What is cambium in plants? Cambium - what is it? Location, role and main functions. Dictionary of medical terms

What is cambium? This is a group of meristem cells that are parallel to each other and wrap around the stem of the plant; in addition, they give rise to secondary xylem and phloem. Simply put, they are the equivalent of human stem cells, which can develop into any plant cell - from basic structural cells to new organs.

Vital parts of the plant

What is cambium in biology?

Active layer

The main functions of the cambium

Lifespan of cambium

Cell division

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Meaning of the word cambium

cambium in the crossword dictionary

Dictionary of medical terms

cambium (cambium; lat. cambio to change)

a set of poorly differentiated cells in the composition of any tissue, due to the reproduction of which its cellular composition is renewed under conditions of physiological and reparative regeneration.

New explanatory and word-formative dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

cambium

m. Educational tissue in stems and roots (usually dicotyledons and gymnosperms), ensuring their growth in thickness.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

cambium

CAMBIUM (from Latin cambium - exchange, change) educational tissue in the stems and roots of mainly dicotyledonous and gymnosperm plants, giving rise to secondary conducting tissues and ensuring their growth in thickness. Seasonal changes in the activity of the cambium determine the formation of annual wood rings.

Cambium

(from Late Latin cambium ≈ exchange, change), educational tissue (meristem) in the roots and stems of mainly dicotyledonous and gymnosperm plants. K. is located in a single-row cylindrical layer (in a cross section, in the form of a ring). As a result of K.'s activity, the axial organs increase in thickness. It forms secondary phloem (bast) on the outside and secondary xylem (wood) on the inside. K. arises from procambium cells lying between the primary phloem and xylem. The pericycle is of great importance in the formation of soil in roots. There is no K in the leaves, but if it is present, then its activity dies out early. The shape of K. prosenchymal cells is elongated-pointed (beveled at the ends), tabular, located along the length of the organ ( rice. 1). The cell walls of cells are soft, cellulose, and have primary pore fields with plasmodesmata. K.'s cells divide, changing into bast cells (outside from the K.) or wood (inside from the K.) ( rice. 2). Typically, several times more wood is produced than bast. As a result of the division of some cells, small cells are formed: these are bast-wood rays ( rice. 3), producing the bast part in one direction and the wood part in the other. In autumn and winter, K. activity ceases (in temperate latitudes). The frequency of K.'s activity causes the formation of growth rings. Depending on the nature of cell division, cells are distinguished between tiered and non-tiered cells.

In some dicotyledons (for example, beets), additional layers of cells are formed successively in rings towards the periphery in the stems and roots (polycambiality). For K., which forms a plug, see Phellogen, Periderm.

O. N. Chistyakova.

Wikipedia

Cambium

Cambium- educational tissue in the stems and roots of mainly dicotyledonous and gymnosperm plants, giving rise to secondary conducting tissues and ensuring their growth in thickness. Seasonal changes in the activity of the cambium determine the formation of annual wood rings. Cambirform arises from procambium cells or spindle-shaped cambium cells.

Examples of the use of the word cambium in literature.

In winter, new cells are no longer formed, but with the onset of spring cambium generates a new layer of spring, wide and thin-walled tracheids.

In the spring from cambium Wide, thin-walled elements are formed, especially suitable for upward movement of large quantities of water.

The first vessels formed from pro cambium, have long segments, while the vessels formed later from cambium, when the growth of organs in length has already ended, they are composed of much shorter segments.

These are all young cell membranes, even the cell membranes of meristems, cambium, cambiform, sieve tubes, collenchyma, many parenchymal tissues, protein cells in the seeds of some palm trees and other plants, cotton seed hairs, etc.

Efremova's Dictionary

Cambium

m.
Educational tissue in stems and roots (usually dicotyledons and gymnosperms
plants) ensuring their growth in thickness.

Encyclopedic Dictionary

Cambium

(from Latin cambium - exchange, change), educational tissue in the stems and roots of mainly dicotyledonous and gymnosperm plants, giving rise to secondary conducting tissues and ensuring their growth in thickness. Seasonal changes in the activity of the cambium determine the formation of annual wood rings.

Explanatory agricultural dictionary

Cambium

1) educational tissue, from actively dividing cells, which, as a result of differentiation, forms various tissues. Usually located under the layer of cortical cells.

2) secondary educational tissue, consisting of dividing cells and located between the bark and wood; Due to the cambium, the axial organs increase in thickness.

Encyclopedia "Biology"

Cambium

A layer of educational tissue cells (meristem) in the stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledonous plants, ensuring their growth in thickness. If apical meristems form primary tissues, then the cambium gives rise to secondary conducting tissues - secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (bast). Due to seasonal changes in the activity of the cambium, trees form annual rings.

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Cambium

(botan.) - educational layer, a layer of active cells that lies on the border between wood and bast and gives rise to them. He comes from procambia- the original tissue of vascular bundles, which in turn arises from cells primary educational tissue, primordial tissue, or else primary meristem. At first, the K. stripe is present only in vascular bundles (open bundles - they alone have a cambium). This is K. fasciculata. Then layers of fibers are formed between the bundles, in the core rays (interfascicular, or radial, fibers). These layers connect the cambial bands of the bundles to each other. Thus, a continuous whole is obtained cambial ring [A ring in a cross-section of a tree] running parallel to the circle. K. interfascicular forms new vascular bundles in the spaces between the old ones, or the entire ring functions uniformly, generating new masses of wood and bast every year. In the winter, K.'s activity stops, and with it the growth of the tree in thickness. Cambial cells are usually elongated in length, have the appearance of rectangular 4-sided prisms with a radial diameter smaller than the tangential one, and with ends beveled like a single- or gable roof. Inside the cell there is densely granular plasma and a distinct fusiform nucleus, elongated along the longitudinal axis of the cell; sometimes also chlorophyll, and in winter small grains of starch. The cell membrane is non-lignified, tender and thin, only thickening its radial walls in winter. Cells with the properties just described form several concentric layers adjacent to each other. However, only one of these layers is accepted as real K., the rest are considered the youngest wood and bast. Thus, in each radial row of cells there is only one true cambial cell, as it is called. initial cell. It is divided longitudinally in half by a tangential partition [Hence, it can be taken, parallel to the surface of the stem] into two cells, of which one retains the properties of the cell that produced it (mother) and, above all, the ability to divide again - it becomes a new initial cell, the other cell divides again ( again in the tangential plane), turning into a pair of “permanent” cells, moreover, bast ones if they lie outside the initial cell, wood ones if they lie inside. The result of repeated divisions of the initial cell is a regular radial row of wood and bast cells. Wood cells are deposited towards the center of the stem, bast cells - towards the periphery. In wood and bast, the youngest parts lie closest to the K; therefore, the youngest part of wood is the outer part, while bast, on the contrary, is the inner part. The expansion of the cambial ring itself occurs due to the division of cells by radial septa. Regarding terms and so on. see Woody Plants and Wood for references.

What is cambium? This is a group of meristem cells that are parallel to each other and wrap around the stem of the plant; in addition, they give rise to secondary xylem and phloem. Simply put, they are the equivalent of human stem cells, which can develop into any plant cell - from basic structural cells to new organs.

Vital parts of the plant

Secondary cells are cells that develop after primary growth. Xylem is a very important organelle, it transports water and some nutrients from the soil to other parts of the plant. They are often thought of as a nonliving structural part of the plant, but they are vital. Phloem conducts organic matter such as sugar for use in energy production. The phloem is a living network of cells on the outer part of the stem, while the xylem is located closer to the center.

What is cambium in biology?

The main job of the cambium is to promote the growth of secondary xylem and phloem. What is cambium? Where is it located? This is a thin membrane located just under the bark, directly between the primary xylem and phloem in the circular layer of the plant. The vascular cambium runs laterally down the stem and transports nutrients in addition to producing phloem and xylem.

Active layer

The cambium is a layer of actively dividing cells between the xylem and phloem tissues that are responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots. Emerging from undifferentiated cells that retained their embryonic potential, it also plays an important role. The cambium can also form masses of cells in callus tissue over the damaged surface of the wound, leading to healing.

The main functions of the cambium

Increase in stem diameter due to the production of xylem and phloem layers in woody plants.

Creating favorable conditions for secondary growth of roots and stems.

In some plants, the cambium acts as a healing agent.

Lifespan of cambium

The functioning of this layer varies depending on the plant species. For example, in perennial trees and woody plants it can live as long as the plant itself is alive. The cambium is a thin layer of generative tissue that is found between the bark and wood of the stem. In herbaceous plants this layer is almost inactive, and in monocots it is completely absent.

Cell division

The cambium is a layer of cells that divide polarly. This means that wood is formed on the inside, and bark on the outside. These processes do not occur proportionally. The outer layer, as a rule, is formed many times less than the inner one. Not all cells can divide; this is characteristic only of cells of a certain type in the cambial ring; they are called initial. As a result, growth occurs in the internal and external directions.

Cambium is an educational tissue not only in stems, but also in roots. Its main function is the formation of new cells. Thanks to this important layer, the root and stem grow in thickness. Trees grow taller, overtaking each other to capture sunlight and further convert the sun's energy into food. The expansion of their girth provides sufficient structural support in the fight for sunlight. Growth strategies have been refined over millions of years. By understanding how trees grow, we can properly care for and heal them, rather than treating them like lifeless pillars that provide oxygen and countless other wonderful environmental benefits to humanity.

CAMBIUM CAMBIUM

(from Late Latin cambium - exchange, change), a single-row layer of educational tissue cells, due to which secondary thickening of the stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledonous plants occurs. Tufted cells separate inwards from themselves, cells that differentiate into elements of secondary xylem (wood), and outwards from cells that differentiate into elements of secondary phloem (bast). Cells so-called interfascicular cells are formed by parenchyma cells of the rays that separate the vascular bundles. In plants with active secondary thickening, K cells are of two types: long, fusiform, and short, collected in longitudinal strands that form bast wood rays. K. called tiered if, in longitudinal sections, the ends of the spindle-shaped cells are at the same level, and non-tiered if they are arranged randomly. (see STEM) fig. at Art.

.(Source: “Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary.” Editor-in-chief M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial Board: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected . - M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.)

A layer of educational tissue cells (meristem) in the stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledonous plants, ensuring their growth in thickness. If apical meristems form primary tissues, then the cambium gives rise to secondary conducting tissues - secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (bast). Due to seasonal changes in the activity of the cambium, trees form tree rings.

.(Source: “Biology. Modern illustrated encyclopedia.” Chief editor A. P. Gorkin; M.: Rosman, 2006.)

See what "CAMBY" is in other dictionaries:

The part in the stem of a plant between the wood and the phloem. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. CAMBIUM is a formative tissue, a layer of cells in plants between wood and phloem, the elements of which are formed from... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

CAMBIUM, a layer of cells parallel to the surface of the stems and roots of plants, in which division occurs to produce new cells, which leads to an increase in the diameter of the stems and roots. If a plant cell changes, it can no longer... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

cambium- Secondary educational tissue in plant organs, forming bast and wood cells. [GOST R 52681 2006] cambium Active, dividing layer, which in a living tree forms phloem cells on the outside and wood cells on the inside... Technical Translator's Guide

- (from Latin cambium exchange change), educational tissue in the stems and roots of mainly dicotyledonous and gymnosperm plants, giving rise to secondary conducting tissues and ensuring their growth in thickness. Seasonal changes in cambium activity... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Noun, number of synonyms: 2 cell (126) layer (111) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Dictionary of synonyms

- (from Late Lat. cambium exchange, change) educational tissue (meristem) in the roots and stems of mainly dicotyledonous and gymnosperm plants. K. is located in a single-row cylindrical layer (on a cross section in the form of a ring). As a result... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

cambium- secondary lateral meristem, as a result of the activity of which secondary phloem and xylem, as well as parenchyma are formed (see Fig. Structure of a tree trunk: 1 - bark; 2 - phloem; 3 - cambium; 4, 5 - wood (4 - sapwood, 5 - heartwood); ... Anatomy and morphology of plants

- (botanical) educational layer, a layer of active cells that lies on the border between wood and bast and gives rise to them. It comes from the procambium of the ancestral tissue of the vascular bundles, which in turn arises from the cells of the primary... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

I; m. [from lat. cambium exchange, change] Nerd. Educational tissue in the stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledonous plants, located between the bast and wood, due to which cells grow in thickness. ◁ Cambial, oh, oh. K. layer. TO … Encyclopedic Dictionary

Woody stem in section. Cambium is visible (lat. vascular cambium) Cambium (from lat. ... Wikipedia