself with the title, years of writing and summary fairy tales of a literary figure, then a list of them is below.

Works by Chukovsky for children - “Crocodile”, “Cockroach”, “Moidodyr”

In 1916, Korney Ivanovich wrote the fairy tale “Crocodile”; this poem was met with ambiguity. Thus, V. Lenin’s wife N. Krupskaya spoke critically of this work. Literary critic and writer Yuri Tynyanov, on the contrary, said that children's poetry has finally opened up. N. Btsky, writing a note in a Siberian pedagogical magazine, noted in it that children enthusiastically accept “Crocodile”. They constantly applaud these lines and listen with great delight. You can see how sorry they are to part with this book and its characters.

Chukovsky's works for children include, of course, The Cockroach. The fairy tale was written by the author in 1921. At the same time, Korney Ivanovich came up with “Moidodyra”. As he himself said, he composed these tales in literally 2-3 days, but he had nowhere to print them. Then he proposed to found a periodical children's publication and call it “Rainbow”. These two were published there famous works Chukovsky.

"Miracle Tree"

In 1924, Korney Ivanovich wrote “The Miracle Tree”. At that time, many lived poorly; the desire to dress beautifully was only a dream. Chukovsky embodied them in his work. The miracle tree does not grow leaves or flowers, but shoes, boots, slippers, and stockings. In those days, children did not yet have tights, so they wore cotton stockings, which were attached to special pendants.

In this poem, as in some others, the writer talks about Murochka. This was his beloved daughter, she died at the age of 11, contracting tuberculosis. In this poem he writes that little knitted shoes were torn off for Murochka blue color with pom-poms, describes what exactly their parents took from the tree for the children.

Now there really is such a tree. But they don’t tear objects off him, they hang him. It was decorated through the efforts of fans of the beloved writer and is located near his house-museum. In memory of the fairy tale of the famous writer, the tree is decorated various items clothes, shoes, ribbons.

“The clattering fly” is a fairy tale that the writer created, rejoicing and dancing

The year 1924 was marked by the creation of the “Tsokotukha Fly”. In his memoirs, the author shares interesting moments that occurred during the writing of this masterpiece. On a clear, hot day on August 29, 1923, Chukovsky was overcome with immense joy; he felt with all his heart how beautiful the world was and how good it was to live in it. The lines began to appear on their own. He took a pencil and a piece of paper and quickly began scribbling lines.

Describing the wedding of a fly, the author felt like a groom at this event. Once before he tried to describe this fragment, but couldn’t write more than two lines. On this day inspiration came. When he couldn't find any more paper, he simply tore off a piece of wallpaper in the hallway and quickly wrote on it. When the author began to talk in poetry about the wedding dance of a fly, he began to write and dance at the same time. Korney Ivanovich says that if anyone had seen a 42-year-old man running around in a shamanic dance, shouting out words, and immediately writing them down on a dusty strip of wallpaper, he would have suspected something was wrong. With the same ease, he completed the work. As soon as it was finished, the poet turned into a tired and hungry man who had recently arrived in the city from his dacha.

Other works of the poet for young audiences

Chukovsky says that when creating for children, it is necessary, at least for a while, to turn into these little people to whom the lines are addressed. Then comes a passionate elation and inspiration.

Other works by Korney Chukovsky were created in the same way - “Confusion” (1926) and “Barmaley” (1926). At these moments, the poet experienced a “heartbeat of childish joy” and happily wrote down the rhymed lines that quickly appeared in his head on paper.

Other works did not come so easily to Chukovsky. As he himself admitted, they arose precisely at the moments when his subconscious returned to childhood, but they were created as a result of hard and long work.

Thus he wrote “Fedorino’s Mountain” (1926), “Telephone” (1926). The first fairy tale teaches children to be neat and shows what laziness and unwillingness to keep your home clean lead to. Excerpts from “Telephone” are easy to remember. Even a three-year-old child can easily repeat them after their parents. Here are some useful and interesting works Chukovsky, the list can be continued with fairy tales “The Stolen Sun”, “Aibolit” and other works of the author.

“Stolen Sun”, stories about Aibolit and other heroes

“The Stolen Sun” Korney Ivanovich wrote in 1927. The plot tells that the crocodile swallowed the sun and therefore everything around was plunged into darkness. Because of this, various incidents began to occur. The animals were afraid of the crocodile and did not know how to take the sun from him. For this, a bear was called, who showed miracles of fearlessness and, together with other animals, was able to return the luminary to its place.

“Aibolit”, created by Korney Ivanovich in 1929, also talks about a brave hero - a doctor who was not afraid to go to Africa to help animals. Less known are other children's works by Chukovsky, which were written in subsequent years - these are “English Folk Songs”, “Aibolit and the Sparrow”, “Toptygin and the Fox”.

In 1942, Korney Ivanovich composed the fairy tale “Let’s Defeat Barmaley!” With this work the author ends his stories about the robber. In 1945-46, the author created “The Adventure of Bibigon”. The writer again glorifies the brave hero, who is not afraid to fight evil characters who are several times larger than him.

The works of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky teach children kindness, fearlessness, and accuracy. They celebrate friendship and kind heart heroes.

Chukovsky, Korney Ivanovich- Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. CHUKOVSKY Korney Ivanovich (real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (1882 1969), Russian writer. Works for children in poetry and prose (“Moidodyr”, “Cockroach”, “Aibolit”, etc.) are constructed in the form... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (real name and surname Nikolai Vasilievich Korneychukov), Russian Soviet writer, critic, literary critic, translator. Doctor philological sciences(1957). Was expelled from the 5th grade of Odessa... ... Big Soviet encyclopedia

- (real name and last name Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (1882 1969) Russian writer, literary critic, Doctor of Philology. Works for children in verse and prose (Moidodyr, Cockroach, Aibolit, etc.) are constructed in the form of a comic action story... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (1882 1969), writer, critic, literary historian. Born in St. Petersburg, his childhood years were spent in Odessa. From August 1905 he lived in St. Petersburg at 5 Akademichesky Lane, from 1906 to... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

- (03/19/1882, St. Petersburg 10/28/1969, Moscow), writer, critic, literary critic. Laureate of the Lenin Prize for literary critical activity; Awarded the Order of Lenin and other orders and medals. He graduated from six classes of the gymnasium. Writer, poet... Encyclopedia of Cinema

Real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov (1882 1969), Russian writer, literary critic, Doctor of Philology (1961). At the beginning of the 20th century. caustic, witty articles about Russian literature. IN popular works for children in... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (born 1882; pseudonym of N. I. Kornichuk) literary critic, children's writer. Ch. acted during the years of reaction after 1905 as an influential critic and feuilletonist, an exponent of the ideology of the liberal intelligentsia. Collaborated in the magazines "Russian Thought",... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Korney Chukovsky Birth name: Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov Date of birth: March 19 (31), 1882 (18820331) Place of birth: Saint Petersburg... Wikipedia

- (real name and surname Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (1882, St. Petersburg 1969, Moscow), writer, literary critic, translator, Doctor of Philology (1957). Self-taught high level education; mastered it perfectly... Moscow (encyclopedia)

CHUKOVSKY Korney Ivanovich- (real name and last name Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov) (18821969), Russian Soviet writer, literary critic. Fairy tales for children in verse “Crocodile” (1917), “Moidodyr”, “Cockroach” (both 1923), “The Cluttering Fly”, “Miracle Tree” (both ... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary

Books

• Korney Chukovsky. Fairy tales in verse, Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich. K.I. Chukovsky wrote his first fairy tale in verse for his children. And then new and new fairy tales began to appear. All the kids were already waiting for them. And then these wonderful tales Kids started reading everything...
• Korney Chukovsky. Fairy tales, songs, poems, Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich. The book includes well-known, beloved by readers different generations poems, songs and fairy tales by K. I. Chukovsky. ISBN:978-5-378-08289-6…

The biography of Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich is replete interesting events. Nikolai Korneychukov March 19 (31 according to the new style) 1882 in St. Petersburg. His mother, a peasant woman Ekaterina Osipovna Korneychukova, met the future father of her children (Nikolai also had a sister, Marusya), when she got a job in the house of her future cohabitant to work as a servant. Emmanuel Solomonovich Levenson, the father of Nikolai and Marusya, bore the title of hereditary honorary citizen and the peasant woman could not make a worthy match for him.

They lived together for at least three years, gave birth to two children, who, as illegitimate children, did not have a middle name, so in documents before the 1917 revolution, the children had different middle names. Nikolai has Vasilyevich, his sister Maria has Emmanuilovna. Subsequently, their father married a woman from his circle and moved to live in Baku, and Ekaterina Osipovna moved to Odessa.

Nikolai spent his entire childhood in Ukraine - in the Odessa and Nikolaev regions.

When Nikolai was five years old, he was sent to Madame Bekhteeva’s kindergarten, about which he later wrote that the children there marched to music and drew pictures. In kindergarten, he met Vladimir Jabotinsky, the future hero of Israel. In elementary school, Nikolai became friends with Boris Zhitkov, a future children's writer and traveler. At school, however, Chukovsky studied only until the 5th grade. Then he was expelled from the educational institution due to his “low origins.”

The beginning of creative activity

At first, Chukovsky worked as a journalist, and since 1901 he wrote articles for Odessa News. Having learned English on his own, Nikolai got a job as a correspondent in London - he wrote for Odessa News.

He lived in London for two years with his wife, Maria Borisovna Goldfeld, then returned to Odessa.

And yet, Chukovsky’s biography as a writer began much later, when he moved from Odessa to the Finnish town of Kuokkala, where he met the artist Ilya Repin, who convinced Chukovsky to take up literature seriously.

While still in London, Chukovsky became seriously interested in English literature - he read Thackeray, Dickens, and Bronte in the original. Subsequently, W. Whitman's literary translations helped Chukovsky gain a name for himself and achieve recognition in the literary community.

After the revolution, the pseudonym Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky became the real name of the writer. Korney Ivanovich writes a book of memoirs “Distant Close” and begins to publish his own almanac “Chukokkala” - a kind of mixture of the name of the place Kuokkala and the surname Chukovsky. Chukovsky published this almanac until the end of his life.

Children's literature

But the most important thing in creative destiny the writer becomes not translations and not literary criticism, and children's literature. Chukovsky began writing for children quite late, already when he was a famous literary scholar and critic. In 1916, he published the first collection for young readers called “Yelka”.

Later, in 1923, “Moidodyr” and “Cockroach” appeared from his pen, with a brief summary of which all children in the post-Soviet space are probably familiar. Chukovsky's work is also studied in modern school- in 2nd grade, and now it’s even difficult to imagine that at one time Aibolit, Mukha-Tsokotukha and Moidodyr were subjected to severe criticism and mercilessly ridiculed. Critics considered the works tasteless and devoid of correct Soviet ideology. But now they won’t write about this either in the preface to the writer’s books or in a brief biography of Chukovsky for children, these accusations brought by critics against the children’s author now seem so absurd.

Chukovsky translated the works of R. Kipling and M. Twain into Russian for children, and retold “The Bible for Children.”

Other biography options

• It is interesting that Chukovsky founded an entire literary dynasty. His son Nikolai Korneevich Chukovsky and daughter Lidiya Korneevna Chukovskaya also became famous writers. Nikolai wrote briefly literary memoirs about poets and writers Silver Age, who were included in his father’s house, and Lydia became a dissident writer.
• The writer’s second son, Boris Korneevich, died at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War at the front.
• It is known that Chukovsky was friendly with