Exercise shipwreck. Business game "shipwreck"

Castaways Purpose: The exercise is used to explore the group's decision-making process; teaches effective behavior to achieve agreement when solving a group problem; provides information regarding patterns of communication, leadership, and dominance in a group and can contribute to the cohesion of group members (Pfeiffor & Jones, 1975, p). Time required: 1.5 hours. Materials: Copies of instructions, large sheets of paper and pencils. Preparation: The leader must have skills in group process research. Procedure: Each group member is given the following instructions and asked to complete the task within 15 minutes.

Castaways You are adrift on a yacht in the southern part Pacific Ocean. As a result of a fire on board most of the yacht and its cargo were destroyed. The yacht is slowly sinking. Your location is unclear due to the failure of your primary navigational instruments, but you are approximately a thousand miles southwest of the nearest land.

When people interact in difficult conditions joint activities there is a need to move from individual thinking to group thinking. Comparison of the results of group and individual thinking is not always in favor of group thinking, although it would seem that an increase in the amount of mental effort should lead to a corresponding increase. Available experimental results have shown that different shapes intellectual activity, especially complex ones, deteriorate even in cases of the simple presence of other people. Obviously, socio-psychological laws such as conformism, adaptation to the standards accepted in the group, and a decrease in the individual contribution of each person begin to operate in groups. overall result activity with increasing group size (Ringelmann's law). However, collective mental actions are a reality, and with a free discussion of the results, the absence of fear of punishment and tension, the equal status of all participants in the discussion, it is possible not only to increase group results compared to individual ones (remember the Russian proverb A good mind, but two are better), but also the formulation of new hypotheses and principles for solving various problems. The brainstorming method is based on meeting precisely these conditions, and it is actively used in modern business technologies. In the proposed Shipwreck technique (Kjell Rudestam, 1994), subjects must evaluate the advantages of individual or group thinking when solving the same problem and analyze their own behavior, for example, the degree of activity in defending their point of view, emotional reactions, speed of solution.

Below is a list of 15 items that remained intact and undamaged after the fire. In addition to these items, you have a durable inflatable life raft with oars large enough to support you, the crew, and all of the items listed below. The survivors' possessions consist of a pack of cigarettes, several boxes of matches, and five one-dollar bills... Your task is to classify the 15 items listed below according to their survival value. Place number 1 on the most important item, number 2 on the second most important item, and so on until the fifteenth item is least important to you.

Sextant Shaving mirror Canister of water Mosquito net One box of army rations Map of the Pacific Ocean. Inflatable cushion (floatation device). Two-gallon (approx. 9 liters) canister of oil and gas mixture. Small transistor radio Shark repellent Twenty square meters of opaque plastic One bottle of 80 proof rum. Fifteen meters of nylon rope Two boxes of chocolate Fishing net

Once the individual classification is completed, the group is given 45 minutes to complete the overall task. This is a group decision making exercise. Your group, guided by the principle of reaching consensus when making joint decision, must reach a consensus on the place in the classification of each of the fifteen items before it becomes part of the group decision. Consensus is difficult to achieve, so not every assessment will receive the full approval of all participants. The group tries to give each assessment in such a way that all group members can agree with it at least in part. Use the following guidelines to reach agreement:

1. Avoid defending your individual judgments. Approach the task logically. 2. Avoid changing your mind just to achieve agreement; do not try to avoid conflict. Only support decisions with which you can at least partially agree. 3. Avoid such methods of “conflict reduction” as voting, compromise decisions in order to achieve agreement when solving a group problem. 4. View differences of opinion as a help, not a hindrance, when making decisions.

According to experts, the main things a person needs when shipwrecked on the ocean are items to attract attention and items to help one survive until rescuers arrive. Navigational aids have relatively small matter: Even if a small life raft is able to reach land, it is impossible to store enough food and water on it to survive during this period. Therefore, the most important ones are a shaving mirror and a canister of oil and gas mixture. These items can be used to alert air and sea rescuers. The second most important things are things like a canister of water and a box of army rations.

7. Fishing tackle. Rated lower than chocolate, because in this situation “a bird in the hand is better than a pie in the sky.” There is no guarantee that you will catch a fish.

When comparing these lists with the correct control answers, each subject determines the degree of his erroneous actions. To do this, the difference between the item number on the individual or group list and the checklist number is calculated. How more difference, the greater the cost of error. For example, if a subject puts the number 5 for the maps of the Pacific Ocean, considering them quite necessary, but on the checklist they are numbered 13, the cost of the error is 13-5 = 8 points. It is also calculated total amount points for both lists. If the sum is more than 60 points, the subjects are in danger of unsuccessful swimming.

Each subject evaluates the advantage of individual or group thinking, as well as, using the method of introspection, his behavior during the discussion. What behaviors helped or hindered the consensus process? What leadership patterns emerged? Who participated and who didn't? Who were the influences? Why? What was the atmosphere in the group during the discussion? Were the team's capabilities optimally used? What actions did the group members take to “pull through” their opinions? How to improve group decision making? Alternatively, one or more observers who do not participate in the group process can provide after the task is completed feedback about group or individual behavior.

Target: study the process of developing and making a group decision during communication and group discussion.

Carrying out the game

1st stage.

Familiarization of all participants with the terms of the game:

The facilitator gives the participants the following instructions: “Imagine you are drifting on a yacht in the South Pacific Ocean. As a result of the fire, most of the yacht and its cargo were destroyed. The yacht is slowly sinking. Your location is unclear due to the failure of the main navigation instruments, but you are approximately a thousand kilometers from the nearest land."

Below is a list of 15 items that remained intact and undamaged as a result of the fire. In addition to these items, you have a durable inflatable raft with oars large enough to support you, your crew, and all of the items listed below. The property of the survivors consists of a pack of cigarettes, several boxes of matches and 5 one-dollar bills. List of items:

Sectarian.

Shaving mirror.

Canister with 25 liters of water.

Mosquito net.

One box of army rations.

Maps of the Pacific Ocean.

Inflatable swimming pillow.

Canister with 10 liters of oil and gas mixture.

Small transistor radio.

Repellent that repels sharks.

Two square meters opaque film.

One liter of rum with 80% strength.

450 meters of nylon rope.

Two boxes of chocolate.

Fishing tackle.

2nd stage.

Ask each of the participants to independently rank the items listed in the application in terms of their importance for survival (put number 1 for the most important item for you, number 2 for the second most important, etc., number 15 will correspond to the least useful item) .

At this stage of the business game, discussions between participants are prohibited. Note the average individual time to complete the task.

3rd stage.

Divide the group into subgroups of about 6 people. Ask one participant from each subgroup to be the expert.

Invite each subgroup to create a group-wide ranking of items according to their degree of importance (as they did this separately).

At this stage, discussions regarding the development of a solution are allowed.

Note the average time to complete the task for each subgroup.

4th stage.

In each subgroup, a leader is selected who will defend the opinion of the group. An expert is selected for the leadership group. Leaders from subgroups are invited to the center of the circle and rank items in order of importance. Leaders discuss their decisions. There should be no hints from other players.

A). Listen to the experts' opinions about the course of the discussion and how the group decision was made, initial versions, the use of compelling reasons, arguments, etc. How actively and convincingly the leaders defended and defended the interests of their subgroup.

B). Read the “correct” list of answers proposed by UNESCO experts:

According to experts, the main things a person needs when shipwrecked on the ocean are items that serve to attract attention and items that help them survive until rescuers arrive. Navigation aids are of comparatively little importance: even if a small life raft is able to reach land, it is impossible to store enough water and food on it to survive during this period.

Therefore, the most important things for you are a shaving mirror and a canister of oil and gas mixture. These items can be used to alert air and sea rescuers.

The second most important things are things like a canister of water and a box of army rations.

The information given below obviously does not list everything possible ways application of a given item, but rather indicates what significance the given item has for survival.

Shaving mirror. Important for signaling to air and sea rescuers.

Canister with oil and gas mixture. Important for signaling. Can be lit with a banknote and a match and will float on the water, attracting attention.

Canister with water. Necessary to quench thirst.

Box with army rations. Provides basic food.

Opaque film. Used to collect rainwater and provide protection from bad weather.

Box of chocolate. Reserve food supply.

Fishing tackle. It is rated lower than chocolate, because in this situation a bird in the hand is better than a pie in the sky. There is no guarantee that you will catch a fish.

Nylon rope. Can be used to tie up equipment to prevent it from falling overboard.

Swimming pillow. A life-saving device in case someone falls overboard.

Repellent that repels sharks. The purpose is obvious.

Rum, 80% ABV. Contains 80% alcohol - enough to be used as an antiseptic, but otherwise of little value as consumption may cause dehydration.

Radio. Has little value since there is no transmitter.

Maps of the Pacific Ocean. Useless without additional navigation devices. It is more important for you to know not where you are, but where the rescuers are.

Mosquito net. There are no mosquitoes in the Pacific Ocean.

Sectarian. Without tables and a chronometer it is relatively useless. The main reason for the higher rating of signaling devices compared to life-sustaining items (food and water) is that without signaling devices there is almost no chance of being detected and rescued. Moreover, in most cases, rescuers arrive within the first 36 hours, and a person can live this period without food or water.

Questions:

1. Was it difficult for you to rank items?

2. Was it difficult to rank them as a group?

3. Did you have any difficulties assigning ranks to items?

4. Was it easy to convince the other guys?

Trainings. Psychocorrectional programs. Business games Team of authors

Business game"Shipwrecked"

Explanatory note

The business game “Shipwrecked” is intended for mastering and understanding instrumental tasks associated with building real activities, achieving a specific goal, and structuring a system business relations with other people.

This game allows you to develop goal-setting and activity planning skills; develop internal flexibility in developing and changing action plans; develop self-regulation skills in the process of achieving goals; develop social and personal criticism, the ability to relate one’s activities to the activities of other people.

Target:“Castwrecked”: explore the process of developing and making a group decision through communication and group discussion.

Time spending: about 1 hour.

Carrying out the game

1st stage.

Familiarization of all participants with the terms of the game:

The facilitator gives the participants the following instructions: “Imagine you are drifting on a yacht in the South Pacific Ocean. As a result of the fire, most of the yacht and its cargo were destroyed. The yacht is slowly sinking. Your location is unclear due to the failure of the main navigation instruments, but you are approximately a thousand kilometers from the nearest land."

Below is a list of 15 items that remained intact and undamaged as a result of the fire. In addition to these items, you have a durable inflatable raft with oars large enough to support you, your crew, and all of the items listed below. The property of the survivors consists of a pack of cigarettes, several boxes of matches and 5 one-dollar bills. List of items:

Sectarian.

Shaving mirror.

Canister with 25 liters of water.

Mosquito net.

One box of army rations.

Maps of the Pacific Ocean.

Inflatable swimming pillow.

Canister with 10 liters of oil and gas mixture.

Small transistor radio.

Repellent that repels sharks.

Two square meters of opaque film.

One liter of rum with 80% strength.

450 meters of nylon rope.

Two boxes of chocolate.

Fishing tackle.

2nd stage.

Ask each of the participants to independently rank the items listed in the application in terms of their importance for survival (put number 1 for the most important item for you, number 2 for the second most important, etc., number 15 will correspond to the least useful item) .

At this stage of the business game, discussions between participants are prohibited. Note the average individual time to complete the task.

3rd stage.

Divide the group into subgroups of about 6 people. Ask one participant from each subgroup to be the expert.

Invite each subgroup to create a group-wide ranking of items according to their degree of importance (as they did this separately).

At this stage, discussions regarding the development of a solution are allowed.

Note the average time to complete the task for each subgroup.

4th stage.

In each subgroup, a leader is selected who will defend the opinion of the group. An expert is selected for the leadership group. Leaders from subgroups are invited to the center of the circle and rank items in order of importance. Leaders discuss their decisions. There should be no hints from other players.

A). Listen to the experts' opinions about the course of the discussion and how the group decision was made, initial versions, the use of compelling reasons, arguments, etc. How actively and convincingly the leaders defended and defended the interests of their subgroup.

B). Read the “correct” list of answers proposed by UNESCO experts:

According to experts, the main things a person needs when shipwrecked on the ocean are items that serve to attract attention and items that help them survive until rescuers arrive. Navigation aids are of comparatively little importance: even if a small life raft is able to reach land, it is impossible to store enough water and food on it to survive during this period.

Therefore, the most important things for you are a shaving mirror and a canister of oil and gas mixture. These items can be used to alert air and sea rescuers.

The second most important things are things like a canister of water and a box of army rations.

The information given below obviously does not list all the possible uses of a given item, but rather indicates how important the item is for survival.

Shaving mirror. Important for signaling to air and sea rescuers.

Canister with oil and gas mixture. Important for signaling. Can be lit with a banknote and a match and will float on the water, attracting attention.

Canister with water. Necessary to quench thirst.

Box with army rations. Provides basic food.

Opaque film. Used to collect rainwater and provide protection from bad weather.

Box of chocolate. Reserve food supply.

Fishing tackle. It is rated lower than chocolate, because in this situation a bird in the hand is better than a pie in the sky. There is no guarantee that you will catch a fish.

Nylon rope. Can be used to tie up equipment to prevent it from falling overboard.

Swimming pillow. A life-saving device in case someone falls overboard.

Repellent that repels sharks. The purpose is obvious.

Rum, 80% ABV. Contains 80% alcohol - enough to be used as an antiseptic, but otherwise of little value as consumption may cause dehydration.

Radio. Has little value since there is no transmitter.

Maps of the Pacific Ocean. Useless without additional navigation devices. It is more important for you to know not where you are, but where the rescuers are.

Mosquito net. There are no mosquitoes in the Pacific Ocean.

Sectarian. Without tables and a chronometer it is relatively useless. The main reason for the higher rating of signaling devices compared to

life-sustaining items (food and water) is that without alarm systems there is almost no chance of being detected and rescued. Moreover, in most cases, rescuers arrive within the first 36 hours, and a person can live this period without food or water.

Offer to compare the “correct” answer, your own result and the group’s result: for each item on the list, you need to calculate the difference between the number that each participant, group assigned to it individually and the number assigned to this item by experts. Add up the absolute values ​​of these differences for all items. If the amount is more than 30, then the participant or group “drowned”; IN). Compare the results of the group and individual solutions. Was the result of the group decision more correct than the decision of the individual participants?

Comments on the event:

This game makes it possible to quantify the effectiveness of a group decision.

In a group, a greater number of solution options arise and best quality than those working alone.

Solving a problem in a group setting usually takes longer than solving the same problems by an individual.

Decisions made through group discussion tend to be riskier than individual decisions.

An individual who has special skills (abilities, knowledge, information) related to a group task is usually more active in the group and makes a greater contribution to the development of group decisions.