Foreign-language surnames are inclined to a consonant. Declension of male surnames

SURNAME WITH CONSONANT SOUND

Declension of foreign and Slavic surnames ending in a consonant (in writing they end with a consonant, soft sign or th), depends on the gender of the person named. If the surname refers to a man, then it is declined like a masculine second declension noun. Women's surnames of this type are not declined.

For example:

Note.

1. Application of the rule requires knowledge of the gender of the person named. The text or title page of a publication does not always allow a native speaker to convey such information, therefore, in writing and in oral speech, difficulties may arise when using surnames with a consonant. For example, the title page indicates the author A. Shtol, but the annotation does not contain information about the full name. The reader, without having reliable data, will not be able to correctly formulate his speech: “I read the novels of A. Shtol (female surname) or A. Shtol (male surname).”

2. “Outlandish” surnames like Crest And Astrakhan, homonymous to common nouns, geographical names, names of animals and insects, often cause difficulties in declension. Surnames of this type can be divided into two groups:

a) homonymous noun m.r. 2 cl. ( Bug, Goose, Belt etc.) often in such cases they keep the surname in the initial form: Ivan Zhuk, certificate given Dmitry Goose; if there is a fluent vowel in the surname, then it can be recommended to preserve it in order to avoid curious combinations, for example: citizen Belt, certificate issued to citizen Belt(compare: I don’t have a belt), Ivan came Hare, letter to Ivan To the hare(compare: approach the hare ) ;

b) homonymous with the noun zh.r. 3 cl. ( Sadness, Love, Astrakhan, Corn, Junk, Weird, Pain etc.) it can be recommended not to incline for males.

3. Surnames with a fluent vowel type Boys,Kobets. There is no clear answer in the scientific and reference literature. There are two options:

It should also be noted that in oblique cases homonymy of forms of surnames like Kravets And Kravets, Zikranets And Zikrantz. In this case, for the former it is better to use declension option II.

4. It is necessary to distinguish between homonymous Russian (as well as Russified) surnames and those borrowed from -s And -in. For example: Peter Chaplin / Vera Chaplin and Charlie Chaplin / Helen Chaplin, Ivan Flotov / Marina Flotova and Hans Flotov / Helga Flotov. Such surnames are distinguished by the ending of the instrumental case. Russian surnames (as well as Russified ones) in the masculine instrumental case have the ending -th: Peter Chaplin. The “non-Russian” surname in the masculine instrumental case has the ending -ohm: Charlie Chaplin. Women's surnames like this are not inclined at all: approach Helen Chaplin, meet Helga Fleets. Compare: approach Vera Chaplina, meet Marina Flotov.

1. Geographical names

1.1. If the geographical name is not declined, then it is marked several. In other cases, for each toponym a gender form is given. pad. It is given in full:

1) with monosyllabic names: Belz, Bel lza; Gzhel, Gzheli;

2) in non-word names, which are ordinary phrases: Stary Oskol, Stary Oskol;

3) in compound words written with a hyphen: Baba -Durma z, Baba -Durma for; Ba den - Ba den, Ba den - Ba den [de].

In other cases, the form gen. pad. is given in truncated form: Badhy z, -a; Babad g, -a; Bavleny, -en; Badajo s, -a.

1.2. For some toponyms, forms of other cases are also given: for geographical names in - evo, -ovo, -foreign, -yno forms of genus, creative are given. and sentence pad., since in speech practice, in the press, in television and radio broadcasts, these names are sometimes not declined, which contradicts the traditional norm of the Russian literary language, for example: Bagerovo, -a, -om, in Bagerovo (urban town, Ukraine) ; Ko sovo, -a, -om, in Ko sovo (Rep. Serbia); Gabrovo, -a, -om, in Gabrovo (city, Bulgaria).

1.3. East Slavic names ending - O with a preceding consonant, do not decline: Dubno, several. (city, Ukraine); No, several. (city, Ukraine); Gross bottom, several. (city, Belarus).

1.4. In geographical names on - ev, -yev, -ov, -in the forms of the genitive and instrumental are given: Belev, -a, -om (city, Tula region, Russian Federation); Bobro in, -a, -om (city, Voronezh region, Russian Federation); Bardejov, -a, -om (city, Slovakia); Babi n, -a, -om (lake, Canada).

1.5. Foreign place names ending in a vowel - A, experience significant fluctuations in inclination:

many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. wives kind of - A stressed, for example: Bukhara, -ы; Bugulma, -s; Ankara, -s;

Toponyms of French origin with final stress are not declined: Yura, several. (mountains - France; Switzerland);

Japanese place names ending in - are declined A unstressed: O saka, -i; Yoko bitch, -i [yo];

Estonian and Finnish names ending in - are not declined A, -I unstressed: Sa vonlinna, several. (city, Finland); Yu väskylä, several. (city, Finland); Sa aremaa, several. (island, Estonia);

Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed - experience fluctuations in declination - A. The Dictionary lists the names in the inflected version: Шxa pa, -ы (g. - on the border of Georgia and Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation); Ochamchi ra, -y (city, Republic of Abkhazia); Gudau ta, -y (city, Republic of Abkhazia);

complex geographical names do not tend to - A unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: Bai ya Blanca, several. (city, Argentina); Bai ya-La ypa, several. (city, Argentina); Here s-de-la-Fronte ra [re, de, te], several. (city, Spain);

complex Slavic names are declined as nouns, which are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives, for example: Bya la-Podlya ska, Bya la-Podlya ski (city, Poland); Banská Bistrica, Banská Bistrica (city, Slovakia); Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora (city, Poland);

both parts in names with the word river are inflected, for example: Moscow -river, Moskva -river, on the Moscow river, etc. But in colloquial speech there are cases of indeclinability of the first part of these combinations: beyond the Moscow river, on the Moscow river, etc. d. However, such use does not correspond to the norm of literary language.

1.6. Place names ending in vowels - And, -s and not perceived in Russian as plural forms. numbers are given in indeclinable form, for example: Burley, several. (village, Kazakhstan); Karshi, several. (village, Turkmenistan); Ismayilli, several., (city, Azerbaijan); Mary, several. (city, Turkmenistan); Dzhusaly, several. (town, Kazakhstan).

1.7. For monosyllabic names ending in a soft consonant, the forms gen., date are given. and sentence fallen., since they experience fluctuations when declination: Rus', Rus', to Rus', in Rus'; Ob, Ob, to Ob, on Ob; Perm, Perm, to Perm, about Perm; Kerch, Kerch, to Kerch, in Kerch. In the latter case, the stress is fixed on the base.

1.8. For names ending in consonants - and, -ts, -w, gender forms are indicated. and creativity fallen., since in creation. pad. under stress it is written - O, and without accent - e, for example: Fateh, -a, -em (city, Kursk region, Russian Federation); Kirzha h, -a, -o m (city, Vladimir region, Russian Federation).

1.9. Some foreign names like Se nt-Ka tarins [se] are not inclined several., (city, Canada); Pe r - Lashe z [pe], several. (cemetery in Paris); Pla ya-Hiro n (Pla ya-Hiro n), several. (village, Cuba).

1.10. Some foreign language names from the area of ​​urban nomenclature are given in indeclinable form with the second part - straight, -square: Wall Street, several.; Washington Square, several. etc.

O, -e, -And, -at, -Yu, are presented in the Dictionary in an indeclinable form, for example: SHI LO Nikolai, Shi lo Nikola ya (Russian geologist); CRAFT Vasily, Craft Vasily (Russian breeder); DURNOVO Ivana, Durnovo Ivana (Russian statesman); VA JKULE Laima, Va ikule Laima (Latvian pop singer); VESKI And anne, several. (Estonian pop singer); BASILASHVI LI Ole g, Basilashvi li Olega (Russian actor); ILIE SKU Ion, Ilie sku Io na (Romanian statesman); BENTO Yu Pasca l, Bento Yu Pasca la (Romanian composer).

3. Male and female surnames and personal names ending in -a, -ya, -iya, -aya, -oh

Male and female surnames and personal names ending in - A, -I, -and I, -and I, -oh, as a rule, are inclined. But there are also cases of their indeclension, which is due to the place of stress in the word and the tradition of their use in the Russian language:

3.1. Male and female surnames and personal names ending in - A, -I non-accented ones, as a rule, are inclined; for example: TO MA Svetlana, TO WE Svetlana (Russian actress), DO GA Evgeniy, DO GI Evgenia (Moldova composer).

3.2. Japanese first and last names ending in - A unstressed, recently in print, in television and radio broadcasts, and in literature, they are regularly inclined. The Dictionary gives: KUROSA WA Akira, Kurosa you Akira (Japanese director); HATOYA MA Ichi ro, Hatoya we Ichi ro (Japanese statesman).

3.3. Georgian names and surnames of the indicated type experience fluctuations during declension, but in accordance with the norm of the Russian literary language they should be declined, for example: OKUDZHA VA Bula t, Okudzha you Bula ta; HORA VA Aka kiya, Hora you Aka kiya; VA ZHA Pshavela, VAZHA Pshavely. But the name of the Georgian poet ending in - A stressed, Shota Rustavi is not traditionally declined in Russian.

3.4. Finnish given names and surnames ending in - A unstressed, mostly not inflected, for example: KE KKONEN U rho Kaleva, Ke kkonena U rho Kaleva, PE KKALA Ma yno, several.

3.5. First and last names ending in - A with the previous one - And, do not decline, for example: GAMSAKHU RDIA Konstantin, Gamsahu RDIA Konstantin (Georgian writer).

3.6. Slavic surnames ending in - A stressed, incline: Skovoroda Gregory, Skovoroda Gregory (Ukrainian philosopher); POTEBNYA Aleksandra, Potebnya Aleksandra (Ukrainian and Russian philologist-Slavist).

3.7. French surnames and personal names ending in - A percussion, do not bow: TALMA Francois, several. (French actor); THOMAS Ambrois z, Thomas Ambrois (French composer); GAMARRA Pierre, Gamarra Pierre (French writer); DUMA Alexandra, Dumas Alexandra (French writer).

3.8. Some African surnames start with - A shock experience fluctuations in declination: BABANGIDA Ibragi m, Babangida Ibragi ma (states figure of Nigeria); YAMARA Semoko [se], several. (general figure of Chad).

3.9. Women's personal names and surnames ending - and I Declined according to the model of the declension of personal names such as Ra ya, Ta ya, Agla ya. The Dictionary gives the forms of gender, date. and sentence pad., for example: GULA I I nna, Gula i Inn, to Gula e I nna, about Gula e I nna (Russian actress); SANA I Marina, Sana and Marina, to Sana e Mari not, about Sana e Mari not (Russian figure skater).

3.10. Male surnames ending - oh decline according to the type of declension of noun. “needles”, for example: PIKHO I Rudolf, Piho and Rudolf, to Piho e Rudolf, about Piho e Rudolf (Russian statesman).

3.11. Georgian surnames ending in - and I, are declined according to the model of the name Marie I (Mari I, gen., dat., prel. AndAnd), although in speech practice, on TV and radio, and in print, surnames of this type are sometimes not declined, which does not correspond to the norm of the Russian literary language. Correct: DANELIA Georgy, Daneliya Georgy, to Daneliya Georgy, about Daneliya Georgy [ne] (Russian film director); ALEXA NDRIA Na na, Alexandria Na us, to Alexandria Na not, about Alexandria Na not (Georgian chess player); CHKO NIYA Lamara, Chko niy Lama ry, to Chko niy Lama, about Chko niy Lama (Georgian actress).

3.12. Personal names I ya, Li ya, Vi ya, Ti ya, Gi ya (masculine Georgian name) are given gender and date forms. and sentence pad. with ending - II: And I, And and, to And and, about And and. There is a second way of inflecting these names: And I, And and, to I e, about I e. The dictionary gives preference to the first, i.e.: And I, And and, to And and, about And and.

3.13. For personal names and surnames of eastern origin such as Aliya, Alfiya, Zulfiya, gender and date forms are given. and sentence pad.: Zulfiya, -ii; to Zulfiya, about Zulfiya.

4. Male and female surnames and personal names ending with a consonant (including th)

4.1. Male surnames and personal names ending in a consonant (hard or soft) are declined: DAL Vladi mir, Da la Vladi mir; BRECHT Berto lta, Brechta Berto lta [re].

4.2. Male and female surnames ending in - their, -s, do not bow: RAVENSKIKH Nikolai, Ravenskikh Nikolai (Russian director); CHEREMNY X Mikhai l, Cheremny X Mikhai la (Russian artist); Cheremny x, several. (feminine form).

4.3. To male names and surnames ending in hissing and - ts, the forms of the genus are given. and creativity pad. Under the stress of creation. pad. is written - O, and without accent - e, for example: Liszt Ferenc, Liszt Ferenc, Liszt Ferenc (Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor); BA RENZ Willem, Barents Willem, Barents Willem (Dutch navigator); BILA SH Aleksandra, Bilasha Aleksandra, Bilasho m Aleksandr (Russian composer); BA LAZH (Balash) Bela, Balazha (Balasha) Bely, Balazhem (Balash) Beloy (Hungarian writer). However, there are exceptions, for example: TE LESHOV Nikolai, Teleshova Nikola I (Russian writer); VLADI MIRTSOV Bori s, Vladi Mirtsova Bori sa (scientist - Mongolian); KOKO VTSOV Pa Vel, Koko Vtsova Pa Vla (Russian Semitic scientist).

4.4. Male surnames of East Slavic origin that have a fluent vowel during declension may have two variants of declension - with and without loss of the vowel, depending on the tradition of their use in literary speech. The Dictionary gives: ZA YATS Anatoly, ZA Yats Anatoly (Russian poet); SUDET Ts Vladi mir, SUDET Ts Vladi mir (Russian military leader); GRITSEVETS Sergei, Gritsevets Sergei (Russian pilot); LUCHENO K I Grief, Luchenka I Grief (Belarusian composer); KOVALYONOK Vladi Mir, Kovalyonka Vladi Mir (Russian cosmonaut); MAZURO K Yuri, Mazuro ka Yuri (Russian singer).

4.5. For male surnames and personal names of Western Slavic and Western European origin, gender forms are given. pad. without dropping a vowel, for example: GA SHEK Jarosla v, Gasheka Jarosla va (Czech writer); GA VRANEK Bo Guslav, GA VRANEK Bo Guslava [ne] (Czech linguist); GOTT Karel, Go tta Karela [re] (Czech singer).

4.6. Male Polish, Czech and Slovak surnames in - skiy, -Tsky usually given with full endings in the nominative case and declined according to Russian models (modeled on the declension of adjectives), for example: OLBRY KHSKI Danie l, Olbry KHSKI Danie la [ie] (Polish actor); OGINSKI (Oginski) Michal Kleo fas, Oginski (Oginski) Michal Kleo fas (Polish composer). But sometimes surnames of this type are used in an indeclinable form, for example: POLA NSKI Roman, Polanski Roma (Polish film director), although on the recommendation of experts they should be declined. The dictionary gives: POLANSKY (Polanskiy) Roman, Polanskiy (Polanskiy) Romana.

4.7. Women's surnames can be formed in different ways: with full endings (- Skye, -Tskaya) and with truncated (- ska, -tska). In both cases, they are more often declined according to Russian models (following the model of the declension of full adjectives), for example: BANDRO VSKA-TU RSKA Eva, Bandrovskaya-Turskaya E you (Polish singer); BRY LSKA Barbara, Brylska Barbara (Polish actress); CHERNY-STEFANSKA Galina, Czerny--Stefanska Galina (Polish pianist). Quite often, the name Brylskaya is pronounced incorrectly, placing emphasis on the first syllable: Barbara. But in Polish the stress is always on the penultimate syllable: Barbara ra. The Dictionary gives: BRY LSKA Barbara ra.

4.8. With borrowed male surnames ending in unstressed - ov, -in, genus forms are given. and creativity pad. with ending - ohm: DA RVIN Charles, Da Rvin Charles, Da Rvin Charles (English naturalist); CHA PLIN Charles Spencer, Chaplin Charles Spencer, Chaplin Charles Spencer [peh, se] (American film actor, film director); FLO TOV Friedrich, Flotov Friedrich, Flotov Friedrich (German composer). Similar Russian surnames are in the works. pad. ending - th.

4.9. European female surnames with unstressed - ov, -in presented in the Dictionary in indeclinable form: HO JKIN Do roti, several. (English scientist, woman); CHA PLIN Geraldina, Cha PLIN Geraldina (American actress).

4.10. The Dictionary also includes male surnames with accent - in. If these are Russian and Russified male surnames, then they are inclined according to the general rule, i.e. they have a creative meaning. pad. percussion - th. Therefore, this form is not given in the Dictionary, for example: KARAMZI N Nikolai, Karamzina Nikolai; BUTURLI N Vasily, Buturlina Vasily.

4.11. Female surnames of the above type are also inclined according to the Russian model: ROSTOPCHINA Evdoki I, Rostopchino y Evdoki and (Russian poetess).

4.12. To borrowed non-Russified male surnames with an accent - in the form of creation is given. pad. with unstressed - ohm: RACINE Jean, Racine Jean, Racine Jean (French playwright); BARTOLI N Era zm, Bartoli on Era zm, Bartolin nom Era zm (Danish scientist).

4.13. Female surnames of this type are presented in an indeclinable version: DENEV Katri n [de], several. (French actress), BIRKI N Jane, several. (French actress).

4.14. Women's surnames and names ending in a consonant (hard or soft) are given in indeclinable form, for example: VOYNICH Etel el Lilian [te], several. (English writer); COURSE L Nico l [se], several. (French actress).

4.15. Female personal names of biblical origin (Agar, Rachel, Ruth, Shulami f, Esther, Judi f) are declined according to the type of declension of the word “salt” (sol, soli, with salt, about salt), for example; Agary, Agary, with Agary, about Agary. The Dictionary lists the forms gen., creative. and sentence pad. The name Rashe l (Rashel, Rashe li, with Rashe li, about Rashe li), but the stage name of the French actress RACHE L ( present femme. - Eli doesn’t bow to Rush el Feli x)

4.16. The name Lyubov is declined without dropping a vowel; the Dictionary provides forms of gender, date. and sentence fall: Love, Love, to Love, oh Love. The names Nine l and Assol fluctuate in declination. The dictionary gives: Nina l, -i [ne] (f. name); Assol, several. (f. name).

5. Complex borrowed names and surnames

5.1. In complex Western names and surnames, connected by a hyphen, the last word is declined: BELMONDO Jean-Paul, Belmondo Jean-Paul (French actor); RUSSO Zha-n-Zhak, Rousseau Zha-n-Zhaka (French writer and philosopher); KAPABLA NKA Jose -Rau l, Capabla nki Jose -Rau la [se] (Cuban chess player). If the second name is not inflected, then the first name takes on the function of inflection, for example: TRENTIGNA N Zsa n-Louis, Trentigna na Zsa na-Louis (French actor); GUY-LUSSA K Jose f-Louis, GAY-Lussa ka Jose f-Louis [ze] (French chemist and physicist).

5.2. In compound names and surnames of Vietnamese, Korean, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, etc., the last part is declined: KIM YONG NAM, Kim Yong Na ma (North-Correspondent statesman); BA THEIN TIN, Ba Thein Ti na [te] (Burmese statesman); CH A SIM, Che a Si ma (Cambodian statesman); LI PEN, Li Pe na (Chinese statesman).

6. Double surnames

In Russian double surnames, both parts are declined if their endings can be declined, for example: SOKOLO V-MIKITO V, Sokolo va-Mikitova (Russian writer); GOLENI SHCHEV-KUTU CALL, Shin Shcheva-Kutu Zov (Russian poet, philologist, literary critic), but: SOKOLO V-SKALYA, Sokolo va-Skalya (Russian artist).

If the first part is not used as an independent word, it does not decline: DE MUT-MALINO VSKY, De mut-Malinovsky (Russian sculptor); Grum-Grzhima Yilo Vladi mir, Grum-Grzhima ylo Vladi mira (Russian scientist-metallurgist); BO NC-BRUE HIV, Bo NC-BRUEVICH (Russian military leader).

Rules and examples of declension of male and female names, patronymics, surnames.

Competent speech and writing distinguish well-educated people from illiterate members of humanity.

Knowing the rules of your native language will definitely help you when addressing people by their first, patronymic, and last names.

Let's talk in more detail about the features of their declension for male and female options.

Correct declension of a masculine surname: rule, example

Depending on the origin, the presence/absence of a vowel at the end of a word or a consonant, masculine surnames have a number of rules for declension.

Globally, we divide them into 2 large groups:

• changing endings
• remaining unchanged

The first group of rules includes:

• -ov, -in for Russian and borrowed variants are inclined according to the classical scheme. For example, work by Ivanov, the painting belongs to Sanin, I’m waiting for Sidorov, to talk with Fonvizin about Krysin.
• The surnames of foreigners starting with -in, -ov in the instrumental case acquire the ending -om. Example: the role was played by Chaplin, the hero was voiced by Green.
• When the bearer of the surname is Russian and it comes from Russian homonyms, the rule with the ending -й in the instrumental case is triggered.
  Example: from the word krona - go with Kronin, from the dialect version chaplya - skating with Chaplin.
• Unstressed endings -а, -я are declined according to general rules.
  For example, Globa’s notebook, Shegda’s car, Okudzhava’s production.
• Georgian -iya letters change endings, For example, merits of Beria.
• -and the accent at the end of surnames of Slavic origin suggests a change in endings, For example, with Kvasha and Frying Pan.
• A hard or soft consonant at the end of a surname turns into combinations with vowels during declension.
  For example, Blok’s poems, interview with Gaft, give to Mickiewicz.
• In the adjective form it is declined according to the general rules.
  For example, victories of Lyuty, campaign to Tolstoy.

The second group of rules include the following:

• foreign letters remain unchanged,
• -a, -ya percussion of French origin does not bend, for example, Dumas's carriage, letters about Zola,
• -they don’t bend at the end,
• with endings in -o, -u, -i, -e, -yu remain unchanged when declension,
• -yh at the end keeps the surname unchanged during declension.

Correct declension of a male name: rule, example

Male names also come in different origins. However, the rules for their declension are the same:

• when a name ends with a consonant, hard or soft, or with -th, changes occur according to the general principle of declension of nouns.
  The stress remains unchanged, but moves in monosyllables.
  Examples: Alexander - Alexandra - Alexandru, Peter - Petra - Peter, Timothy - Timothy - Timothy.
• -iya, -ya, -ya, -ey are similar to the declension features of nouns with a similar ending.
  Example: Elijah - Elijah - Elijah, Zechariah - Zechariah - Zechariah.
• -a - the change in ending corresponds to the rule of declension of ordinary nouns with -a at the end.
  Example: Nikita - Nikita - Nikita.

Since the Russian language has many foreign words and names of people of other nationalities, the latter in some cases do not fall under the rules of declension and remain unchanged. These are names ending with:

• vowels -yu, -u, -y, -i, -e, -e, -o. Example, Jose, Aibu
• two vowels, except -iya, -ee. Example, Francois, Kachaa

Correct declension of the masculine patronymic: rule, example

Let us note a number of features before moving on to the declination of male patronymics:

• Classic endings, namely -evich, -ovich.
  Example, Alexander-Alexandrovich, Timofey - Timofeevich.
• Adding a soft sign before the ending if the father's name ends in -iy, that is -evich.
  Example, Valery - Valerievich.
• If the father's name ends in -a, then -ich is added to the patronymic. Example, Luka - Lukich, Nikita - Nikitich.

Let's add a table with changes in endings in male patronymics when declining them by case:

Correct declension of a feminine surname: rule, example

Women's surnames have a number of differences from men's surnames in declension.

• With the ending in -ina, -ova change according to cases. For example, for Shukshina, for Ivanova.
• Depending on the characteristics of the declension of male surnames, there is a difference for female variants. For example, Currant, Pearl. In this case, the declination in the female variants is the arrival of Nadya Smorodina and Lina Zhemchuzhina. If the male versions are Smorodin and Zhemchuzhin, then the female ones, respectively, are the arrival of Zoya Smorodina and Katya Zhemchuzhina.
• Unstressed -a and -i change endings when declensional. Example, Valentina Globa, Katerina Okudzhava.
• Similar to adjectives change the ending according to the principle of declension of adjectives. Example: Lena the Great, Tatiana Svetlaya.

Lack of declensions for surnames:

• French origin
• ending in -ko, -o, -e, -i, -u, -yu, -yh and also with a consonant

Correct declension of a female name: rule, example

In general, female names change their ending when declined. There are a number of rules that govern this:

• ending in -a, except for g, k, c, x. Example:

• the same ending after g, k, x and separately after c

• two-syllable names ending in -я, as well as those that have this letter unstressed, change their endings according to cases as follows:

• ending in -iya, except for disyllabic ones. Example below:

• with endings in a soft sign and hissing ones - change as follows:

Exceptions include a number of female names of foreign origin. They often don't bow down.

Examples are the same names that were presented in the table above, which have a hissing letter at the end.

Correct declension of the feminine patronymic: rule, example

There are a number of rules for declension of female patronymics depending on their formation from male names. Namely:

• names ending in unstressed -a form patronymics with -ichna. If the last syllable of a male name is stressed, then it is inic. Example: Nikita - Nitichna, Ilya - Ilyinichna.
• If the basis is a name of the second declension with a zero and ending in -iy, then the patronymic is added -ovna, -evna. Example: Evgeny - Evgenievna, Vladimir - Vladimirovna.

For clarity, we insert a table of declension of female patronymics:

So, we have looked at a number of rules for declining surnames, first names and patronymics for men and women. We also studied them with examples.

Practice the rules by declining the first, middle and last names of your relatives. Then you will remember all the rules faster.

Happy studying!

Video: how to decline surnames by case?

The rules for declination of a surname cannot depend on the desire or unwillingness of the bearer of the surname.

Don't bow:

1. female surnames ending with a consonant and a soft sign

(Anna Zhuk, family of Maria Mitskevich, appoint Lyudmila Koval).

2. Female names ending with a consonant

(Carmen, Gyulchatay, Dolores, Helen, Suok, Edith, Elizabeth).

(Hugo, Bizet, Rossini, Shaw, Nehru, Goethe, Bruno, Dumas, Zola).

4. Male and female names ending with a vowel sound, excluding –a(–я)

(Sergo, Nelly).

5. Surnames ending in –а(–я) with a preceding vowel and

(sonnets by Heredia, poems by Garcia, stories by Gulia).

6. Russian surnames, which are frozen forms of the genitive singular with endings: –ovo, –ago, –yago

(Durnovo, Sukhovo, Zhivago, Shambinago, Debyago, Khitrovo);

and plural with endings: –i, –ih

(Twisted, Ostrovsky, Polish, Long, Gray).

In colloquial speech, surnames can be inclined to –i, –i.

(Sergei Zhivago, Irina Zhivago, Galina Polskikh, Viktor Polskikh).

7. Ukrainian surnames with accented and unstressed –ko ( Golovko, Lyashko, Franko, Yanko, Shevchenko’s anniversary, Makarenko’s activities, Korolenko’s works).

8. The first part of a double surname, if it is not used as a surname by itself

(V roles of Skvoznyak-Dmukhanovsky, research by Grun-Grizhimailo, sculpture by Demut-Malinovsky).

Declining:

(Institute named after S. Ya. Zhuk, poems by Adam Mickiewicz, meet Igor Koval).

2. Female names ending with a soft sign

(Love, Judith).

3. As a rule, surnames are inclined to unaccented ones - and I

(mostly Slavic, Romanesque and some others)

(article by V. M. Ptitsa, works by Jan Neruda, songs performed by Rosita Quintana, conversation with A. Vaida, poems by Okudzhava).

Fluctuations are observed in the use of Georgian and Japanese surnames, where cases of inclination and indeclinability occur:

(game nar. USSR artist Kharava; \(100\) years since the birth of Saint-Katayama, Kurosawa films; works by A. S. Chikobava (and Chikobava); creativity of Pshavela; minister in Ikeda's cabinet; Hatoyama's performance; films of Vittorio de Sica (not de Sica).

4. Slavic surnames with accents - and I

(with the writer Mayboroda, with the philosopher Skovoroda, with the director Golovnya).

5. The first part of Russian double surnames, if it itself is used as a surname

(poems by Lebedev-Kumach, production by Nemirovich-Danchenko, exhibition by Sokolov-Skal).

A foreign name ending in a consonant preceding a surname is declined

(novels by Jules Verne, stories by Mark Twain).

But, according to tradition: novels by Walter (and Walter) Scott, songs about Robin Hood.

6. When declension of foreign surnames and names, forms of Russian declension are used and the peculiarities of declension of words in the original language are not preserved.

(Karel Capek - Karela Capek [not Karla Capek]).

Also Polish names

(at Vladek, at Edek, at Janek [not: at Vladek, at Edk, at Jank]).

7. Polish female surnames in – A following the pattern of Russian surnames, they tend to - and I

(Bandrovska-Turska - tours of Bandrovska-Turska, Czerni-Stefanska - concerts of Czerni-Stefanska).

At the same time, it is possible to design such surnames according to the Russian model and in the nominative case

(Opulskaya-Danetskaya, Modzelevskaya).

The same is appropriate for Czech surnames starting with – A

(Babitskaya - Babitskaya, Babitskaya).

8. Slavic male surnames in – and, –s it is advisable to incline, following the example of Russian surnames, to - yy, -yy

Every year, historians expand the list of personal nicknames of Slavic origin. Many people would be interested to know their origins. But sometimes it is impossible to determine this by the sound itself, since various suffixes, prefixes and prefixes have been added to the derived word over the years, distorting its original meaning.

Russian names and surnames

To determine the origin of a person’s family, his passport data is used. The key points are the root of the word, which forms Russian names and surnames. They differ in prevalence. By the sound, you can determine the eminence of the family or the belonging of ancestors to different social groups and castes of society: peasants, boyars, clergy. The etymology of some includes archaisms and strange stems; you can use a reference book to determine these yourself.

Origin

Derivatives and roots can originate from the nicknames of ancestors, funny nicknames, names, areas of activity. The origin of Russian surnames, in most cases, is unraveled in its etymology. You should take an interest in this clue, because through it you can find out about an outstanding ancestor or the eminence of the family. For those who want to determine the origins of their family nickname, there are alphabetical collections that are replenished and updated annually; on their pages, almost everyone can find out the history of their name.

The most popular derivatives:

• On behalf of the ancestor (whose? Whose will you be?) - Ivanov, Sidorov, Kuzmin, Petrov.
• From the geographical names - Vyazemsky, Stroganov, Smolensky.
• From the nicknames of the clergy - Rozhdestvensky, Preobrazhensky, Uspensky.
• From the names of plants and animals - Sokolova, Orlova, Hare, Lebedeva, Golubeva.
• From count and boyar titles - Minin, Tikhomirov, Tikhonravov, Godunov.

Meaning

Etymology and the formation of a proper genus name are of interest to an increasing number of people. The meaning of Russian surnames is determined by determining the root part of the word; it indicates the meaning. The meaning of family names like Bondarev, Kovalev, Shevtsov indicates the craft that someone from the family was engaged in. Muzzle, Stoyan, Brave - on the external or internal characteristics of an individual person. All members of the family were called by the nickname of the head of the family, and this was passed down from generation to generation.

When did surnames appear in Russia?

The assignment of a generic nickname to identify each clan began to take shape in the 15th century. When surnames appeared in Russia, they initially referred to representatives of the upper strata of society: boyars and aristocrats, and later, in the 18th century, to church ministers. Until the 19th century, peasants and artisans received their nicknames. Their genus names were derived from the nicknames of one of the members of the family or occupation. In historical scrolls and records, listings were found that explain this phenomenon: “Vasily, son of the Kuznetsov... Ivan, son of the Khlebnikov”

How many surnames are there in Russia

The study of these data is still in question. There is no absolutely correct numerical value that could accurately answer the question of how many surnames exist in Russia today. Researchers have taken on such a complex task only a few times; officially, about 250 thousand meanings have been included in the collection, and these lists are constantly replenished with new forms of nicknames that were once given.

Declension of surnames in Russian

The rules of the Russian language strictly determine the writing and pronunciation of passport data. Declension of surnames in Russian occurs according to the following basic rules: standard ones are declined as adjectives, and those of foreign origin are declined as nouns. They do not decline with a zero ending, or ending in a consonant (Bondar, Nitsevich, Ponomar), ending in -o (Petrenko, Shevchenko, Kovalenko), foreign ones ending in -a, -ya (Varnava, Okidzhava, Zola).

The most common surname in Russia

Boris Ubengaun was the first to begin compiling a directory that lists the names of Russia. It contains various variations due to the process of transformation of folk nicknames. Each position has an explanation (highlighted parts of word formation that explain the essence of a particular word). There are positions that can be found more often, and there are those that are very rare. The data was taken based on the population census of the city of St. Petersburg.

Common surnames in Russia:

• Vladimirov;
• Sergeev;
• Petrov;
• Ivanov.

Beautiful Russian surnames

There are people whose generic nicknames captivate with their sound. These include those derived from geographical names or long nicknames given to church ministers. This etymology is rare and sounds aristocratically melodic. Many people change their birth details in their passports in order to get a name that is beautiful and stands out from the crowd. People to whom it was inherited are considered lucky.

The most beautiful surnames in Russia:

• Preobrazhensky;
• Caesar;
• Christmas;
• Vyazemsky;
• Uspensky.

Slavic

There are genus names that originate from the ancient Slavs. These nicknames are very rare and therefore valuable to historians. Their small number is due to the fact that derivatives originate from the names of pagan gods or Old Slavonic names. With the advent of Christianity, such nicknames were categorically prohibited, people were baptized and renamed en masse, therefore those who have preserved them to this day are a godsend, a shining example of pagan culture.

Old Slavonic surnames, examples:

• Yarilo;
• Dovbush;
• Putyata;
• Lada;
• Saint;
• Dobrynin;
• Peaceful.

Popular

According to the population census conducted in the 80s of the last century, under the former USSR, about 50% of the rural and 35% of the urban population bear generic nicknames, formed on the principle of patronymics with the addition of suffixes. This study is recognized as the highest quality and most detailed up to our times. Popular Russian surnames: Sidorov, Smirnov, Kuzmin, Vasiliev. The second place in frequency is occupied by nicknames that indicate the type of activity: Kuznetsov, Bondarev, Reznikov, Khlebnikov, etc.

Rare Russian surnames

It is difficult to create a reliable list that includes all items. But the main ones have been selected. It is not often that you meet people who have a family nickname that completely coincides with a geographical name or is formed from a combination of two words. There are few who are lucky enough to become the namesake of famous historical figures and heroes of literary novels.

Rare surnames in Russia:

• Astrakhan;
• Kamchatka;
• Goddess;
• Krutiperets;
• Crusoe;
• Karenin.

funny

Sometimes among acquaintances there are family nicknames that involuntarily make you smile with their comical nature. They surprise fellow citizens, and especially foreigners, with their pronunciation, they consist of adding the stems of some nouns or verbs, they can denote a funny or strange action, name objects whose names sound strange in a human name. A person who has to wear them can hardly be called lucky.

Funny Russian surnames:

• Kostogryzov;
• Mozgoedov;
• Popkin;
• Rzhach;
• Login;
• Khachapuri;
• Shit grandfathers;
• Snot.

Russian noble families

Their owners can have no doubt about the high title of someone from their family; they were assigned exclusively to nobles, boyars, and high-ranking officials. People close to high positions and ruling power. They can also be merchants. The presence of such titular nicknames among the peasantry, ordinary workers or artisans is excluded; their mere presence indicated the high social status of their owner.

Russian noble families:

• Stroganov;
• Godunov;
• Tikhomirov;
• Minin;
• Novgorodtsev;
• Tikhonravov;
• Ventsenostsev.

Old Russian

This term denotes not only Old Slavonic nicknames from the times of paganism, but also those that, by their etymology, designate outdated concepts and words of ancient use, eradicated from modern speech. Interesting to consider are generic nicknames that name old monetary units, household items, and crafts that are not found in the modern world. All these signs indicate a long history of the family and roots that go far.

Old Russian surnames:

• Kunin;
• Altynov;
• Kalita;
• Zlatnikov;
• Pryalkin;
• Kozhemyaka;
• Bandurov.

Rating of surnames in Russia

The top 100 items that can often be found in the passports of fellow citizens have been compiled. All of them were selected based on the directory and ordered during the census during the year. This information will be especially interesting for girls, because everyone dreams of meeting her man and getting married. Statistics say that in 89% of cases, women switch to a male generic nickname upon marriage. Such a top will clearly show the most likely options that everyone may encounter. The section includes the first 10 positions.

• Ivanov;
• Smirnov;
• Kuznetsov;
• Popov;
• Sokolov;
• Vasiliev;
• Fedorov;
• Novikov;
• Egorov;
• Kozlov.

Famous Russian surnames

Their list is compiled based on the frequency of use among the population. The most popular surname in Russia is Ivanov. Even foreigners know about this, associating with her all the names of Russian compatriots. It went down in history and became a classic. For example, in German this nickname became Muller, in America and Britain - Smith, in Poland - Novak or Kowalski, in Georgia - Mamedov.

Famous Russian surnames:

• Sidorov;
• Ivanov;
• Petrov;
• Kozlov;
• Smirnov;
• Popov;
• Sokolov.

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