Medicinal plants. Pea flower Pea flower

Peas are the oldest vegetable crop. It has been cultivated by people for food for 7 thousand years.

Belongs to the pea genus of the Legume family and is a climbing annual plant. The seeds are round peas encased in pods.

How to understand the varieties and types? Which peas are called brain peas? Do I need to tie up plants and what is the best way to do it?

Vegetable, fodder and grain crop peas, native to Western Asia and North Africa.

The plant climbs and has a height of 20 to 250 centimeters. The underground roots are equipped with nodules of nitrogen-converting microorganisms. Therefore, peas are an excellent predecessor for any crops in the garden, being a green manure.

There are two known varieties of seed peas, based on the structure of the leaves: shelling and sugar. The first type is distinguished by the fact that its leaves are inedible, while in sugar varieties the blade is sweet and tender, suitable for eating.

Everyone knows the shelling varieties - these are canned green peas that are sold in the store. Sugar snap peas (shells and beans) are used to make soups and side dishes.

Shelling peas, the best varieties

The shell of shelling peas is hard (there is a parchment layer), fibrous, and not suitable for food. Unlike the beans it contains. Starchy, high-calorie round seeds are suitable for cooking soups, porridges, canning and eating fresh, they can be frozen.

Shelling peas are harvested at a time when the pod is not yet overripe and has a green color (unripe). An overripe product loses its taste (becomes mealy), whitish cracks appear on the shoulder blade, and the pea turns white.

The seeds are sold in canned and dried (whole and crushed) states.

The ripening period for this mid-early peeling variety is 50-55 days. It ripens quickly and is used for canning, freezing, and cooking. When unripe, it has a good taste for fresh consumption.

Early variety. From germination to ripening, 46-53 days pass. A low-growing bush (50 centimeters), suitable for canning. The apex of the valve is sharp, its length is up to 10 centimeters. Resistant to diseases. Productivity - half a kilogram of beans per 1 sq. meters.

Early ripening, ripens in 54-63 days. It has a short stem, up to 40 centimeters long. A productive variety that is almost disease-free. Suitable for cultivation in northern regions.

Peas are medium early, reaching ripeness in 60 days. Plant height is 65-75 centimeters. The pod is light, arched, gray-green beans have a sweet taste. Seeds of wide application.

Horn

Medium late, maturity occurs in 2.5-3 months. The height of the stem is about a meter, it does not branch much. The length of the smooth, pointed pod is 10 centimeters. Horn is a variety bred for conservation and is resistant to legume plant diseases.

Geof

This mid-late variety ripens for more than three months. A tall bush (1 meter) has strong shoots. The variety has excellent taste characteristics and is consumed fresh, frozen and canned. It is not affected by diseases and produces a stable harvest.

The length of the blades of this early variety is 8 centimeters, with a blunt tip. Sweet peas, 5-7 pieces. Undemanding to soil, loves well-lit areas, resistant to diseases. The variety is suitable for any use.

Premium

Mid-season variety, ripens in 55-58 days. Loves sunny places, ripens together. The blades reach 8-9 centimeters in length, the height of the bush is 80 centimeters. When the peas ripen, they become uniform in size and are used for culinary purposes. The yield is good, 600 grams per 1 sq. meter.

Sugar varieties, description

Sugar blades without a hard layer, tender and juicy. Unripe pods are eaten whole, like green beans. The seeds of this species contain a lot of moisture and, as they ripen (and also dry out), they shrink.

Sugar peas are more demanding on growing conditions and are more often susceptible to diseases.

In cooking, the leaves are processed and used together with underdeveloped peas.

An early, low-maintenance variety. The plant, fifty centimeters high, produces high yields and reaches maturity in 60-67 days. The leaves are fragile, suitable for preparing boiled food and eating raw.

Oregon

Medium early, ripens in two months. The plant reaches a height of one meter and requires staking on supports. The peas are smooth, there are up to 7-8 of them in a pod. Flat spatulas are suitable for culinary processing for any purpose: canning, freezing, boiling.

Mid-season sugar variety. Brain type beans ripen in 60-80 days. Fruits well, is used in cooking as an asparagus plant, and is versatile.

Mid-season variety, from germination to harvest it takes 45-60 days. Timely harvesting will lead to a repeat harvest within the season.

Honey shovel

Tender, sweet asparagus blades ripen in 2-2.5 months. The height of the plant is up to 1 meter, each pod contains 7-8 peas. The variety is mid-early, unpretentious, cold-resistant. Suitable for mid-temperate latitudes. High content of nutrients and amino acids. Super-yielding, from 1 sq. meters, up to 2 kilograms of product are harvested. Can be planted in several stages for continuous fruiting.

Early, ripening within 40-55 days. The height of the bush is up to 75 centimeters. The stems are dense and stable. These peas have wide leaves, are sweet and juicy. The yield is up to 700 grams per 1 square. meters.

Yummy

Medium-late ripening period, up to two months. The 8-9 centimeter long blades have up to 9 peas and can be consumed whole.

Sweet bean

These are ultra-early ripening, asparagus-type peas. Ripens in 40-58 days. Grows up to 0.7 meters high. Productive, grows in well-drained, fertile soil. It's better to create a support. It is used fresh and canned, as well as frozen or boiled.

Which peas are called brain peas

The above types of peas are brain varieties. They are distinguished by wrinkled beans when ripe. They contain up to 10% sucrose, a small amount of starch, and are poorly cooked. Brain peas are sweeter, more tasty, and are used in their unripe form for canning and other uses. This variety loves good, proper care and is more susceptible to disease.

Useful qualities and content of elements

A very valuable vegetable on the food scale. High in calories, well digestible. In canned form it is a dietary product. Eating peas is beneficial for the cardiovascular system and metabolism. Regular consumption slows down the aging process of the body and normalizes blood pressure. Beans and pea leaves contain many useful substances:

• vegetable protein, 30% by weight of dry matter;
• amino acids – tryptophan, methionine, cystine, tyrosine, choline;
• sucrose, starch, fiber, microelements;
• carotene, fat;
• vitamins of group A, B, C, PP, K, provitamins, tocopherol, rutin;

When and how to plant peas, choosing a location

There are features of planting peas:

• Before planting, soak the peas in warm water (40%) for a few minutes. The second method is dry sealing. More often, seeds are soaked for 3-4 days for germination;
• The best predecessors are tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes;
• The soil is fertile, loose, light loam or sandy loam;
• The area for peas should be sunny, this crop is very light-loving;
• The bed is dug up before planting and, if necessary, fertilized;
• A cold-resistant plant is planted early, in May or late April: first early, then middle and late varieties;
• Peas are sown in rows (row spacing is 15-18 centimeters), the distance between seeds is 5-7 centimeters;
• Seal to a depth of 2-2.5 centimeters;

Why tie it up - types of trellises

Peas are tall, climbing plants and require staking. This measure is necessary for:

1. Increased productivity;
2. Prevention of diseases, decay;
3. Facilitate harvesting so that the plant can continuously bear fruit and set new pods.

trellises and supports for peas, photo

We take care of the plantings

For good yield and protection from pests, vegetable crops are looked after. To do this, water, weed, and loosen the soil. Abundant watering is needed during flowering. An important condition is the construction of supports.

Pest Control

The main enemy of plantings is the pea moth (leafworm). She overwinters in the ground, and by the time the peas bloom, the butterflies fly out of the cocoons, laying eggs.

Effective measures to combat the leaf roller are as follows:

• Spraying with garlic infusion - 20 grams of chopped garlic per 10 liters of water, infused for 24 hours;
• Tomato tops solution (spraying) – 3 kilograms of tops per bucket of water;
• Treatment from a spray bottle with infusions of celandine, tobacco, ash or wormwood;
• Field sow thistle, an infusion from it helps fight powdery mildew.

Peas, or Common vetch(lat. Vicia sativa) - a species of herbaceous plants of the genus Peas ( Vicia) family Legumes ( Fabaceae).

Botanical description

Spreading

The natural distribution area includes Europe, the Caucasus, Central and Asia Minor.

Write a review about the article "Peas"

Notes

Literature

• Gubanov, I. A. et al. 841. Vicia sativa L. - Peas, or Vetch // . - M.: Scientific T. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. research, 2003. - T. 2. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - P. 484. - ISBN 9-87317-128-9.
• Fedchenko B. A.// Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / started at hand. and under chap. ed. V. L. Komarova. - M.-L.
• : Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1948. - T. XIII / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin, E.G. Bobrov. - P. 460-463. - 588 p. - 4000 copies. Vicia sativa L. - Peas // / Rep. ed. An. A. Fedorov. - L.: Science, 1987. - T. VI. Ed. volumes N. N. Tsvelev. - P. 144. - 254 p. - 3150 copies.

Links

• : information about the taxon in the Plantarium project (identifier of plants and illustrated atlas of species). (Retrieved April 6, 2013)

Excerpt characterizing Peas

Botanical characteristics

Vetch, translated as Vicia sativa, the plant has some other names, for example, sowing pea, vetch, horse pea, fodder pea, chaffinch, wild pea, konyakivka, passerine pea, goose pea, crane pea, giraffe, mouse pea, pea.

This herbaceous plant is an annual. Its root is quite long and branched. The stems of crane peas are hairy, grooved, recumbent at the bottom, and the tops are in an elevated state.

Leaves with tendrils, seven pairs, the lower ones obovate; the upper ones are linear-oblong. There are two flowers in their axils; The calyx is five-toothed, tubular, and hairy at the base. The corolla is moth-type, five-petalled; the wings are purple, the boat is white. The column is filamentous. There are ten stamens, they are fused with threads into one small bunch.

The fruit is represented by a small wide-line swollen bean, light yellow in color, less often they are gray or blackish. It is worth noting that this plant is an excellent honey plant, so one hectare produces twenty kilograms of aromatic beekeeping product.

Spreading

Sparrow peas are distributed throughout Russia; they are also found in Ukraine, Moldova, and Central Asia. This plant can be found in meadows and fields, between crops and bushes, along the edges of forests. It is found as a weed mainly in crops, much less often along roads, in garbage areas and fallow lands, as well as in gardens and vineyards.

Growing vetch

Wild peas are considered cold-resistant and belong to frost-resistant plants, as they can withstand low temperatures down to minus four degrees. In the flowering phase it needs good moisture, is moisture-loving during the budding period, and is practically undemanding to soils.

It does not grow on waterlogged and heavy soils; it prefers to be localized on light and less fertile soils, which contain a sufficient amount of calcium. Vetch is actively used for livestock feed in the form of green mass, as well as hay, silage, crushed grains, and grass meal.

The growth and development of mouse peas proceeds better in a mixture with other herbs, in fact, like other annual legumes. This creeping plant is adapted to growing with various supporting crops, for example, vetch is usually cultivated with oats, barley, and sometimes wheat.

This plant is planted for silage together with corn, sunflower, annual ryegrass, and rye; and for seeds - with barley or oats. When grown, seedlings usually appear at the end of the first or second week.

After emergence, branching begins approximately on the fifth day; flowering can occur within a month, and lasts from ten to thirty days. Seed ripening occurs four weeks after flowering.

The duration of the growing season varies from seventy to one hundred and twenty days. As for the maximum yield of green mass, it accumulates during the formation of beans. Common vetch is quite disease resistant. As for pests, in mixed crops, mouse peas are often affected by aphids.

Growing vetch for green fertilizer

Vetch seeds are sown to a depth of two centimeters, a distance of at least seventy millimeters is maintained between the rows, or they are sown randomly scattering them over the entire area of ​​the intended planting. The optimal sowing time is at the end of April or the beginning of May.

The sowing rate per hundred square meters corresponds to two kilograms of seeds. After the first shoots appear, it is recommended to use the drug “Baikal EM1” in solution as a top dressing; the concentration should correspond to a ratio of 1:1000.

During the period when budding begins, it is necessary to trim the plant and embed it in the soil using a cultivator or a flat cutter, while watering it in sufficient quantities with the prepared Baikal EM1 solution in the required concentration in order to speed up the fermentation process, as well as to create a favorable necessary microbiological background.

The incorporation of green mass of vetch-oat mixture into the soil should be carried out once or twice a season, with mandatory watering with the above solution, which will provide the soil with nutrients and necessary microelements.

Application

Vetch is widely used for animal feed in various forms, for example, nutritious green mass, hay, silage are produced from this plant, grass and grain flour are made, and crushed grains are also produced.

In addition, this plant is actively used as green manure. This means that vetch serves as a green fertilizer, significantly improving the properties of the soil and increasing its fertility by burying mouse peas in the ground.

In addition to chaffinch, green manure crops include rye, oats, oilseed radish, sweet clover, wheat, mustard, sunflower, in general, all those representatives of the flora that have a fairly abundant green mass.

As for the use of mouse peas in both traditional and folk medicine, this plant is not used for medicinal purposes.

Conclusion

If you live outside the city and have rabbits on your farm, then this grass will be their favorite treat.

Botanical description

Peas. Botanical illustration from the book by O. V. Thome “Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz”, 1885

Annual or biennial, herbaceous plant, 20-80 cm tall. The stem is ascending or erect, simple or branched, faceted, glabrous or pubescent. The leaves are pari-pinnately compound, ending in branched tendrils; stipules semi-arrow-shaped; leaflets oblong, broadly elliptic or oblong-obovate, including 3-8 pairs.

Flowers are axillary, solitary or paired, almost sessile, 20-26 mm long; calyx tubular, with lanceolate-subulate teeth; corolla pink-purple. The fruits are slightly flattened or almost cylindrical, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, light brown beans, up to 6 cm long. The seeds are spherical, of different colors, velvety-matte, 4-10 per pod, 3-5 mm in diameter.

Flowering in May-July, fruiting from June

Usage

Common vetch is a valuable forage crop. It has a high protein content in the seeds (up to 27-40%), can be used both for preparing green feed and as a protein supplement in the form of grain.

The main crop areas are located in the forest and forest-steppe zones of Russia - in the European part and in Western Siberia. The sowing of vetch for seeds is concentrated mainly in the Central Black Earth and Middle Volga regions.

Varieties

The best variety in terms of yield of both dry weight (3.4 t/ha) and seeds (2.11 t/ha) was the Nemchinovskaya Jubilee variety. The most valuable varieties in terms of forage quality were Nikolskaya, Nemchinovskaya Yubileynaya and Belorozovaya 109.

Notes

Sources

Choosing good seed peas is not at all an easy matter. There are a lot of varieties now. Each has not only its advantages, but also disadvantages. Brain, shelling and sugar varieties are registered and grown in the country. They all have different yields, resistance to pests and weather conditions.

Peas: types

As we have already said, there are three main varieties of seed peas: sugar peas, brain peas and shelling peas. Each of them is represented by a variety of varieties, which differ in taste characteristics and cultivation nuances. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Peas

Shelling peas are the most popular sowing peas. It is in great demand among farms that grow this crop for further sale as grain or seed.

It has a very smooth and round shape and can be easily separated into two halves. This quality is very valuable because it facilitates the further process of grinding and processing on peeling machines.

Peas are used as animal feed. Of particular value are pea cereals and peels, which have a huge amount of vitamins and high calorie content. In addition, peas are used in the food industry and to obtain starch, which the plant is rich in, but at the same time does not contain sugar. However, shelling peas are not suitable for sowing in dachas and garden plots. The description of this species suggests that its taste characteristics are an order of magnitude worse than other varieties. And it’s difficult to sell it in small quantities.

Marrowfat pea

Brain peas are a very popular plant and are often grown at home to produce tasty beans. When ripe, the seeds have a wrinkled appearance. Because of this fact, peas got their name. However, it is brought to a ripe state only at seed stations. It is consumed by gardeners in its green state. Its peas are sweet, large and early ripening. As a rule, brain peas are used for preservation and for fresh eating.

Absolutely all varieties of this legume representative have acclimatized remarkably well in our country. Therefore, the choice of variety will directly depend on the purpose of cultivation. Let's talk about the most popular varieties.

Alpha

Alfa seed peas are an early shelling variety. With good watering, the harvest can be up to forty-five centners per hectare. Peas ripen in 85-110 days. The pod grows up to 7 centimeters in length, the grains are large and round. The height of the stems is up to 15 centimeters; in fact, it is a small dwarf plant.

Atlant

Atlant is a fairly good variety with a yield of up to 55 centners per hectare. The bushes of the plant are quite tall, the pod reaches 14 centimeters in length. very sweet. Peas of the Atlant variety are one of the few species that are perfect for canning and grain.

Viola

The Viola variety in Russia is considered the best of the mid-season varieties, since it has a fairly high yield, is resistant to many diseases and is practically not afraid of drought. Sowing peas ripen 70 days after the appearance of the first shoots. Plants reach up to 75 centimeters in height. One bush can have from 15 to 20 pods. The amount of sugar reaches 7 percent.

Emerald

But Emerald is an early-ripening variety, its yield is slightly lower in our climate zone, but it is very sweet in its green state. the sowing crop is large and irregular in shape, and therefore it is grown by farms.

Premium

A variety like Premium will allow you to reap the maximum harvest. The fact is that one bush bears up to 50 fruits. With good care, this is not even a record. The height of the plant does not exceed 80 centimeters. The bushes grow quite voluminous, large and lush.

Tropar

This variety from the Caucasian selection has been grown in the Russian Federation and neighboring countries for a couple of years. The good thing is that it does not require much care during the growth process. However, it has an average yield. Plants are not susceptible to pests. The variety is popular due to its unpretentiousness.

The best varieties of brain peas

The best brain varieties include:

The best sugar varieties

Zhegalova 112 is a hybrid form bred in Russia. It is very popular among summer residents, since not only the beans themselves are sweet, but also the “clothes”. On average, up to 50 pods are planted on each bush, much depends on watering. The variety is resistant to pests, but needs to be treated with chemicals.

1. Inexhaustible is a drought-resistant variety that has large pods. The leaves are also very sweet and are used as food. One pod contains up to 9 seeds.
2. Rubchik is a sweet hybrid (up to 12 percent sugar), perfectly acclimatized in Russia. This is a fairly productive variety with good watering.

   

3. Sugar 2 is a late sweet variety with excellent taste. The beans are firm and sweet, good for vegetable and fruit salads.
4. The firstborn has very large bushes (up to 120 centimeters in height, and sometimes more), from which it is simple and convenient to harvest. Plants are unpretentious to drought, can withstand frost, but need to be treated with chemicals.

Which variety to choose when planting?

If you have decided to plant peas on your plot for the first time, then you need to choose the variety wisely. You need to understand that productivity is not the main indicator at all. It all depends on care, watering and timely pest control.



When choosing a variety, consider what region you live in and what the weather conditions are in your area. In addition, it is better to take seeds from plants that are adapted to your climate. As a rule, overseas seeds do not perform very well in foreign conditions. You need to purchase proven varieties that have been sown in your area for several years and have already proven themselves to be the best. After all, not all plants feel equally good in different regions.

How to grow peas?

Peas are a cold-resistant crop, and therefore sowing can begin in early spring. This crop can be grown after any vegetables. The only condition is a large amount of humus. But peas are not demanding of nitrogen.

Plant roots, like many other legumes, develop and live on roots that are capable of assimilating atmospheric nitrogen. If this is your first time in a certain area, you can add the special drug “Nitragin” along with the seeds when sowing. It will help plants initially develop well without nitrogen starvation. It is good to apply rotted compost or humus, nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers under the peas.



It makes sense to fertilize the soil well for peas. Cultivated areas, prepared and processed in advance, produce wonderful harvests, and the beans themselves have a sweeter and more delicate taste.

Peas: plant characteristics

It should be noted that peas are an annual plant, cold-resistant, with a short length. Therefore, they please with fruits even in the northern regions. Under favorable conditions, the root system reaches one meter, but most of the highly branching roots are located near the surface. The stems of the plant have little branching and reach a length from 50 centimeters to several meters. They are completely hollow inside. The tendrils of the pea help it rise upward. If there are supports or a net, the lashes curl quite high, clinging to each other.

Flowers appear in the axils of the leaves. The common pea, whose leaves consist of four small parts, ends with tendrils. However, some varieties do not have a leaf part at all, only some tendrils, while others do the opposite. At the base of the small leaves there are so-called stipules, which are much larger than the leaf part itself. This is the unusual appearance of peas. The flower of the plant is quite typical for legumes. Outwardly, it resembles a moth. Flowers can be solitary, but are usually collected in inflorescences. Each consists of 5 petals. The most common color is white. But there are pink, violet, and purple ones.

An interesting fact is that pollination of a flower occurs when it is still closed. The proportion of cross-pollination is only one percent. So that the harvest does not depend on insects. In addition, this property makes it possible to preserve pure varieties, since the option of cross-pollination is practically excluded.

Proper sowing of seeds

Before planting, seeds should be soaked in a solution of water with microfertilizers. They are sown in rows, the distance between which is 45 centimeters. Plants should be 20 centimeters apart from each other. Seeds are sown to a depth of up to 3 centimeters in light soil, and in heavy soil they can be planted in smaller grooves, but then the soil on top must be crushed into strips or covered with small twigs.



The first shoots appear in a couple of weeks. Sugar varieties grow quite slowly at first, so they will be clogged with grass. During this period, plants need weeding.

A little later you need to place trellises at a distance of half a meter. The plants will trail up and hold tightly to the net, this will prevent the wind from sprouting seedlings, and it will be easier for you to harvest. And green peas look very good on the plot.



As for care, it comes down to watering and weeding. Plants begin to bear fruit depending on the variety; with careful care, this period extends to 35-40 days.

We hope that our article will be useful to you when choosing a pea variety for home cultivation in your garden plots, as well as tips on planting seeds. We wish you good luck and good harvests.