How to use had in English. The verb has, had in English. Features of the use of the verb to have and its forms has and had

If you immediately understand the forms of this verb, then use of have has in English will seem very simple. Just remember the verb to be– he has three forms in the present tense. And to have- only two. This is already pleasing, isn’t it? And if you also correlate the rules of the simple present tense and the form of the verb “to have,” then everything generally falls into place!

Using have has in English

So what's special about use of have has in English? First, it is important to pay attention to which subject is in your sentence. It is from this moment that it depends which form of the verb needs to be used. According to grammatical rules, has only friends with he, she, it; A have- with all other persons and numbers.

Secondly, do not forget that in addition to statements, there are also questions with denials. Today it is acceptable to simply add in negation not to the corresponding verb form to have, and for a question, put the same form in front of the subject who has something in your sentence. You can also ask for help from do And does. For negatives with he, she, it will do doesn't, and for everyone else - don't. In the question, take out do or does(For he, she, it) in front of the subject.

In other words, using have has in English it is practically no different from other verbs in the present tense. It is only important to remember that there is a form has.

Using have in English with examples

Like all other rules, use of have in English It's better to remember with examples. This is what we will do right now!

example	translation
(+) We have two cars in the garage.	We have two cars in the garage.
(-) We haven't two cars in the garage. We don't have two cars in the garage.	We don't have two cars in the garage.
(?) Have you a car in the garage? Do you have a car in the garage?	Do you have a car in the garage?
(+) He has five dogs at home.	He has five dogs at home.
(-) He hasn't dogs at home. He doesn't have dogs at home.	He doesn't have dogs at home.

To have is one of the most commonly used verbs in the English language, and, unfortunately, is used incorrectly in many cases.

This verb appears at all levels, but in textbooks the information is given scatteredly, and the features of the verb to have are almost never discussed in detail and systematized.
Therefore, ideas about the verb to have ambiguous: many believe that this is a very unusual verb, it has some special forms, questions and negations, whether it is semantic or auxiliary, it has different meanings, sometimes it is translated, sometimes not...

Indeed, the verb to have has a lot of meanings (which we will look at shortly in this article), so it can be translated in different ways. It is true that it can be both semantic and auxiliary (more on this later).

But its forms are very simple: there are only three of them. In the present tense, have has two forms: have for (I, you, we, they) and has for (he, she, it).

I don't have a yacht. - I don't have a yacht.
He does not have a girlfriend. - He doesn't have a girlfriend.
You didn't have much money. -You didn't have a lot of money.

And now attention: typical mistake. In short answers to general questions we do not use have, but an auxiliary verb of the tense in which the question is asked:

Do you have a yacht? - Yes, I do./No, I don’t. (So wrong: Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.)
Does he have a girlfriend? - Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. (So wrong: Yes, he has./No, I hasn’t.)
Did you have much money? - Yes, we did./No, we didn’t. (So wrong: Yes, I had./No, I hadn’t.)

2. Relationship.

When we talk about people: about our family or loved ones, it’s more of an attitude than a possession, don’t you agree? Although the translation will be the same as in the first meaning: “someone (has) someone”:

I have two sisters. - I (have) two sisters.
We have a lot of friends. - We (have) many friends.
They have a big family. - They (have) a big family.

Again I emphasize that, speaking in the first two meanings, the verb have is State Verb. This means that he can't used in group tenses Continuous. We cannot observe action as such. It would be wrong to say: I am having a car or she is having a brother. Remember that in the meaning “I have” - only I have .

Second important point. The verb have in meanings own, possess, have in colloquial speech it is often replaced by the form have got. About the differences have And have got we will talk in a separate article, which will appear on the blog very soon due to numerous requests from our subscribers. I recommend checking it out, stay tuned for updates!

3. Actions.

Do you know why there are so many fixed expressions with the verb have?
The fact is that in addition to its basic meanings described above, it can also replace other verbs, and therefore “has taken root” in speech in these combinations. Let's look at examples of expressions in which have - does not mean “to have, own, possess,” but replaces another action:

Have in meaning eat (eat) :

Have breakfast/lunch/dinner - have breakfast, lunch, dinner
have a sandwich for breakfast - have a sandwich for breakfast
I will have a salad and some chicken, please. - I will (eat) salad and chicken, please.
What do you have for dinner? - What do you eat for dinner?
He is having his breakfast now. - He's having breakfast now.

Have in meaning drink (drink) :

Have some coffee/ some tea - drink coffee, tea
have a glass of wine - drink a glass of wine
I will have a cup of green tea. - I will (drink) a cup of green tea.
You should have some water if you are hot. - You should drink water if you feel hot.

Have in meaning suffer from(to suffer from) or experience(to experience, to experience):

Have a headache - suffer from a headache
have a cold - suffer from a cold
have a cough - suffer from a cough
I am having a terrible toothache! - I have a terrible toothache!
have an accident - survive an accident
have a difficulty - experience difficulties

Have in meaning give birth to(beget):

Have a baby - give birth to a child
She is going to have a baby. - She will have a child.
They want to have three children. - They want to have three children.
Our dog had four puppies. - Our dog gave birth to four puppies.

Have in meaning get(receive, buy):

Have news - get news
have information - get information
have a hometask - get homework
I must have those new shoes! - I have to buy those new shoes!

Have in combination with a noun conveys a single short-term action, the meaning of which depends on the noun. It's not difficult, look:

Have a walk - take a walk
have a look - look
have a bath/shower - take a swim
have a talk - talk
have a conversation - talk
have a drink - drink
have a swim - swim
have a ride - take a ride
have a nap - take a nap

In the above expressions we say have, we mean another verb, which is an action verb, so changing the meaning from state to action, the verb have can be used in Continuous tenses. Which, by the way, you might have noticed in some examples.

4. Have to is the equivalent of the modal verb must.

If after the verb have there is an infinitive with a particle to, then you have the equivalent of a modal verb must(must, must). The fact is that must does not have past or future forms.
But we need to talk about obligations not only in the present, but also in the past and future tense. And here have to comes to the rescue.

It is important to remember that despite the connection with the modal verb and the unusual form, in this meaning the verb have continues to be semantic, therefore forms negatives and questions using the auxiliary verb of the tense you need:

I don't have to work tomorrow. - I don't have to work tomorrow.
We did not have to buy flowers. - We shouldn't have bought flowers.
He won't have to do much work. - He won't have to do much work.
Does she have to pay? - Does she have to pay?
Did you have to cook? - Were you supposed to cook?

You can find out more about this meaning of the verb have, its use and differences from must.

4. Auxiliary verb in Perfect tenses.

Have in combination with the third form of verbs forms perfect forms. Depending on the time, the form of the verb have changes, but the third form remains unchanged: in the present tense (have and has), in the past (had), and in will have.
You can read in detail about each of these times in the articles dedicated to them, but now I would like to clarify the issue about. In the examples we discussed above, it was unacceptable to shorten the verb have (although sometimes you want to do so). In tenses of the Perfect group, since have acts as an auxiliary verb, it can be shortened:

I have - I’ve - /aɪv/
you have - you’ve - /juːv/
we have - we’ve - /wiːv/
they have - they’ve - /ðeɪv/

He has -he’s - /hiːz/
she has - she’s - /ʃiːz/

I had - I’d - /aɪd/ (with other pronouns - see above, pronounced by analogy, only the last sound /d/)

In the case of the future tense, have is not abbreviated; we will abbreviate will:
I will have - I’ll have - /aɪlhæv/ (with other pronouns - by analogy, only we change the pronoun)

And of course, since the verb is an auxiliary, have is obligatory for the formation of questions and negations in the tenses of the Prefect group, where it is not translated.
Read how to construct questions and negatives in thematic articles devoted to each tense.

5. Have something done (Causative).

This item is for more advanced readers, since this construction is usually studied at the Upper-Intermediate level. Here have is again in the role of an auxiliary verb and the whole construction means that something is done without the participation of the one who acts as the subject. In other words: someone has something done, something is done for someone.

Here, too, present and past and future forms of the verb have are used, it constructs negatives and questions and is present in short answers.

General characteristics

While studying English, we come across different variants of the verb we are interested in: had, has, have, having. The rules for using each of these forms are quite precise, so it is difficult to confuse them if you carefully study all the information. To begin with, we note that this verb can perform the following functions:

A semantic verb, which in translation means “to have”. He has a big house. He has a big house. It should be added that the translation into Russian may differ, since the option sounds more literary: He has a big house. An auxiliary verb that serves to form different tense forms. In this case it is not translated. She has done it already. She's already done it. They are having dinner now. We are having lunch now. A modal verb expressing obligation. He has to visit a doctor. He is forced to go to the doctor. Depending on what function the verb performs, the form of the verb and how it behaves when forming interrogative and negative sentences are determined.

British and American versions

One of the simplest options for using this verb is to use it as a semantic one. In this case we will be dealing with the forms have and has, have got and has got. The rule for their application is quite simple:

In British English, the simple form "have" is used to express one-time possession of something. He has a nice toy. He has a beautiful toy. Here we mean that he now has a toy in his hands. When expressing possession of something on an ongoing basis, the form with got will be used in the sentence. He has got a nice toy. In this case, the translation will sound unchanged: “He has a beautiful toy,” but it is implied that this thing belongs to him permanently. As we can see, the type of form does not critically affect the translation of sentences, so you can safely use any of them. The main thing is not to confuse how to form other types of sentences using these forms. When forming interrogative sentences, verbs behave as follows:

In the British version, this verb is perceived as strong, so it does not need any help when asking a question. Has he (got) a dog? Does he have a dog? In the American version, the verb is used in pairs with the auxiliary verbs do/does. Do you have a dog? Do you have a dog? Which option you choose depends on your preference and where you live. It is recommended to communicate in the dialect of the language spoken in the area.

Features of forms in the present tense

It doesn’t matter which form you choose: has or has got/have got, the rule for forming forms for different persons and numbers must be followed in any case. So, in the present tense this verb has the forms:
The same forms are used to form negative sentences.

He has not (hasn’t) any enemies.He does not (doesn’t) have any enemies.

Past tense

Separately, it is necessary to note the past tense forms for the verb have (having). The rule of application is the same as in the present tense, that is, it is possible to use the British or American style. In this tense, the verb has only one form - had, so there is no need to choose, but when forming questions and negatives, you still have to think a little. For example, the sentence: He had a big pie. He had a big pie.

British version: Had he a big pie? Did he have a big pie?American version: Did he have a big pie? Did he have a big pie? So, you just need to choose what style you are going to communicate in and stick to that style throughout the conversation.

Have/having: rule of education

A very important function that this verb performs is the formation of different tense forms. This refers to the formation of such verb variants as have done/has done or have been, has been. The rule for the formation of tense formulas in which our verb is involved is:
In the present and past tenses, the verb have is perceived as a strong auxiliary and is used to pose questions and negations to a sentence.

Has he left the city?They hadn’t done it yet.Have you been reading? In the future tense, the verb will takes on this function.

Will you have finished the work by the end of the week?We will not have been sitting.

Modal verb have to

The rule for using this verb as a modal says that it is applicable as an expression of obligation, and the subject himself does not realize the need to perform an action, but this is caused by some circumstances. It is this connotation of compulsion that has made this form more commonly used lately. Translated into Russian, such a verb means “necessary, forced, must, had to,” etc.

He has to do it at once. He is forced to do it right away. A distinctive feature of the modal form is that when forming a sentence, the particle to is always paired with a verb, which is placed before the infinitive of the main semantic verb, expressing the action itself.

She has to leave now. She must leave now. Also, when constructing an interrogative or negative sentence, the help of the verbs do/does is always used.

Do they have to buy it? Should they buy it?You don’t have to read this book. You don't have to read this book. Note that the forms of the modal verb are absolutely identical to the forms of the simple semantic “to have”.
Iyouwetheyhavetohe,she,ithasto

In the past and future tenses, the same forms for all persons and numbers are used: had to and will have to.

Phraseologisms

In the end, I would like to remind you that in combination with some words, our verb can lose its direct meaning and be translated completely differently. Most often in such cases, when asking questions and denials, the auxiliary verb do/does/did is used.

She has lunch at 1. She has lunch at 1.We had a talk after dinner. After dinner we talked.Did you have a bath? Have you already bought? I didn’t have a smoke yet. I haven't smoked yet. As can be seen from the information presented, the use and interpretation of the verb will not cause difficulties if you carefully study all the rules. And, of course, we must not forget about practical training.

In the present and past tenses, it can merge with the negative particle not, in which the letter o is dropped and an apostrophe is used instead.

Conjugation of the verb have in Present Tense

Affirmative form	Negative form	Question form
I have (I've)	I have not (haven’t)	Have I?
you have (you've)	you have not (haven’t)	Have you?
he has (he's)	he has not (hasn’t)	Has he?
she has (she's)	she has not (hasn’t)	Has she?
it has (it's)	it has not (hasn’t)	Has it?
we have (we've)	we have not (haven’t)	Have we?
you have (you've)	you have not (haven’t)	Have you?
they have (they've)	they have not (haven’t)	Have they?

NOTE:

The British English language is characterized by the formation of interrogative and negative forms with this verb without the auxiliary verb do, if isolated cases (actions) are meant, and with the help of the auxiliary verb do, if we mean constant possession (presence). Moreover, in the present tense in the first case in colloquial speech the construction with the verb is more often used get.

For example:

Have you (got) time for a game of chess?
Do you (now) have time to play chess?

Have you (got) any brothers?
Do you have brothers?

For American English and variants characteristic of other English-speaking countries, the use of forms with the auxiliary verb do is in all cases preferable.

For example, where an American might say: Can you help me now? Do you have time?, the Englishman will say: Can you help me now? Have you got time?

In cases where the verb have is used without the auxiliary verb do, the negative form is formed with the help of the negation not (in the short form haven’t) or the negation before the noun, which in this case is used without an article.

Have you (got) a sister? - Do you have a sister? -
No, I have not. No.
I have no sister. I don't have a sister.

In the 3rd person singular, the contractions for the verbs be and have are the same, i.e. ‘s.

She's a doctor. = She is a doctor.
She's a book. = She has a book.

Conjugation of the verb have in Past Tense

Affirmative form	Negative form	Question form
I had (I'd)	I had not (hadn’t)	Had I?
you had (you’d)	you had not (hadn’t)	Had you?
he had (he'd)	he had not (hadn’t)	Had he?
she had (she'd)	she had not (hadn’t)	Had she?
it had	it had not (hadn’t)	Had it?
we had (we'd)	we had not (hadn’t)	Had we?
you had (you’d)	you had not (hadn’t)	Had you?
they had (they'd)	they had not (hadn’t)	Had they?

Use

The verb to have is used:

1. As an independent verb in the meaning of “to have”, “to possess”.

We have a summer cottage. We have a dacha.

As noted above, the meaning of “to have”, “to possess” in the British version is also conveyed by the combination have got.

I have(have got = I’ve got) an interesting book.
I have an interesting book.

Have did you get the latest newspaper? -
Do you have the latest issue of the newspaper (the latest newspaper)? -

No, I haven't got it.
No, I don't have one.

In the interrogative and negative forms, the auxiliary verb do is used to express ordinary actions (but not with the combination have got).

Do you have dinner at home?
Do you have lunch at home?

I don't have dinner at home very often.
I don't have lunch at home very often.

The interrogative and negative forms with the verb have meaning “to have” can be formed in two ways.

2. As an auxiliary verb in combination with Past Participle (3rd form of the main verb) to form the following tenses:

I have been in hospital. I was in the hospital.
Doesn't have dug the patch for potatoes. He dug up a plot for potatoes.
Have you heard the new rock-group? Have you listened to the new rock band?

3. As a modal verb in combination with an infinitive in the meaning of obligation due to circumstances (i.e. the need to perform an action, as required by conditions, circumstances, situation). The combination have to in such cases is translated must, need to, necessary, have to. In this meaning, the interrogative and negative forms are formed using the auxiliary verb do.

I have to go there. I must go there (i.e. I have to go there, I am forced to go there).
He has to take a bus to get to his office. He has to take a bus to his work.

In dialogues, the combinations have to/had to are often used independently, that is, the infinitive itself is omitted, but is implied.

Why do you put on your raincoat? - Why are you wearing a cloak? -
I have to. It looks like rain. I have to (put it on). It looks like it will rain.

Why do you wear spectacles? - Why do you wear glasses? -
I have to(wear them). I am short-sighted. I am forced (to wear them). I'm nearsighted.

I didn't want to stop but I had to(stop) as I needed petrol.
I didn't want to stop, but I had to because I ran out of gas (I needed gas).

4. The verb to have in combination with nouns forms a whole series of phraseological expressions that have the meaning of a verb.

to have a talk - talk
to have supper - have dinner
to have a smoke - smoke
to have lunch - have breakfast
to have a swim - swim
to have a bath - take a bath
to have a rest - relax
to have difficulties/troubles - encounter difficulties/troubles
to have a good holiday - have a good holiday/vacation
to have dinner - have lunch

The interrogative (if it is a general question or a question not directed to the subject) and negative forms with these expressions are formed using the auxiliary verb do.

When do you have supper? When do you have dinner?
Did you have breakfast? Did you have breakfast?

Rules for reading a phone number in English. When reporting your own or another phone number, each digit of the phone number is called separately.

Verb to have in basic meaning
- used to indicate ownership of something, properties of something, relationship or connection, for example, the quality of one thing in relation to another

I have a new car. I have a new car.
Katya has a sister. Her name is Evgeniya. Katya has a sister. Her name is Evgenia.
She has dark hair She has dark hair.

Verb to have as
- used to denote a large number of actions that should be remembered. But don’t be scared and think “how can I translate this”; in most cases it’s enough to simply grasp the general meaning.

have breakfast, lunch, dinner- have breakfast, lunch, dinner
have on- be dressed in
have a good time- have a good time
have a coffee- drink coffee

Verb to have as
- used as a modal verb. Here he expresses the requirement to perform some routine action, the need to perform an action due to circumstances. As a rule, it is easy to identify by design "have to"

They have to work lot on Saturdays. On Saturdays they have to work a lot.

Verb have got

like the verb “have”, it serves to indicate possession of something, property of something, relationship or connection. Verb " have got» is more typical of British English. In the American version of “have got”, they often use “ gotten" or simply "(to) have"

He has got some friends in London. He has several friends in London.

Something to remember!
The significant difference between the verbs “have” and “have got” is time in which they are used. Verb "have got" DOESN'T HAVE forms of future and past tense, i.e. used only in the present. And accordingly, if it is necessary to use another tense, the verb “have” is used!

Note
When using abbreviations, remember that the verb “have” has no abbreviations; for example, you cannot say “I’ve a red bicycle” only “I have a red bicycle.” While “have got”, on the contrary, has contractions (in affirmation and negation)

I've got a red bicycle (I have got a red bicycle) I have a red bicycle

When constructing interrogative and negative sentences, remember that the verb “have got” does not need an auxiliary verb.

I have got a new car. I have a new car
when using negation, particle not placed between have and got
I have not got a new car. I don't have a new car.
question
Have You got a new car? Do you have a new car?

The verb “to have” follows the same conjugation rules as the rest. And accordingly, it is also used with the auxiliary verb do, will,..

I have a new car.
I had a new car. I had a new car.
I didn't have a new car. I didn't have a new car. I will have a new car.