What did Professor Preobrazhensky do from a dog's heart? Preobrazhensky - a professor from the novel "Heart of a Dog": quotes from the character, image and characteristics of the hero. Animal abuse. Violation of personal rights

Film "Heart of a Dog" based on the work of the same name by M. Bulgakov, it was first shown on Central Television of the Soviet Union on November 19, 1988. As far as I remember, it became a very important film event. The entire population of the USSR clung to the blue screens, following the vicissitudes of the dog Sharik in the guise of citizen Sharikov.
But the main character was the professor, who performed the miracle of transformation. But I was captivated not so much by the plot as by the apt and caustic characteristics of our, as it seemed to us then, Soviet reality. Professor Preobrazhensky was performed by People's Artist Evgeny Evstigneev, so brightly that it is difficult to imagine anyone else in this image (although there is another, foreign film, Heart of a Dog). Evgeny Evstigneev was so wise and convincing in this role
One of these days, Evgeny Aleksandrovich Evstigneev (October 9, 1926, Nizhny Novgorod, RSFSR, USSR - March 4, 1992, London, Great Britain) would have celebrated his 90th birthday.
But for us, the audience, he remains alive in the film roles he embodied, and above all in the role of Professor Preobrazhensky.

Such venerable actors as Leonid Bronevoy, Mikhail Ulyanov, Yuri Yakovlev, Vladislav Strzhelchik fought for the right to play Professor Preobrazhensky in the film directed by Vladimir Bortko, but Evgeny Evstigneev won.
Despite the fact that Evgeniy Aleksandrovich had not read the story “Heart of a Dog” before working on the film, he was so natural in the role of Philip Philipovich that this work became one of the best in his film career. The actor’s son, famous cameraman, director and producer Denis Evstigneev recalled: “This film appeared in my father’s life at the right time and literally saved him.
Dad was going through a difficult period when he was sent into retirement at the Moscow Art Theater. Having a hard time agreeing to work in “Heart of a Dog,” he then simply lived it. I don’t know what happened on the set, but he constantly talked about his role, played something, showed some scenes... At that moment, the picture became a support for him.”

This post presents a quotation image and characterization of Professor Preobrazhensky in the story “Heart of a Dog”, i.e. a description of the appearance and character of the hero in quotes from the story, but Evgeny Evstigneev, who plays this role, is still figuratively represented.

So:
The full name of the hero is Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky:
"...I wish you good health, Philip Philipovich..."
"...Are you kidding me, Professor Preobrazhensky?.."

Professor Preobrazhensky's age is 60 years:
"...I'm 60 years old, I can give you advice..."

Professor Preobrazhensky's father was a cathedral archpriest:
"...Father is a cathedral archpriest..."

Appearance of Professor Preobrazhensky:
"... gentleman, with a French pointed beard and a gray, fluffy and dashing mustache, like those of French knights, but the smell of a hospital flies through the snowstorm, like a hospital. And a cigar..."
"...straightened his fluffy mustache in front of the mirror on the wall..."
"...Kick me with your felt boots, I won't say a word..."
"...helped to remove the heavy fur coat on a black-brown fox with a bluish spark..."

"...After taking off his fur coat, he found himself in a black suit of English cloth, and on his stomach a gold chain sparkled joyfully and dimly..."
"...with eyes shining like the gold rims of his glasses, he watched this procedure..."
"...The nostrils of his hawk nose flared..."
"...His hawk nostrils flared..."

"...His trimmed gray hair was hidden under a white cap..."
"...Philip Philipovich spread his short fingers wide..."
"...Philip Philippovich's face became scary. He bared his porcelain and gold crowns..."
"...he laughed so hard that a golden picket fence sparkled in his mouth..."
“...a heavy thought tormented his learned forehead with licks...” (licks - receding hairlines)

"...Philip Philipovich was in his azure robe and red shoes..." (at home)
"...He came out in the well-known azure robe..."
"...kissed his fluffy, heavily smoky mustache..."
“...Preobrazhensky patted his steep neck, which was prone to paralysis...”

Professor Preobrazhensky is a powerful and energetic person:
"...The former imperious and energetic Philip Philipovich, full of dignity, appeared before the night guests..."

Professor Preobrazhensky is a man of character:
"..“This guy,” the dog thought in delight, “is all like me. Oh, he’s going to bite them now, oh, he’s going to bite them. I don’t know yet – in what way, but he’s going to bite them like that...”

Professor Preobrazhensky is a hot-tempered person:
"...said Philip Philipovich, - my dear, I sometimes yell at you during operations. Forgive the old man's temper..."

Professor Preobrazhensky is a man of his word:
"...I never speak into the wind, you know that very well..."

Professor Preobrazhensky is an honest man. He doesn't leave his colleagues in trouble:
"...to abandon a colleague in the event of a catastrophe, but to jump out into the world, excuse me..."

Professor Preobrazhensky worked at the department at the university:
“...Philip Philipovich,” he exclaimed passionately, “I will never forget how I came to you as a half-starved student, and you gave me shelter at the department...”

Professor Preobrazhensky is a member of the All-Russian Surgical Society:
"...if there was no Aida at the Bolshoi Theater and there was no meeting of the All-Russian Surgical Society, the deity was placed in a deep chair in the office..."

Professor Preobrazhensky is a world-famous surgeon:
"...Philip Philipovich, you are a figure of world significance..."
"...if you weren't a European luminary..."
"..“It has no equal in Europe... By God!” Bormental thought vaguely..."
"...Prof. Preobrazhensky, you are a creator..."

Professor Preobrazhensky is an outstanding personality and great scientist:
"..“but the personality is outstanding...”
“...You are a great scientist, that’s what!” said Bormenthal...”
“...Do you really think that I produce them because of money? After all, I’m a scientist after all...”

Preobrazhensky conducts incredible experiments on people and animals:
"...To one day turn the sweetest dog into such scum that it makes your hair stand on end..."

Perhaps the author’s prototype for Professor Preobrazhensky was his uncle, his mother’s brother, Nikolai Mikhailovich Pokrovsky, gynecologist. His apartment coincides in detail with the description of Philip Philipovich's apartment, and, in addition, he had a dog. This hypothesis is also confirmed by Bulgakov’s first wife, T. N. Lappa, in her memoirs
“As soon as I started reading “Heart of a Dog,” I immediately guessed that it was him. Just as angry, he was always humming something, his nostrils flared, his mustache was just as bushy. He was then very offended by Mikhail for this. Nikolai Mikhailovich was distinguished by an inflexible, hot-tempered character.” However, the similarities are limited to these details. Pokrovsky did not conduct scandalous experiments.

Several real doctors are named as prototypes for the literary character of Professor Preobrazhensky.

Sergei (Samuel) Abramovich Voronov(July 10, 1866, Voronezh, Russian Empire - September 3, 1951, Lausanne, Switzerland) - French surgeon of Russian origin. He became famous for his technique of grafting monkey testicular tissue onto human testicles, which he developed in France in the 1920s and 1930s. However, his work soon fell out of favor and he became a target of ridicule.
At the end of the 19th century, Voronov injected an extract of ground dog and guinea pig testicles under his skin. These experiments did not live up to his hopes of increasing hormonal levels to delay the aging process.
Voronov's remaining experiments were a continuation of this initial experiment. He continued with transplanting the testicles of executed criminals into millionaires, and when demand exceeded his ability to supply, he began using tissue from monkey testicles.

Sensational discovery. At the French Medical Academy, our compatriot, Dr. Sergei Voronov, made a sensational report about the operation he performed in his clinic on a 14-year-old idiot boy. From the age of six, this boy’s mental development stopped, and all the signs of abnormality and cretinism were clearly visible: a dull look, dullness and lack of understanding of the most ordinary things. Voronov inoculated this boy with the thymus gland of a monkey. The success exceeded expectations. The boy's eyes came to life, mental abilities, understanding, and curiosity appeared.

Alexey Andreevich Zamkov(1883 - October 25, 1942, Moscow) - Russian, Soviet doctor, surgeon, therapist, urologist, creator of the world's first industrial hormonal therapy drug "Gravidan". Husband of the famous Soviet monumental sculptor Vera Mukhina (married in 1918).
He gained fame after the drug Gravidan, created by him in 1929, in clinical trials (on Red Army soldiers) gave a noticeable positive effect in the treatment of a number of diseases. Famous Soviet politicians and cultural figures - Molotov, Kalinin, Clara Zetkin, Maxim Gorky and others - became Zamkov's patients. In 1938, his institute was disbanded. Zamkov became seriously ill, he had a heart attack, and 4 years later a second one, after which he died at the age of 59.
He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery. At the grave there is a monument made by his wife, Vera Mukhina, with the inscription: “I did everything I could for the people.”

Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov(July 20, 1870, Shchigry, Kursk province - March 20, 1932, Alma-Ata) - Russian and Soviet biologist with a specialization in the field of artificial insemination and interspecific hybridization of animals. He took part in attempts to breed a hybrid of humans with other primates.
He conducted experiments on artificial insemination of female chimpanzees with human sperm, and made attempts to inseminate women with monkey sperm in Sukhumi.
As part of the political purge in the Soviet scientific community, Gorbunov was exiled to Alma-Ata, where he worked, retaining the title and position of professor at the Kazakh Veterinary and Zootechnical Institute until his death from a stroke on March 20, 1932.

And about “dad” - you’re wrong. Did I ask for an operation?
A good thing: they grabbed the animal, slashed its head with a knife...
Maybe I didn’t give my permission for the operation.
And so do my relatives.
I may have the right to file a claim.

Explain to me, please, why it is necessary to artificially fabricate Spinoza, when any woman can give birth to him at any time?

Humanity itself takes care of this and, in an evolutionary manner, every year persistently, singling out all kinds of scum from the masses, creates dozens of outstanding geniuses who adorn the globe.

Realize that the whole horror is that he no longer has a dog’s heart, but a human heart. And the lousiest of all that exists in nature.

Professor Preobrazhensky is a hardworking person:
"...Doors opened, faces changed, tools rattled in the closet, and Philip Philipovich worked tirelessly..."
“...After all, I sat for five years, picking out appendages from brains... You know what kind of work I did - it’s incomprehensible to my mind...”

Professor Preobrazhensky is a man of facts and observations:
"...Darling, you know me? Don't you? I am a man of facts, a man of observation. I am an enemy of unfounded hypotheses. And this is very well known not only in Russia, but also in Europe. If I say something, This means that there is a certain fact underlying it, from which I draw a conclusion..."

Professor Preobrazhensky is a persistent scientist. He is always researching something:
“...Hands in slippery gloves, an important man plunged into a vessel, took out the brains - a stubborn man, persistent, always achieving something, cutting, examining, squinting and singing...”

Preobrazhensky - teacher and friend of Dr. Bormental:
"...That's it, Bormenthal, you are the first student of my school and, moreover, my friend, as I was convinced today..."

Preobrazhensky knows important officials:
"...if you were not a European luminary, and they would not stand up for you in the most outrageous way<...>persons, whom I am sure we will explain later, you should be arrested..."

The first edition of “Heart of a Dog” contained almost open allusions to a number of political figures of that time, in particular to the Soviet plenipotentiary representative in London Christian Rakovsky and a number of other functionaries known in the circles of the Soviet intelligentsia for scandalous love affairs

Professor Preobrazhensky is a wealthy man:
“...However, apparently he doesn’t have a lot of money anyway...”

Professor Preobrazhensky lives in Moscow:
"...I have been living in this house since 1903. And during this time, until March 1917, there was not a single case..."

Preobrazhensky lives in the “Kalabukhov house” on Prechistenka:
"...Is it said somewhere in Karl Marx that the 2nd entrance of the Kalabukhov house on Prechistenka should be boarded up..."

Moscow, Prechistenka street, 24/1 (“Kalabukhovsky house”). Architect Semyon Kulagin. 1904

It is generally accepted that the main prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky’s home was the apartment building 24/1 on the corner of Prechistenka and Obukhov Lane, built according to the design of the architect S. F. Kulagin in 1904 on a plot owned by E. S. Pavlovskaya. The house is a five-story massive structure with rusticated cladding on the first floor. On the facade facing Obukhov (from 1922 - Chisty) lane, there are two high windows connecting the second and third floors. Several windows along the facade on Prechistenka are decorated with porticoes with half-columns.

At the beginning of the 20th century, two of Bulgakov’s maternal uncles lived in this house - doctors Nikolai Mikhailovich and Mikhail Mikhailovich Pokrovsky. The first of them became the main prototype of F. F. Preobrazhensky. In the Moscow address books of the pre-revolutionary and first post-revolutionary years, the same address of the brothers is listed differently: “Pokrovsky N. M. - women’s diseases - Obukhov Lane, 1, apartment 12” and “Pokrovsky M. M. - venereal diseases - Prechistenka, 24, apartment 12.”

In the film version of “Heart of a Dog,” filmed in Leningrad, the role of “Kalabukhovsky” was played by house 27-29 on Mokhovaya Street - a former apartment building of the Rossiya insurance company, built in the French Renaissance style according to the design of the architect L. N. Benois at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the twentieth century.

Petersburg, st. Mokhovaya, 27-29

Preobrazhensky lives in a 7-room apartment. This is where it works:
"...You live alone in seven rooms..."
“...I live and work alone in seven rooms,” answered Philip Philipovich, “and I would like to have an eighth. I need it for a library...”

Zina, there in the waiting room... Is she in the waiting room?
- In the waiting room, green as vitriol.
- Green book...
- Well, now fire. It's official, from the library!
- Correspondence - it's called, what's his name... Engels with this devil... To the stove!

Moscow local historian and Bulgakov expert B. S. Myagkov points out that Pokrovsky’s apartment initially had five rooms, but after the arrival of his nieces in 1920, one of the large rooms was partitioned off, resulting in seven rooms. Pokrovsky's nieces, Alexandra Andreevna and Oksana Mitrofanovna, lived in this apartment until the end of the 1970s.
Pointing out that the description of Professor Preobrazhensky’s seven-room apartment coincides in detail with Pokrovsky’s apartment, B.V. Sokolov makes the observation that “in the address of the prototype, the street names are associated with the Christian tradition, and his surname (in honor of the holiday of the Intercession) corresponds to the character’s surname associated with the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord."

The lobby of the “Kalabukhov house” with a marble main staircase and the mezzanine, where Preobrazhensky’s “luxurious apartment” was located, were borrowed by Bulgakov from the building 13/7, building 1, which stood opposite, at the intersection of Prechistenka and Lopukhinsky Lane.

Profitable house J. A. Rekka. Moscow, Prechistenka, 13/7
The impressive building at 13 Prechistenka Street in Moscow, on the corner of Lopukhinsky Lane, was built in 1911 by order of a trade and construction company managed by the “developer” Yakov Rekka. The project was developed by architect G.A. Gelrich in the Moscow Art Nouveau style.

The house has a luxurious exterior: the first two floors are lined with relief masonry; the facade is decorated with stucco decorations; faceted forms of bay windows; balustrades on arched loggias. In addition, the house has a landscaped courtyard.

Before the revolution, two apartments on the last, sixth floor of the house were occupied by a relative of the Faberge jeweler Alexander. The surname of Anna Frantsevna Fougere - the jeweler from “The Master and Margarita” - is consonant with the surname of Faberge. Although she “lived” in an apartment on Bolshaya Sadovaya, 10 (the writer himself lived there and where his museum “Bad Apartment” was created), the interior decoration of the premises corresponded to the decor in the former rooms of Alexander Faberge: a huge chandelier on a chain (one of the characters - cat Behemoth); fireplace with beautifully crafted cast iron grate; wooden sofas located on landings; description of the main entrance to the building.

Entrance of the house of J. A. Rekka. Moscow, Prechistenka, 13/7

After the revolution, the house was “densified.” Faberge ended up in exile, and Bulgakov’s acquaintances, artists from the “Jack of Diamonds” group, settled in apartments 11 and 12 that belonged to him. Bulgakov loved to visit them. Some of the interiors of Professor Preobrazhensky’s apartment were borrowed from their home.
The interior spaces had rich decoration and a layout that suited the needs of wealthy clients: huge apartments with up to seven rooms, oak parquet, high ceilings with stucco decorations, and a grand staircase made of marble.

interior with the neighboring apartment building of Pertsov in Moscow.

Along with the mezzanine, which is absent in house 24, other realities that belonged to house 13 were borrowed for the Kalabukhov house - the glass front door, at which a doorman was on duty with a “band with gold braid”, gray marble steps in the lobby, carpet on the stairs, oak hanger, “galosh rack”. House 13 also corresponds to the number of apartments on the stairs of the Kalabukhovsky building: “Notice, there are 12 apartments here...” says Professor Bormental. There were 8 apartments in the building of 24.

Modern view of the main staircase

Why was the carpet removed from the main staircase? Does Karl Marx prohibit carpets on stairs? Is it said somewhere in Karl Marx that the 2nd entrance of the Kalabukhov house on Prechistenka should be boarded up and walked around through the back yard? Who needs it?
Dog's heart. Ch. 3

There certainly was no such decoration in the house on the corner of Prechistenka and Chistoy (Obukhov) Lane. And the reference to the number of apartments - numbering 12 - exactly corresponded to the house on Prechistenka Street, 13.
This luxury club house now has 15 apartments. Reconstruction of the Recca apartment building, built by the architect Gustav Helrich. The apartment has a working fireplace. Beautiful panoramic views of the Kremlin and the historical center of Moscow. Ceilings 3.8 meters. 24 hour security. (From an advertisement for the sale of apartments).

“- Was it you who moved into Fyodor Pavlovich Sablin’s apartment?
“Us,” Shvonder answered.
- God! The Kalabukhov house has disappeared! - Philip Philipovich exclaimed in despair and clasped his hands.

Dog's heart. Ch. 2
The professor repeats it again, having heard the sounds of choral singing coming from “somewhere above and to the side” of the new neighbors - “tenants”:

"- Again! - Philip Philipovich exclaimed sadly, - well, now, therefore, the Kalabukhov house has disappeared. I'll have to leave, but where, one wonders? Everything will be like clockwork. First, there will be singing every evening, then the pipes in the toilets will freeze, then the steam heating boiler will burst, and so on. Cover for Kalabukhov!”
- Dog's heart. Ch. 3

The house committees that Professor Preobrazhensky complained about, and one of which was headed by Shvonder, really worked very poorly after the revolution. As an example, we can cite the order to the residents of the Kremlin dated October 14, 1918: “[...] house committees do not at all fulfill the duties assigned to them by law: the dirt in the courtyards and squares, in the houses, on the stairs, in the corridors and apartments is appalling. Garbage from apartments is not removed for weeks; it sits on the stairs, spreading infection. The stairs are not only not washed, but also not swept. Manure, garbage, and the corpses of dead cats and dogs lie in the yards for weeks. Stray cats roam everywhere, being constant carriers of infection. There is a “Spanish” disease in the city, which has reached the Kremlin and has already caused deaths...”

Let me ask you, why does it smell so disgusting?
Sharikov sniffed the jacket with concern.
- Well, well, it smells... it’s known: it’s in the specialty. Yesterday cats were strangled and strangled.

Professor Preobrazhensky is an intelligent and confident person:
"...After this we had a meeting with Philip Philipovich. For the first time, I must confess, I saw this confident and amazingly intelligent man confused..."

Professor Preobrazhensky is a sensible and experienced person:
"...there is none of this very counter-revolution in my words. They contain common sense and life experience..."

Professor Preobrazhensky does not like the proletariat:
“..–You are a hater of the proletariat!” the woman said proudly.
“Yes, I don’t like the proletariat,” Philip Philipovich agreed sadly..."

What is this devastation of yours? Old woman with a stick? The witch who broke all the windows and put out all the lamps? Yes, it doesn’t exist at all. What do you mean by this word? This is this: if, instead of operating every evening, I start singing in chorus in my apartment, I will be in ruins. If, entering the restroom, I start, excuse the expression, urinating past the toilet and Zina and Daria Petrovna do the same, devastation will begin in the restroom. Consequently, the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads.

Don't read Soviet newspapers before breakfast.
- Well, there are no others.
- Don’t read any of them.

Dad is a forensic investigator...
- This is bad heredity!

Somehow you are painfully oppressing me, dad.
- What?! What kind of dad am I to you? What kind of familiarity is this? Call me by my first name and patronymic.
- Come on, don’t give a damn, don’t smoke, don’t go there. Clean, like a tram. Why are you not letting me live?

I need the document, Philip Philipich.
- Document? Damn... Or maybe this... somehow...
- This is - I'm sorry. You know, a person without documents is strictly prohibited from existing.

But I'm not Isadora Duncan! I will have lunch in the dining room and operate in the operating room!

Cold appetizers and soup are eaten only by landowners who were undercut by the Bolsheviks. A more or less self-respecting person handles hot snacks (Preobrazhensky).

Professor Preobrazhensky is a law-abiding citizen:
"...Never commit a crime, no matter who it is directed against. Live to old age with clean hands..."

Professor Preobrazhensky does not like to fuss and rush:
“...The one who is in no hurry to get anywhere succeeds,” the owner edifyingly explained. “Of course, if I started jumping around meetings and singing like a nightingale all day long, instead of going about my direct business, I wouldn’t be anywhere.” ripe..."

Professor Preobrazhensky does not like violence:
“...You can’t tear anyone down,” Philip Philipovich worried, “remember this once and for all. You can influence a person and an animal only by suggestion...”

Professor Preobrazhensky loves music. For example, the opera "Aida" by Verdi:
"...today in the big one - “Aida”. I haven’t heard it for a long time. I love it... Remember? Duet... tari-ra-rim..."

Preobrazhensky loves to sing songs:
(for example, “From Seville to Grenada” and “To the banks of the sacred Nile”)
“...looked at it, squinted and sang: “To the sacred banks of the Nile...”
"...Humming as usual, he asked: “What are we going to do now?” And he himself answered literally like this: “Moscow seamstress, yes... From Seville to Grenada...”

Professor Preobrazhensky is a lonely man:
“...In essence, I’m so lonely...”

“This one eats abundantly and does not steal, this one will not kick, but he himself is not afraid of anyone, and he is not afraid because he is always full.” (Sharik)

P.S. The story was first published abroad in 1968, and in our country it was published only during perestroika. The publication of “Heart of a Dog” took place in the June 1987 issue of the magazine “Znamya”, and in November of the following year the premiere of the television version of the story took place.
In 1990, the director of the film, Vladimir Bortko, and Evgeny Evstigneev, who played the role of Professor Preobrazhensky, became laureates of the State Prize of the RSFSR named after the Vasilyev brothers.

Professor Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky is one of the main characters in the novel “Heart of a Dog,” an excellent doctor and talented scientist. He decides to conduct a risky experiment on a stray dog, transplanting a human pituitary gland into him. As a result of this experience, instead of the affectionate and kind dog Sharik, the parasite and drunkard Sharikov turns out.

The professor became for Sharikov the first and most important teacher of humanity. After all, in order to become a person, it is not enough just to learn to talk. The scientist wanted to overcome the inherent bestial essence of his own creation, to make Sharikov a highly developed, worthy person.

Preobrazhensky is the embodiment of education and high culture. It is with the help of this character that the author expresses his own thoughts and views. According to his convictions, the professor is a supporter of the old pre-revolutionary order.

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He deeply sympathizes with the previous regime, under which life was “comfortable and good,” and “there was order” in everything. Preobrazhensky takes the “devastation” that came after the revolution hard and is confident that the proletarians will not be able to cope with it. He believes that, first of all, people need to be taught a basic culture of behavior, and only then mayhem will disappear and order will triumph. However, this philosophy of the scientist fails. He fails to raise a reasonable person in Sharikov, despite all his efforts, which completely exhausted the professor.

Philip Philipovich is convinced that nothing good can be done with the help of brute force, and it is especially unacceptable in the education of both humans and animals. But, nevertheless, he conducts his terrible experiment, trying to artificially create a real person in the laboratory. As a result, the result was an ignorant creature with a dead soul. Philip Philipovich watched his creation in horror, trying to somehow influence Sharikov’s behavior. At the end of the novel, the scientist comes to the conclusion that there is only one way out of the current situation. Together with his assistant, Dr. Bormental, he performs the reverse operation and brings the harmless dog Sharik back to life.

Updated: 2012-08-22

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Professor Philip Filipich Preobrazhensky, a brilliant doctor and outstanding scientist, is one of the central characters in Mikhail Bulgakov’s fantastic story “The Heart of a Dog.” A world-famous luminary and talented experimental scientist plans to transplant a human pituitary gland and testes into a stray dog ​​Sharik, and brilliantly brings his plan to life. The reader learns what came of this in the story, in which Professor Preobrazhensky plays the key role of the creator and then the educator of Polygraph Poligraphych Sharikov, who appeared as a result of the experiment.

Characteristics of the hero

(Evgeny Evstigneev as Professor Preobrazhensky, film "Heart of a Dog", USSR 1988, filmed in sepia color)

The story takes place in Moscow in 1924 after the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, came to power in the country. An outstanding medical genius lives in a huge seven-room apartment in the center of the capital and is engaged in research in the field of rejuvenation of the human body. He is a rather elderly man of 60 years old with a French pointed beard and a bushy curled mustache, thoroughly saturated with the smell of tobacco and hospital. Thanks to his intelligence, talented hands and hard work, he achieved a high position in pre-revolutionary society and was a fairly wealthy and respected person. Apparently he received a good education and is a bearer of high culture. He considers the Bolsheviks who came to power to be a temporary phenomenon and supports the “old order”, because under it he lived very well. He considers the lack of elementary culture to be the misfortune of the proletarians; the devastation will only come to an end when at least the elementary rules of education and culture are instilled in them.

The professor lives alone and alone, engaged exclusively in work and research. His only friend and colleague is the young assistant Doctor Bormenthal, who is very devoted to his teacher and becomes a real support and support for the professor in his difficult struggle with the presumptuous Sharikov.

(Dog as Sharik. Rare photo from the filming of the film "Heart of a Dog" in 1988)

The professor brings the stray dog ​​Sharik into the house and, having transplanted his pituitary gland and testes from the rowdy and repeat offender Klim Chugunkin, who died in a drunken fight, he ends up with a terrible rude, impudent and troublemaker Poligraf Poligrafych Sharikov. An opponent of violence, a sensible and experienced professor is trying to re-educate the creation of his hands, to instill in him something reasonable, good and eternal, but he suffers a complete fiasco. Things come to threats with the use of weapons and the conflict between Preobrazhensky and Sharkov, who is its complete antipode, reaches its climax. Then Preobrazhensky realizes what a mistake his thoughtless intervention in nature was and, together with Dr. Bormental, carries out an operation to turn Sharikov back into a dog.

The image of the hero in the work

Professor Preobrazhensky in Bulgakov's story is the embodiment of the outgoing pre-revolutionary era and its culture. An outstanding Russian scientist who was accustomed to respect and honor in a past life, he has not yet encountered the power of the Bolsheviks and does not know their attitude towards the former. Unwittingly, with his own hands he creates a typical representative of the new government, who immediately begins to snatch the scientist from the world. This was the deep and terrible mistake of the Russian intelligentsia, which out of ignorance helped the Bolsheviks strengthen their power, and then they became the main initiators of their destruction.

Realizing his fatal mistake, the professor tries to fix everything and, at first glance, he succeeds. However, the end of the story is not at all optimistic, because there are millions of people in the country in which Sharikov is still dormant, but when he wakes up and comes out, he will cause a lot of trouble.