The poem "like the ocean envelops the globe" Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Analysis of the poem “How the Ocean Envelops the Globe” by Tyutchev

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev went down in the history of Russian literature as a highly gifted lyric poet, who expressed in his work a romantic understanding of the spiritual life of man and the life of nature. He continued the traditions of Zhukovsky and German romantic culture, but developed them on the basis of a new philosophical worldview. The poet abandoned the lyric-epic kind of poetry; he does not have the fantasy motifs characteristic of Zhukovsky’s ballads. Tyutchev dedicated his lyrics to philosophical and psychological problems. His understanding of life evoked a mood of deep tragedy, which became the main motive of the poet’s work. At the same time, Tyutchev’s lyrics are full of romantic significance and are distinguished by the depth of their analysis of emotional experiences and perception of nature; in that - strong point his creativity.

The true greatness of the poet Tyutchev is revealed in his philosophical lyrics. And although during the entire first half of the 1830s only five of his poems appeared in print, it was in the works of this period of creativity that the author manifested himself to the highest degree as genius artist, a deep thinker, a subtle psychologist, capable of talking about the meaning of human existence, the life of nature, the connection of man with this life, love. It is to this period of the poet’s work that the poems “How the Ocean Envelops globe"(1830) and "How sweetly the dark green garden slumbers" (1835).

“I am horrified by the eternal silence of these endless spaces,” wrote Pascal, whose philosophy so amazed Tyutchev’s imagination. Is it not from here that images appeared in the poet’s lyrics that evoke a feeling of anxiety in a person, especially aggravated at night, when the ghostly barrier disappears - visible world- between man and the “abyss” with its “fears and darkness”:

As the ocean envelops the globe,

Earthly life surrounded by dreams;

Night will come - and with sonorous waves

The element hits its shore...

A curtain fell on the world of day;

Movement has become exhausted, labor has fallen asleep...

Above the sleeping city, as in the tops of the forest,

A wonderful, nightly rumble woke up...

The “night” person, deprived of vision, has a sharper hearing, and he hears the “hedgehog rumble”, the noise of the elements, which reminds him of his “native”, but no less of that terrible primordial chaos. This feeling of the approach of the unknown, the incomprehensible brings the poems “How the Ocean Envelops the Globe” and “How Sweetly the Dark Green Garden Slumbers” together in theme and general mood.

On the other hand, the very nature of the experiences of the lyrical hero in the first poem is deeply different from the nature of the experiences of the hero of Tyutchev’s second work. In the first case, the hero feels that he, a man, an inhabitant of the Earth, is surrounded on all sides by a real, real abyss - the Universe. What is the Universe? It's scary to even think about it. In the second case, the lyrical hero makes a timid attempt to “explore the unknown”; he even dares to make an assumption about the origin, about the nature of the Universe:

Where does it come from, this incomprehensible hum?..

Or mortal thoughts freed by sleep,

The world is incorporeal, audible but invisible,

Now swarms in the chaos of the night:

For Tyutchev, the unknown is invariably identified with the image of nature, for example, in the poem “How the ocean embraces the globe of the earth...” non-existence is embodied in the image of the ocean, a raging element, and in the poem “How sweetly the dark green garden slumbers...” - in the image of the starry sky. This technique is often called animation in literature. But this is a special case. Animation as artistic technique there is a kind of metaphor. For Tyutchev, the animation of nature occurs without any metaphorical basis. Tyutchev’s animation is not an artistic device, but a philosophical conviction, not a “nice word,” but an exact name, calling things by their proper names. Indeed, the ocean and the starry sky evoke in the reader an inevitable association with infinity, with other world, coming to a person only in a dream. And the images of the Earth, garden, apple trees, flowers represent real life, phenomena accessible to humans. Hence the parallel “day - night” that arises in both poems: day, like “earthly life,” is understandable, it can be described and studied, it is bright and clear, but it is replaced by night, which, on the contrary, embodies something unsteady, elusive, mysterious. These two categories, like black and white, recall the very essence of nature - the struggle and unity of opposites, and therefore the essence of a person floating through life:

And we float, a burning abyss

Surrounded on all sides.

Based benchmarking two poems by F.I. Tyutchev, we can conclude that in the poet’s philosophical lyrics, landscape is a cast of what is inside and outside a person. Man, therefore, according to the poet, is the meeting place of two abysses, peace and chaos, and is the connection and unification of these two worlds. It is difficult to express all this logically and consistently, in strict terms and concepts. Obviously, there is only one opportunity to say the unspeakable, to express the inexpressible - the one that Tyutchev took advantage of. The image found by the great poet cannot but delight with its capacity and expressiveness. As I.S. once said. Turgenev, describing creative method Tyutchev: “Each of his poems began with a thought, but a thought that, like a fiery point, flared up under the influence of a deep feeling or strong impression; As a result, Mr. Tyutchev’s thought never appears naked and abstract to the reader, but always merges with an image taken from the world of the soul or nature, permeated by it, and itself penetrates it inseparably and inseparably.”

As the ocean envelops the globe,
Earthly life is surrounded by dreams;
Night will come - and with sonorous waves
The element hits its shore.
That's her voice: he forces us and asks...
Already in the pier the magical boat came to life;
The tide is rising and sweeping us away quickly
Into the immeasurability of dark waves.
The vault of heaven, burning with the glory of the stars,
Looks mysteriously from the depths, -
And we float, a burning abyss
Surrounded on all sides.

The poem “As the ocean embraces the globe...” was written in 1830, when Tyutchev lived in Munich, where he met with famous German writers and philosophers (Heine, Schiller, etc.), so his poems are replete with philosophical reflections. From the first lines, the hero plunges into a night's sleep, which captivates him. Declared topic nightlife The human soul characterizes all of Tyutchev’s work. Compositionally, the poem is clearly divided into three parts by stanzas that define the idea of the text.

The author compares two worlds: the majestic and formidable world of the elements of the ocean and the world of the night, which bewitches people. Sleep is a state of consciousness when a person cannot control his body and thoughts, when he receives information from another world, sleep is the border between mystery and reality, the connecting link between the material and spiritual worlds, “day and night.” The elements are similar, but one rules over the human body, and the other over his thoughts.

The heroes are captivated by the magic of the night, which “bores and begs.” In the darkness of the night, the heroes must find a path that will lead them to land, but the tide carries them away.

The elements surrounding the heroes unite into one whole, expressing themselves through each other. “Deep Sky” and “Burning Abyss” - a complete fusion of elements, catharsis, the most important moment In human life. The heroes are surrounded by an abyss, they are at the mercy of the universe - a harmonious but unknown world. The shuttle is a life-saving boat that prevents the heroes from being captured, but it cannot withstand the elements forever. The author breaks off the narrative, leaving the characters to themselves and the world around them.

F. Tyutchev masterfully displayed human existence using images of nature. A striking example This is the poem “As the ocean embraces the globe.” Schoolchildren study it in 10th grade. We invite you to familiarize yourself with brief analysis“As the ocean envelops the globe” according to plan.

Brief Analysis

History of creation- the work was written in the period from 1828 to 1830, first published under the title “Dreams” in the magazine “Galatea” in 1830.

Theme of the poem- human dreams.

Composition– In terms of meaning, the poem is not divided into parts, representing the author’s holistic reflection on a person’s dreams. Formally, the poem consists of three quatrains.

Genre- elegy.

Poetic size - iambic pentameter, in the first stanza the rhyme is ring ABBA, in the second and third - cross ABAB.

Metaphors- “Earthly life is surrounded by dreams all around,” “the tide is growing and quickly carries us into the immensity of dark waves,” “we are floating, surrounded by a burning abyss on all sides.”

Epithets – “sounding waves”, “magic boat”, “dark waves”, “star glory”.

Comparison - “Just as the ocean envelops the globe, earthly life is surrounded by dreams.”

History of creation

The work was written in 1828-1830, when the poet lived in Munich. While abroad he had the opportunity to communicate with German philosophers and masters of the pen. Thus, philosophical motives begin to dominate in his work.

The poem under analysis was first published in the journal Galatea under the title “Dream.” Other works of Tyutchev were published in the same periodical. They demonstrated the poet's talent, but did not bring him fame.

Subject

The poem develops the theme of human dreams. The author originally interprets a motif common in world literature, creating vivid metaphorical images. In the center of the work is the lyrical “I”, which in the last stanza smoothly turns into “We”.

The lyrical hero is almost unnoticeable; his thoughts and imagination are much more important. In the first stanzas, he compares dreams to the ocean. Life is perceived as something inseparable from sleep. Dreams are a powerful element with “resonant waves”.

The sleepy element calls to a man and quickly carries his boat away into the distance of its waves. In the third stanza it turns out that the ocean is actually the sky, beckoning us with its stars and mystery. People float along the burning abyss during their dreams. Thus, F. Tyutchev develops the idea that, having fallen asleep, a person finds himself in the firmament.

Composition

The composition of the poem is simple. In terms of meaning, it is not divided into parts, presenting a holistic monologue about a person’s dreams. Formally, the poem consists of three quatrains.

Genre

The genre of the poem is elegy, so in the story the lyrical hero indulges in leisurely philosophical reflections over the problem at hand. The poetic meter is iambic pentameter. The author used different types rhymes: in the first stanza - ring ABBA, in the second and third - cross ABAB. The work contains both male and female rhymes.

Means of expression

To reveal the theme, the poet created bright original images, using means of expressiveness in each verse. Prevail in the text metaphors: earthly life is surrounded by dreams all around,” “the tide is growing and quickly carries us into the immensity of dark waves,” “we are floating, surrounded by a burning abyss on all sides.” With help comparisons a key image is created: “just as the ocean envelops the globe, earthly life is surrounded by dreams.” Epithets complete the picture: “sounding waves”, “magic boat”, “dark waves”, “star glory”.

The sound of the ocean is reproduced using the alliteration “s”, “h”: “night will come - and the elements hit its shore with sonorous waves.”

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev

As the ocean envelops the globe,
Earthly life is surrounded by dreams;
Night will come - and with sonorous waves
The element hits its shore.

That's her voice; he forces us and asks...
Already in the pier the magical boat came to life;
The tide is rising and sweeping us away quickly
Into the immeasurability of dark waves.

The vault of heaven, burning with the glory of the stars,
Looks mysteriously from the depths, -
And we float, a burning abyss
Surrounded on all sides.

The poem “As the ocean envelops the globe…” was first published in the magazine “Galatea” in 1830 under the title “Dreams”. The key image of the work is the image of the abyss, often found in Tyutchev’s works. Here she is presented to readers as mysterious and beautiful. With just a few lines, the poet managed to convey all the splendor of the night sky, strewn with stars. Why does this scare a person? amazing picture? Behind the depths of the abyss lies something that the mind cannot comprehend. This is how almost primitive fear is born. As the poem progresses, the starry sky turns into a fiery abyss, which allows Tyutchev to simultaneously demonstrate two feelings - admiration and fear.

The dream motif, which is also characteristic of other works of the poet, for example, “Dream at Sea”, “Swan”, is extremely important for “As the ocean embraces the globe...”. Going to sleep gives you a chance to the lyrical hero to comprehend the secrets of the universe, to touch the life of one’s own soul outside of reality, the laws of reason. The night becomes a time of revelations. A person responds to her call, strives for knowledge. But it is almost impossible to comprehend the secrets of the universe, and this is the tragedy. According to Tyutchev’s thoughts, people are forced to constantly swim, surrounded on all sides by a blazing abyss. They are lonely, weak in mind. It turns out that a person is just a helpless grain of sand on the scale of an infinite universe, an eternal wanderer who never stops moving for a moment. Immensity surrounds him: below is the ocean, above is the sky. The infinity and vastness of the world for the poet is not just a philosophical maxim. They are absorbed into his mental life. For Fyodor Ivanovich there was no division between the cosmic and the personal. His individual existence is completely dissolved in the universal.

“As the ocean embraces the globe...” is usually attributed to Tyutchev’s “night” lyrics. It is characterized by the use of high vocabulary and words of the Church Slavonic language. In addition, poeticisms are often found. As for the poem in question, “voice” belongs to the first category, and “shuttle” to the second.

Tyutchev is a poet-philosopher. This thesis is once again confirmed by a careful study of the “night” lyrics. From it one can understand Fyodor Ivanovich’s attitude to man and his purpose, to the problems of knowledge, to space, to the existence of an individual.

“Like the ocean envelops the globe...” Fyodor Tyutchev

As the ocean envelops the globe,
Earthly life is surrounded by dreams;
Night will come - and with sonorous waves
The element hits its shore.

That's her voice; he forces us and asks...
Already in the pier the magical boat came to life;
The tide is rising and sweeping us away quickly
Into the immeasurability of dark waves.

The vault of heaven, burning with the glory of the stars,
Looks mysteriously from the depths, -
And we float, a burning abyss
Surrounded on all sides.

Analysis of Tyutchev’s poem “As the ocean embraces the globe...”

The poem “As the ocean envelops the globe…” was first published in the magazine “Galatea” in 1830 under the title “Dreams”. The key image of the work is the image of the abyss, often found in Tyutchev’s works. Here she is presented to readers as mysterious and beautiful. With just a few lines, the poet managed to convey all the splendor of the night sky, strewn with stars. Why does this delightful picture scare people? Behind the depths of the abyss lies something that the mind cannot comprehend. This is how almost primitive fear is born. As the poem progresses, the starry sky turns into a fiery abyss, which allows Tyutchev to simultaneously demonstrate two feelings - admiration and fear.

The motif of sleep, which is also characteristic of other works of the poet, for example, “Dream at Sea”, ““, is extremely important for “As the ocean embraces the globe...”. Immersion in sleep gives the lyrical hero a chance to comprehend the secrets of the universe, to touch the life of his own soul outside of reality, the laws of reason. The night becomes a time of revelations. A person responds to her call, strives for knowledge. But it is almost impossible to comprehend the secrets of the universe, and this is the tragedy. According to Tyutchev’s thoughts, people are forced to constantly swim, surrounded on all sides by a blazing abyss. They are lonely, weak in mind. It turns out that a person is just a helpless grain of sand on the scale of an infinite universe, an eternal wanderer who never stops moving for a moment. Immensity surrounds him: below is the ocean, above is the sky. The infinity and vastness of the world for the poet is not just a philosophical maxim. They are absorbed into his mental life. For Fyodor Ivanovich there was no division between the cosmic and the personal. His individual existence is completely dissolved in the universal.