What unites Khlestakov and the mayor. Test on the text of N.V.’s comedy. What do Khlestakov and the mayor have in common in N.V.’s comedy? Gogol "The Inspector General"

“Gogol Portrait” - Group 2 worked on the topic “The Theme of Petersburg in the Story. After all, the portrait disappears. Results of students' research work. Stages and timing of the project. Methodological goals. Educational topic: N.V. Gogol “Portrait”. Portrait! Presentation Booklet Publication. Find out what a true artist should be like - according to Gogol.

“The Works of N.V. Gogol” - Svetly, 2009. Lesson plan: “The Night Before Christmas.” M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Autograph. Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 5. Gymnasium of Higher Sciences (N.V. Gogol studied here from 1821 to 1828). 1842 - 1855 - the last period. 3rd period. Make a comparative description of Ostap and Andriy.

“Gogol Overcoat” - Fantasy in the story. The Gogolian direction in art began to be called the natural school. Performance by a group of “artists”.) Traditions and innovation in Gogol’s depiction of the “little man”. F.M. Dostoevsky (Prepared by O.I. Sigareva). Understand Gogol, and with this help our lives and ourselves. Motto: “We all came out of Gogol’s “The Overcoat.”

“The Story “Portrait”” - The artist’s father. Description of the loan shark's appearance. Advice from the artist's father. Problem of choice. Communication of councils. Unsuccessful attempt. Comrade Chartkov. The appearance of Christ to the people. Gerard Dou. Material for the lesson. Money. Hyperlink. Role in society. Moneylenders. Etymology of the word "art". Dictionary entry. Portrait. The problem of true art.

“Gogol’s Comedies” - Which of the landowners fed Chichikov very well? A. At the Sberbank rate B. 2 times less than the requested amount C. Free D. At a discount. What was the name of one of Manilov's children? G. No matter how much you twist the rope, there will be an end. A. Comedy B. Novel C. Poem D. Story. B Khlestakov himself let it slip. Which landowner gave his wife a toothpick case?

No one had ever before him (Gogol) read such a complete pathological course about a Russian official. With laughter on his lips, he without pity penetrates into the innermost folds of the unclean, evil bureaucratic soul. Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" and his poem "Dead Souls" represent a terrible confession of modern Russia.
A.I. Herzen

“The Inspector General” is a well-known comedy written by N.V. Gogol is considered one of the brightest dramatic works of Russian prose of the 19th century.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol continued the traditions of Russian drama in the genre of satire. His comedy “The Inspector General” succinctly fit into the thematic line laid down by the famous comedies of D.I. Fonvizin “Nedorosl” and A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
But, despite the comedy genre, the work “The Inspector General” is deeply realistic, as it penetrates into the life structure of the small and middle bureaucratic class of provincial cities of Russia in the second quarter of the 19th century. Penetrating into the very soul, Gogol exposes the world that these people are building, revealing their hidden intentions and characters.

As soon as we open the comedy “The Inspector General,” we understand that in addition to the meaning and problems inherent in the work itself, we will be dealing with characters whose character and life priorities are already revealed in their surnames. Each hero of the work has telling surnames. For example, the surname of a private bailiff: Ukhovertov, and the name of a county doctor: Gibner.

Thanks to the surnames, from the first acquaintance with the characters, we understand with whom we will deal in the future. For example, by the name of the district doctor Kh.I. Gibner can be judged that almost everyone he treated died. So it looks more like a nickname rather than a surname.

Gogol wrote critical remarks characterizing each of the main characters. These remarks help to better understand the character of each character, their soul and thoughts. For example, what do Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov and Anton Antonovich Skvoznyak-Dmukhanovsky, the mayor, represent? What are they?

Mayor: “Even though he is a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably.”
Khlestakov: “Without a king in my head. He speaks and acts without any consideration.”

It seems that they are people of the same type, both are drawn to power, they love it when everyone crawls at their feet. At the end of the comedy, Anton Antonovich becomes a braggart of the highest order, a dreamer (as does Anna Andreevna, his wife).

“We now intend to live in St. Petersburg. And here, I admit, the air is so... too rustic!.. I admit, it’s a big nuisance... Here’s my husband: he will receive the rank of general there.”

This is the limit of their dreams they have reached: Give them Petersburg, he (the mayor) really wants to be a general.

And in act II, scene VIII, look how he tries to pass himself off as a virtue, apparently wanting to suck up to the “auditor”.

“I wish you good health! Sorry. It is my duty, as the mayor of this city, to ensure that there is no harassment to travelers and all noble people”...

But what did the “auditor” look like at that time? He thought that they were going to put him in prison for not paying for the hotel and food. And the mayor...

How could he mistake some ragamuffin impostor for such a high-ranking person as the Inspector General? This can be forgiven for Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, who are positioned in the district town as local fools and gossips. They communicate with them in accordance with these personal qualities: with contempt or patronage. But unlike them, the mayor is a smart enough person, which does not prevent him from being a first-class rogue, and, perhaps, even contributes to his prosperity in roguery. Well, Khlestakov in Anton Antonovich’s house behaved like a real official (a magnificent actor).

“The words fly out of him with inspiration: finishing the last word of a phrase, he does not remember its first word,” wrote V.G. Belinsky.

Well, who, tell me, won’t talk nonsense out of fear of something. Khlestakov thought that he would be sent to prison, but on the contrary, he was invited to the house of an important and significant person in the city. Khlestakov gained money, honor, treats, which is why even without wine you can come to some kind of half-drunk relaxation.

Gogol, in an article about the theater, wrote that in his comedy he reflected only one private person, whose name was “Laughter.” Laughter, and not at all an auditor who arrived by the highest order.

What do Khlestakov and the mayor have in common in N.V.’s comedy? Gogol "The Inspector General"

In the comedy “The Inspector General” N.V. Gogol presented a whole gallery of officials - swindlers, thieves in uniform, but Khlestakov and the mayor deserve special attention, written very vividly and convincingly.

What does Khlestakov and the mayor have in common - these seemingly completely different people - different in age, social status and mental development? What do the tall, well-fed, important Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky and the small, frail Khlestakov have in common? From the “very intelligent in his own way” mayor and the “stupid” Khlestakov?

What they have in common is that both of them, and this is the main thing, are representatives of the bureaucratic world, endowed with all the negative qualities characteristic of this world. They are vain and ambitious, selfish and unscrupulous, notorious liars, swindlers and bribe-takers, unwilling to work conscientiously, accustomed to living by deception. Both lackeys by nature,They know how to adapt to the situation and please if necessary.

So, Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, and Khlestakov - unscrupulous peoplescammers, bribe takers.

The mayor in the city entrusted to him behaves like a district king. He not only shamelessly robs merchants and townspeople, but also calmly pockets the money allocated by the state for the construction of the church. He is a swindler, a deceiver, “who has deceived three governors in his time.” By embezzling government money, he cares not about performing his service, but about concealing his crimes.

We learn that the mayor takes bribes from city residents and his subordinates at the very beginning of the comedy from a letter from his godfather: “... you, like everyone else, have sins, because you are a smart person and don’t like to miss what floats into your hands..."

Khlestakov, as soon as he felt the favorable attention of officials towards him, also behaved like a king. Just like the mayor, he began to shamelessly take money, allegedly borrowing money, becoming more and more impudent, asked for a large sum of money, knowing that he would not return it.He takes money from the mayor, and even after promising to marry his daughter.

Another common trait is arrogance.

The mayor looks down on both city residents and officials.With both of them he is often rude and unfair: “Shh! such club-toed bears - their boots are knocking! It just falls down, as if someone were throwing forty pounds off a cart! Where the hell is taking you? Feeling his power and impunity, he engages in arbitrariness and spares no one.

And Khlestakov disdainfully treats people of the lower class.He talks rudely to the tavern servant: “Well, master, master... I don’t care about your master! What is there?",with the townspeople who came to complain about the mayor, unceremoniously sending them out: “Who else is there?.. Tired of it, damn it! Don’t let me in, Osip!” In the role of director of the department, he despises the petty official for writing - “a kind of rat.”

With higher officials, both of them are very polite and attentive. Khlestakov is polite to the mayor: “On the contrary, if you please, it’s my pleasure. I feel much more comfortable in a private house..."

And the mayor, mistaking Khlestakov for the expected auditor,very polite to him, obsequious. He tries to predict his slightest desire, just so that he is satisfied. So, when the opportunity arises, skillfully“screws” him four hundred rubles instead of two hundred.

Both are deceitful.

We see the most colorful manifestation of lies in Khlestakov in the scene of justification before the mayor, when he tries to shift all the blame onto the innkeeper and the owner of the establishment, accusing them of various crimes: “He is more to blame: they serve me beef as hard as a log... He starved me all day long..."

And the mayor is not inferior to Khlestakov, telling how he cares about the affairs in the city: “When everything is in order in the city, the streets are swept, the prisoners are well maintained, there are few drunkards... what more do I need? ... and I don’t want any honors.”

Both are vain and ambitious.Therefore, they have secret dreams associated with a high position in society, their own greatness and power.

Khlestakov dreams of being a “high-flying bird,” a very significant person who deserves universal respect, veneration and reverence.: “They even write to me on the packages: “Your Excellency”... And it’s curious to look at me in the hallway when I haven’t woken up yet: counts and princes are milling around and buzzing there like bumblebees...”

We learn about the mayor's dreams when Khlestakov asks for his daughter's hand in marriage. He immediately begins to make plans about how he will live in St. Petersburg, how over time, having such a son-in-law, he will be able to “get into” the generals, hin order to have all the privileges of a general, to enjoy respect and glory: “Why do you want to be a general? Because if you go somewhere, couriers and adjutants will gallop ahead everywhere: “Horses!” And there, at the stations, they won’t give it to anyone, everyone is waiting: all these titular officers, captains, mayors, but you don’t even give a damn...”

Everything that Khlestakov tells about high St. Petersburg society, all the pictures of a brilliant life that he unfolds, correspond to the most cherished dreams and aspirations of the mayor, since their ideas about a luxurious life coincide.

And they dream because they are not satisfied with their own role in life, because in society the position is cultivated that it is not a person who paints a place, but a person’s place. “You’re having lunch somewhere with the governor, and then: stop, mayor! Heh, heh, heh, that’s what, the channel is tempting!” we hear from the mayor.

And, of course, they are united by fear ofpunishment for dishonest acts. Both of them are bold in happiness and cowards in trouble.

Let's remember how the heroes behave when they first meet: they tremble with fear of each other. What causes Khlestakov’s fear? As you know, on the way home he lost completely at cards and by the time he met the mayor he had been living in a hotel on credit for the second week. Naturally, he was afraid of the arrival of an important person, because he decided that he would be arrested and sent to prison.

And what causes the mayor’s fear? The mayor’s reason for fear is much more serious. Already from the first act of the comedy it is clear that a high position for Anton Antonovich is a means of enrichment, so he is veryafraid of losing this sweet spot.

Thus, both of these heroes - Khlestakov and Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky - are close in spirit: vain and ambitious people, liars and bribe-takers, selfish and unscrupulous. They are both representatives of Nikolaev Russia, thatimmoral, anti-spiritualsystem that has crippledpeople, turned them into nonentities, capable of any baseness. This system killed the soul in people, making them lackeys by nature.

I would like to add that in our time, unfortunately, there are many deceitful, arrogant and vain people. This typical character convinces us that the Khlestakovs and mayors are still alive and that the work of N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" is rightfully considered immortal.

It would seem difficult to imagine more different heroes than Khlestakov and the mayor in N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General.” Their many differences from each other are immediately evident. In terms of their social status, the heroes are far removed from one another and, in the normal course of events, should not have met at all. The mayor is a man who has “aged in service”; he began his career from the lower ranks and all his life, hard but steadily climbed the career ladder until he took the main position in the county town. Anton Antonovich has firmly established himself in this position, has taken control of the entire town and is not going to cede power to anyone in the near future. Khlestakov, on the contrary, has a small rank, “a simple little elist,” in the words of his servant Osip, and even then he was unable to stay in one of the St. Petersburg offices and, having walked around on his father’s money, was forced to return to the village. The characters' characters are quite consistent with their position. The mayor behaves respectably, his speech is leisurely and serious, his words are significant. He is an experienced man, he knows how to portray an honest and simple-minded campaigner, so you won’t immediately guess that he is a big rogue. The mayor is cunning and calculating; he does not stand on ceremony with ordinary people, but can, if necessary, look polite. Khlestakov is an “empty” person, “without a king in his head,” he absolutely does not think about the consequences of his words and thoughts. Khlestakov is driven by a primitive thirst for pleasure, which he communicates quite openly: “After all, you live to pick flowers of pleasure.” Gogol emphasized that his hero was not a clever swindler at all, but simply an extremely frivolous young man. The appearance of the characters is also quite consistent with their personalities. The respectable mayor has a short haircut and is dressed in a uniform, and Khlestakov spends his last money on a fashionable hairstyle and a “particular dress”, just to show off the eyes of his neighboring landowners. In a word, at first glance, the heroes are absolutely different in social status, in character, and in appearance. And yet, something unites them, otherwise Khlestakov would not have been able to settle as a dear guest in the mayor’s house and, for some time, seem to change places with the “father of the city.” There is, of course, a specific reason for this turn of events - the “unpleasant news” that an auditor from St. Petersburg should secretly come to the city. However, Khlestakov looks so little like an important official that the experienced mayor should have immediately seen through him. Neither the route from St. Petersburg to the village, nor the capital’s costume could mislead the mayor for long. The reason for the protracted misunderstanding lies elsewhere. Let's remember how the heroes behave when they first meet. They both tremble with fear of each other, and fear, as we know, “has big eyes.” What causes mutual fear between Khlestakov and the mayor? Khlestakov never thought in advance about responsibility for his actions. In St. Petersburg, he was engaged not in service, but in entertainment, spent his father’s money in a week and then sent Osip to sell a new tailcoat at a flea market. On the way home, Khlestakov lost completely at cards and by the time he met the mayor, he had already been living in a hotel on credit for the second week. Naturally, he was afraid of the arrival of an important person, because he believed that he was being arrested and sent to prison. The reasons for the mayor’s fear are much more serious. Already from the first act of the comedy, it becomes clear to us that a high position for Anton Antonovich is a means of illegal enrichment. The mayor shamelessly takes bribes, robs merchants, commits arbitrariness, embezzles government money and cares not about performing his service, but about concealing his crimes. Other officials in the city match the boss: a judge who deals primarily with hunting, a trustee of hospitals where people recover “like flies,” a postmaster who reads other people’s letters out of curiosity... Such subordinates only add to the fear rather than reassure the mayor. As a result, general fear gives rise to a completely absurd situation: Khlestakov begins to babble some fantastic nonsense about his importance, and officials, led by the mayor, play along with him, imagining that they managed to escape from the auditor. They even rejoice when Khlestakov, becoming more and more impudent, takes bribes from them. Khlestakov himself does not understand well why the mayor and the officials are prostrating themselves in front of him, the townspeople are making some kind of petitions, so even Osip is forced to notice to the owner that, apparently, he was mistaken for someone else. Having listened to the advice of a clever servant, Khlestakov leaves the city, and manages to blithely propose to the mayor’s daughter and receive the blessing of her parents. This type of behavior received the name “Khlestakovism” after the comedy was published. It is curious that the mayor also becomes infected with “Khlestakovism”: after seeing off his future son-in-law, this experienced servant suddenly begins to fantasize about the rank of general, orders, and social life in St. Petersburg no worse than Khlestakov. The unexpected discovery that Khlestakov is not an auditor, but an “icicle”, a “rag” has an even more crushing effect on the mayor. So, we are convinced that, despite the obvious differences between the heroes in social status and characters, they are united by the fear of punishment for dishonest actions. What makes the mayor and Khlestakov similar is their selfishness, reluctance to work conscientiously, and habit of living at the expense of others. Gogol emphasizes that such types are not the exception, but the rule. The mayor, Khlestakov and all the other heroes of the comedy only submit to the unjust orders that reign in Russia. They are accustomed to living by deception and therefore they themselves often find themselves deceived. It was not Khlestakov who outwitted and frightened the mayor and officials, but they themselves became entangled in their own fears and lies.

Many critics and literary scholars note that the main string of Gogol’s work is laughter through tears. Both laughter and tears are caused by the ugly social structure of Russia. In his comedy “The Inspector General,” the writer deeply revealed the vices and shortcomings of the bureaucratic world, exposing the entire rotten system of Russia. It is not for nothing that after the first performance of The Inspector General, Nicholas I said: “What a play! Everyone got it, and I got it more than anyone else.”

What does Khlestakov and the mayor have in common - these seemingly completely different people? Different in age, social status, mental development and, finally, character? What do the tall, well-fed, important Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky and the small, puny, “stupid” Khlestakov have in common?

Both of them are representatives of the bureaucratic world, endowed with all the negative qualities characteristic of this world. The mayor began his service from the lower ranks, gradually making a career. Khlestakov is also a minor St. Petersburg official. Both are vain and ambitious. But the mayor is “a man created by circumstances,” the embodiment of common sense, dexterity, and cunning calculation, while Khlestakov is a careless and frivolous, an empty braggart, a man “without a king in his head.” Despite this difference, they have a lot in common. Both are hypocrites, dishonest people. \

The mayor in the city entrusted to him behaves like a district king. He not only shamelessly takes bribes from merchants and townspeople, but also calmly pockets the money allocated by the state for the construction of the church, not at all caring about the prosperity of the city. Mistaking Khlestakov for the expected auditor, he displays extraordinary “diplomatic abilities”: pandering to the “state person,” he deftly “screws” Khlestakov into four hundred rubles instead of two hundred. Having learned that Khlestakov is asking for his daughter’s hand in marriage, the mayor immediately makes plans about how he will live in St. Petersburg, and over time, having such a son-in-law, he will be able to “get into generals.” At first Khlestakov doesn’t even realize who he is mistaken for. He lives for the present moment and devotes himself entirely to the “pleasantness” of the new situation. And his main quality - vanity, the desire to show off, to show off - is manifested in full measure. He inspiredly composes fables about his situation in St. Petersburg. A little official, he takes special pleasure in portraying a strict boss, “scolding”, like a mayor, his subordinates, establishing proper order. And just like the mayor, he loves to take bribes, even from his future father-in-law.

Everything that Khlestakov tells about St. Petersburg high society, all the pictures of a brilliant life that he unfolds - everything corresponds to the most cherished dreams and aspirations of the mayors, strawberries, Shpekins, Bobchinskys and Dobchinskys, their ideas about “real life”.

Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov is the very soul of all bureaucratic Nikolaev lackeys and the ideal person in this society.

Thus, both of these people - Khlestakov and the mayor Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, are close in spirit. Both are lackeys by nature, vain and ambitious people, liars and bribe takers who use their official position for selfish purposes.

Gogol brilliantly debunked the sycophancy, fraud, and embezzlement that were typical of Russia of his time.