Electronic keyboard instruments: characteristics, types. Keyboard instruments - history of creation

Keyboard musical instruments are characterized by a sound production system using levers controlled by keys. A set of keys arranged in a certain order is called an instrumental keyboard.

Organ - the first keyboard wind instrument

The history of keyboard instruments dates back to. One of the first keyboard instruments is the organ. In the first organs, sound was produced by controlling large valves. They turned out to be quite inconvenient and quite quickly the valves were replaced with levers, also of quite impressive size. In the 11th century, levers were replaced by wide keys that could be pressed with hand force. Comfortable narrow keys, characteristic of modern organs, appeared only in the 16th century. So the organ turned into a keyboard wind musical instrument.

Clavichord - the first stringed keyboard instrument

The first clavichords were invented between the 14th and 16th centuries; historians, unfortunately, do not know more exact dates. The device of the medieval clavichord resembled a modern piano. It is characterized by a quiet, soft sound, so the clavichord was rarely played for large audiences. In addition, it is quite compact in size, and therefore was often used for home music playing and was very popular in rich houses. Created especially for the clavichord musical works composers of the Baroque era: Bach, Mozart, Beethoven.

Harpsichord

The harpsichord first appeared in the 14th century in Italy; even Boccaccio mentioned it in his Decameron. This is a plucked string musical instrument, since it is characterized by sound production by plucking the string with a pick at the moment the key is pressed. The role of a mediator is performed by a plectrum made of a bird's feather.

There are one- and two-manual harpsichords. Unlike a clavichord or a piano, the strings of a harpsichord are parallel to the keys, just like a grand piano.

Harpsichord

The harpsichord produces a weak, harsh sound. It was often used in chamber music as an accompaniment to song performances. The body of the harpsichord was richly decorated, and in general this instrument was viewed rather as a decorative element.

The spinet, virginel and muselar are types of harpsichord. They have a similar principle of sound production, but different designs. These are small instruments, most often with one keyboard and a range of four octaves.

Piano

It was first designed Italian master Bartolomeo Christofi at the beginning of the 18th century. By this period, keyboard instruments practically could not withstand the competition of strings, in particular, which were much more virtuosic and expressive. The piano became an instrument that could provide an impressive dynamic range and win the hearts of the musicians of the era.

Bartolomeo Cristofi called his new keyboard instrument “playing softly and loudly,” which in Italian sounded “piano e forte.” Similar variations of keyboard instruments were created almost at the same time by Christophor Gottlieb Schröter and the Frenchman Jean Marius.

The Italian piano by Bartolomeo Christofi was designed as follows: hitting the key activates a felt hammer, the hammer, in turn, causes the string to vibrate, and a special mechanism moves the hammer back, preventing it from pressing the string and muffling the sound. This piano had no pedals or dampers. Later, the ability to return the hammer only halfway was added, which turned out to be very convenient for performing various types of melismas, which are characterized by rapid repetition of notes.

Keyboards Electromechanical Electronic

Keyboard musical instruments- instruments in which sound is produced using a system of levers and controlled using keys arranged in a certain order and making up the keyboard of the instrument.

Types of keyboard musical instruments

Based on the type of sound production and the method of producing sounds, keyboard musical instruments are divided into the following groups:

Self-sounding percussion keyboards

Strings

Percussion keyboards (piano and ancient clavichord)
Plucked-keyboards (harpsichord and its varieties)

Brass

Keyboard-wind instrument (organ and its varieties)
Reeds (harmonium, button accordion, accordion, melodica)

Electronic

History of the creation of keyboard instruments

Keyboard instruments have existed since the Middle Ages. The organ is one of ancient instruments- the oldest of them. The organ's keys were wide and pressed with fists; they replaced the large levers introduced in the 11th century to replace inconvenient manual slides. At the beginning of the 16th century, wide keys were replaced by more convenient ones - narrow ones, with which they still play today. Thus, the organ became a keyboard wind instrument.

The first stringed keyboard instrument was the clavichord. It appeared in the late Middle Ages, although no one knows exactly when. The clavichord had a structure similar to that of a modern piano. However, its sound was too soft and quiet to be played in front of large audiences. The clavichord, being much smaller and simpler than its relative the harpsichord, was quite a popular instrument for home music making, and was certainly to be found in the homes of Baroque composers, including Bach.

Another keyboard instrument, the harpsichord, was most likely invented in Italy in the 15th century. Harpsichords come with one or two (less often with three) manuals, and the sound in them is produced by plucking the string with a bird's feather plectrum (like a pick) when pressing a key. The harpsichord's strings are parallel to the keys, as on a modern grand piano, rather than perpendicular, as on the clavichord and modern upright. The sound of a concert harpsichord is quite sharp, but too weak for playing music in large halls, so composers inserted a lot of melismas (embellishments) into harpsichord pieces so that long notes could sound quite extended. The harpsichord was also used to accompany secular songs, in chamber music, and to play the digital bass part in an orchestra.

There are also musical instruments that are a type of harpsichord in terms of similarity to it in sound production, but different from it in design: spinet, muzelard and virginel - these are small harpsichords with one keyboard (less often with two) with a range of four octaves. Since harpsichords were intended primarily for home music playing, they, as a rule, were skillfully decorated and therefore could decorate the home environment.

At the turn of the 18th century, composers and musicians began to urgently feel the need for a new keyboard instrument that would be as expressive as the violin. Moreover, an instrument with a large dynamic range was needed, capable of thunderous fortissimo, gentle pianissimo and subtle dynamic transitions.

These dreams became a reality when in 1709 the Italian Bartolomeo Cristofori, who was designing musical instruments for the Medici family, invented the first piano. He called his invention "gravicembalo col piano e forte", which means "keyboard instrument that plays softly and loudly." This name was then shortened and the word "piano" appeared. Somewhat later, similar instruments were created by the German music teacher Christophor Gottlieb Schröter (1717) and the Frenchman Jean Marius (1716).

The sound production device of the Cristofori piano consisted of a key, a felt hammer and a special mechanism for returning the hammer. This piano had no dampers or pedals. Hitting the key caused the hammer to strike the string, causing it to vibrate, not at all like the vibration of the strings of a harpsichord or clavichord. The returner allowed the hammer to move backwards rather than remain pressed against the string, which would dampen the vibration of the string. Later, the double rehearsal was invented, which allowed the hammer to be lowered halfway, which was very helpful in playing trills and rapidly repeated notes (in particular, tremolos and other melismas).

Types of keyboards

The keyboard may be static or dynamic. A static keyboard detects the position of a key (pressed or released); the strength of sound is determined by other means. The dynamic keyboard also determines the force of pressing, and accordingly changes the sound strength of the instrument.

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See what “Keyboard musical instruments” are in other dictionaries: Group of musical instruments united common feature presence of keyboard mechanics and keyboard. Divided into various classes

and types... A group of musical instruments united by the common feature of the presence of keyboard mechanics and keyboards. * * * KEYBOARD MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS KEYBOARD MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, a group of musical instruments united by a common feature... ...

encyclopedic Dictionary Instruments in which the sound is produced using key levers arranged in a certain order and making up the keyboard (See Keyboard). According to the method of extracting sounds K. m. and. are divided into percussion keyboards (ancient clavichord, ... ...

Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Strings Plucked Bowed Winds Wooden Brass Reed ... Wikipedia

Big Encyclopedic Dictionary- Musical instruments. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS already existed in the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras. The most ancient functions of musical instruments are magic, signaling, etc. In modern musical practice, musical instruments are divided into... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Tools designed for extraction musical sounds(see Musical sound). The most ancient functions of musical instruments—magic, signaling, etc.—existed already in the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras. In modern musical practice... ... A group of musical instruments united by the common feature of the presence of keyboard mechanics and keyboards. * * * KEYBOARD MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS KEYBOARD MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, a group of musical instruments united by a common feature... ...

How to choose an electronic keyboard instrument?

Updated 2012 FAQ for Newbies

This article opens the topic of electronic keyboard instruments and will help the reader not only form big picture, but also learn about the nuances. In addition, we have analyzed and compiled a list of frequently asked questions about electronic keyboards. They are published along with the answers. We intend to constantly expand this FAQ.

The electronic keyboard market is divided into several formal categories. A digital piano is a complete musical instrument, which today is widely used for teaching, home music playing, and even concert performance. Professional musicians more often use advanced models of synthesizers, as they are more mobile and have rich creative possibilities. There is another class of electronic keyboards - inexpensive synthesizers with auto accompaniment, and their capabilities and sound are constantly improving. Their main audience is newbies.

It’s good when a buyer looking for a musical instrument clearly knows what he needs. But even if you choose just one category of electronic keyboards, where do you start? Which models should you take note of, and which should you avoid? An impressive wad of cash in a wallet does not at all guarantee that a person will leave the store with exactly the tool that he needs.

Classification of tools

How is a digital piano different from a synthesizer or workstation? In principle - nothing, the chain of sound formation is the same in any case: keyboard, tone generator, effects processor. However, additional functional blocks, such as a sequencer or harmonizer, and the form factor quite clearly separate these devices into categories.

Digital piano - the simplest device from an electronics point of view: a minimum range of timbres (usually several versions of a piano, harpsichord, several organs, strings), simple effects for simulating the sound of a hall. All efforts when creating such instruments are aimed at leveling out the difference in sensations from playing them and traditional acoustic pianos. This is facilitated by a weighted 7-octave keyboard with an imitation hammer mechanism and a solid floor-standing case with classic pedals. And a digital piano most often has a cover that prevents dust from getting on the keys, and a music stand - a stand for notes. The price of an instrument equipped with a full keyboard and an acceptable tone generator usually does not fall below $1,500. More expensive Roland pianos, based on SuperNATURAL Piano technology, carefully reproduce such nuances of behavior of concert grand pianos as the change in timbre (not just volume) depending on how hard the key is pressed. In a concert grand piano, the timbre also changes slightly from note to note, since the strings differ in number (three strings per note at the top, one in the bass), braid material, length, and hammer weight. In addition, resonances when pressing the pedal or other keys are recreated, and the natural attenuation of notes when the pedal is not fully pressed.

Synthesizer - a textbook device in its essence that allows you to get the desired sound by pressing the keys. Synthesizers do not have any means of recording the game, as well as other systems that help create a composition. Today, synthesizers are used primarily in recording studios and at concerts for playing live. There are many types of synthesizers, but one thing is obvious: they are hardly suitable for the role of a universal home instrument.

Synthesizer with auto accompaniment , colloquially “self-playing” or “balalaika”, allows you to organize automatic accompaniment for the melody and record the resulting composition in as soon as possible using a simple built-in sequencer. And even though the sound quality of such devices, as well as their capabilities, do not amaze the imagination, “self-players” are in steady demand. This is a good option for a beginning composer (a chance to test his passion for music with practice) and an indispensable assistant for banquet organizers in restaurants. Model prices famous brands they start at $250, but for a device with minimally acceptable equipment for creativity they ask for at least $350-400.

Arranger - essentially the same synthesizer with auto accompaniment, only providing more possibilities, having more flexible and high-quality accompaniment algorithms, and sounding more realistic. Arrangers are either amateur or professional. The latter are quite successfully used to create musical screensavers on television and independent compositions. A good arranger in the upper price segment (average $3000-6000) can easily live in the home of a professional songwriter. Basic models are priced at $1300-1500.

Work station - potentially the most “powerful” stand-alone solution for composers who reject templates and cliches. The stations do not have automatic accompaniment or other means that make it possible to put together a song quickly and simply. But in manual mode you can do almost everything you want. Like the best keyboard arrangers, flagship workstations allow you to create studio-quality compositions, including adding live instrument tracks and vocals (many models have a microphone input and basic audio processing, although the microphone itself is not included in the package). A kind of compact home studio “in one box”. The cost of truly outstanding models ranges from 4000 to 7000 US dollars, and simpler options are offered for 2500-3500 green money.

Built-in sequencer

Since keyboard sensor commands can be read and processed, they can be saved into the instrument’s memory. The sequencer can store multiple MIDI command chains (tracks) of virtually unlimited length and play them individually, simultaneously, or in any combination. The tone generator will sound each track as a separate timbre or group, and the effects processor will flavor the sound with the desired “flavor”. And all this will happen in real time. Each part can be recorded separately, and the performer does not have to be a virtuoso: a melody played slowly and with blots can be easily edited within a wide range - from the height, duration and volume of each note, to tempo, panning and the operation of foot pedals. The following picture shows screenshots of the interface of the already middle-aged Roland Fantom X keyboard station, giving some idea of the process of creating a composition. Directly editing the notes of a recorded MIDI track is shown in the lower right image.

FAQ

— Which brands of products make sense to consider first?

The modern digital keyboard market is built on three pillars: Korg, Yamaha and Roland. Each of these companies has solutions for every taste and almost every budget. At the same time, there are many other reputable manufacturers, although their products are specific. For example, M-Audio and Fatar are famous for their MIDI keyboards, Access for analog synthesizers for the studio and stage, and Nord, in addition, for electric organs. But if we talk about self-sufficient, general-purpose keyboard instruments, then in this segment it is Korg, Yamaha and Roland that rule the roost. In certain situations, it makes sense to look towards products from Kurzweil, Kawai or Clavia, but this must be done with a clear understanding of goals and objectives, which are rarely formed in the head of a beginning keyboard player. Products from Casio and little-known Chinese brands sold at bargain prices in supermarkets are not worth seriously considering, unless you are looking for a deliberately cheap toy.

— Is it possible for a child studying piano at a music school to practice at home on a digital piano?

It is possible, but only if the instrument is equipped with a heavy (so-called weighted) 88-key hammer action and is installed on a massive proprietary stand with integrated pedals. In appearance, such models appear to be solid-body, although this is only an illusion.

Buying a desktop keyboard “board” on a metal X-shaped stand and with an external pedal is less expensive, but it will not allow the young pianist to develop the correct posture, and the easy mechanics of the keys will properly train the muscles of the fingers, which in the future will seriously complicate playing an acoustic grand piano. In addition, the tandem will sway during the game... As a reasonable compromise, it makes sense to consider the Roland RP-301 or Yamaha CLP-320, and the Roland HP-302 / 305 and Yamaha CLP-430 / CLP-440 can be considered optimal for most buyers. Prices? As mentioned above, you will have to spend at least $1500 on a “correct” digital piano, while a high-end instrument will cost $2000-2500. The difference between the most expensive models is not only in the extraordinary design, but also in the quality of the acoustic systems and circuitry. And don’t forget to buy two useful accessories: closed-back headphones for nighttime music playing, as well as a special performance bench, which, however, is sometimes included in the package.

“We do not plan to teach the child academic piano playing, except perhaps to play music “for ourselves.” Which synthesizer should you buy as your first instrument for recording compositions and arrangements?

A lot depends on the budget. Just don’t forget that a very simple device will be functionally stupid and almost certainly sound bad. Such, if I may say so, a tool can completely discourage the desire to creative development. The Yamaha PSR-E423 is suitable for a safe start, but your child will outgrow its potential in less than a year. If your income allows you to choose a more expensive device, then aim for the Korg Pa50SD or Yamaha PSR-S550. It’s much more interesting to create on any of them. Or you can invest big and buy a model “for growth” - Yamaha PSR-S710 or Roland Prelude. Each of the two synthesizers will cost at least $1400, but young talent is unlikely to lose interest in it for several years, and the subsequent transition to a professional instrument will be relatively easy.

— I am a composer who needs a first-class workstation to create a wide variety of music. Which one should you prefer?

One of the most advanced keyboard stations in terms of sound and capabilities is the Korg brand and is called Kronos. The device, equipped with a touch interface, is available in three versions, which differ in the octave of the keyboard and the quality of its mechanics. Kronos is a compilation of all the company's previous achievements. In particular, to form the sound, as many as nine diverse algorithms are used here, previously found in different profile synthesizers of the company separately.

Despite its enormous potential, Kronos is not that expensive: the top-end version with 88-key hammer action officially costs about $6,300 in Moscow, and numerous online stores are even more lenient. Other interesting options- this is the Roland Fantom G and Yamaha Motif XF. Both instruments are also available with three keyboard options (lightweight five- or six-octave, or hammer-operated 7-octave), both have rich equipment and an extensive bank of sounds.

The instruments have completely different sound characteristics, so be sure to try each one in action before purchasing.

— I’m tormented by the question: should I build a home studio on a computer or buy one single keyboard workstation?
The question is very difficult. Initially, everything depends on the tasks that are planned to be solved in the studio, experience in using studio equipment, skills in working with music computer software and budget. Potentially, a computer studio is better in everything, but if you take into account the cost of hardware (computer with monitor, MIDI keyboard, sound interface) and licensing software, including sound libraries, it can be even more expensive than a high-end keyboard station, and it will be disproportionately more difficult to set up and use. The keyboard station is much more attractive in this regard: you can work immediately after plugging it into a power outlet, there are instructions with detailed description each operation, and using the arsenal of functions is no more difficult than operating a smartphone. But even the best keyboard stations are not suitable for actively recording live instruments and processing/editing such tracks. Adding a track with vocals is no problem, but the main specialization of these instruments is creating music on the keyboard using a standard bank of sounds. By the way, it is quite extensive. The musician initially has 1-2 thousand ready-made tones, including a couple of dozen drum kits, plus the ability to combine them and create his own sounds. In general, each solution has its pros and cons, but for a typical apartment, a keyboard station is a more convenient option, according to the author of the article, especially if you do not consider yourself a technical guru.

— They say that on some kind of synthesizer you can quite accurately imitate the sound of individual acoustic instruments, including techniques for playing them, and recreate an entire orchestra. This is true?
This is true, but only the Yamaha Tyros series arrangers do this job really well. In 2011, the fourth generation instrument was presented to the public, named, accordingly, Tyros 4. The price of the product in Russia is about $5,500 without taking into account the proprietary stand and optional acoustics - by the way, not cheap, but sounding very mediocre. It is better to avoid buying it in favor of studio monitors. The instrument itself is certainly pleasing, even though it is only available with a light “synthesizer” 5-octave keyboard.

— I choose a high-class keyboard arranger. What are the options?
Apart from the Yamaha Tyros 4 mentioned above, then perhaps only the Korg Pa3X ($5200) can be included in the list of candidates for purchase. The Korg device cannot skillfully imitate the techniques of playing live instruments and the nuances of the sound of their timbres, but in many situations they provide a more “adult” sound of compositions as a whole, and the section for forming complex synthetic sounds is much better developed.

We can say that the Yamaha Tyros 4 is the choice of “acoustic” composers, and the Korg Pa3X is the choice of creators electronic music, as well as R’n’B and rap. Streaming pop music can be created with equal success on both instruments.

- ...and if it’s cheaper?
Then the “middle class” Korg Pa800 ($3200) and Yamaha PSR-S910 ($2800). The sound layout is approximately the same as that of more expensive brand models.

— Is it worth paying for additional octaves on the keyboard and heavier hammer action?
The buyer of a digital piano doesn’t even need to think twice: pay definitely! Otherwise, why would there be a piano? But when buying a synthesizer, arranger or workstation, you must weigh the pros (ease of play) and cons (significant difference in price, worse portability). For phased creation For compositions of most genres, the standard five octaves of lightweight keys are sufficient, but if the parts are complex, then a couple of additional octaves and a hammer mechanism will definitely come in handy.

To be continued…

Strings and wind instruments- the most ancient on our planet. But a piano or grand piano also belongs to the strings, but an organ belongs to the winds, although they cannot be called ancient (except perhaps the organ, since it is believed that it was invented by a Greek before our era). The fact is that the first piano appeared only in early XVI II century.

The predecessor of one of the most popular instruments was the harpsichord, which has long been forgotten. Nowadays even the piano fades into the background. It was replaced by digital pianos and electronic synthesizers. Now you can buy it in almost any store household appliances, not to mention music stores. In addition, there are a number of other keyboard instruments, the basis of which are keyboard synthesizers.

Nowadays, keyboard instruments ( we're talking about mainly about the piano) is in almost every secondary school, as well as in some educational institutions of secondary and top level. Not only administration representatives are interested in this educational institutions, but also power.

Moreover, the price range of keyboard synthesizers is quite wide: from the cheapest ones intended for home use to the most expensive workstations for professional musicians. You can order a synthesizer at any musical instrument store, where you can find the option that suits you.

Types of keyboard instruments

Besides classical types, every year the range of modern keyboard instruments is replenished (one of the main roles in this is played by the popularity of electronic and club music), including synthesizers, midi keyboards, digital pianos, vocoders, and various keyboard combos.

The list goes on and on. This trend is not accidental, since music industry requires innovation in musical field, and keyboard instruments have excelled at innovation more than any other. In addition, many performers are increasingly beginning to use various synthesizers and their derivatives in their work.

Keyboard synthesizers are a type of electronic musical instrument that can imitate the sounds that other instruments make, synthesize new sounds, and create unique sound. Keyboard synthesizers gained great popularity in the 70s and 80s, during the development of pop music.

Modern models keyboard synthesizers with a sequencer are a kind of workstation. They are divided into digital, analog and virtual-analog (). The most popular companies: Casio (WK synthesizer), as well as multifunctional workstations. Such devices include synthesizers Korg, Roland, Yamaha, etc.

Midi keyboard

A midi keyboard is a type of midi controller that is a regular piano keyboard with additional buttons and faders. These devices, as a rule, do not have speakers and work only with an amplifier, which is usually a computer.

Such keyboards are very convenient, so they are most often used in recording studios, especially at home. Therefore, if you are planning to set up a recording studio, you can always buy yourself a midi keyboard.

A digital piano is almost a complete analogue of an acoustic instrument, the only difference being that it can reproduce the sounds of not only a piano, but also some other instruments. Digital pianos good quality They are almost as natural as acoustic pianos, but have a huge advantage - they are much smaller in size. In addition, the tactile effect is the same as that of playing the piano.

It is not surprising that now more and more professional musicians prefer electronic instruments to classical instruments. Another plus is that digital pianos have become more affordable than their predecessor.

Keyboard amplifiers

A combo amplifier is an electronic amplifier with a speaker. Such devices are intended for use in conjunction with electronic instruments. Accordingly, the keyboard combo amplifier is designed for use with electronic keyboards. It is usually used as a monitor at concert performances or at rehearsals. Also used with midi keyboards.

Types of keyboard musical instruments

The most obvious difference between keyboard musical instruments and others is the presence of a keyboard - a row of keys, each of which produces its own unique sound. There can be a large variety of mechanisms responsible for the operation of keys, for example: - String (piano);

Column of air (organ);

Steel plate (celesta);
- and so on.

Mozart once said that the organ is the most cumbersome and complex instrument, which only a truly talented performer will be able to cope with. The organ has several manuals (keyboards), usually from 3 to 5. They are located one on top of the other, forming a small ladder. The organ also has a pedal, with which the performer can make low sounds. The mechanism of the organ is sufficiently structured in an interesting way: there is a series of pipes through which air flows from a special pump, it is called bellows. Each key is connected to these pipes, with one press you can activate up to hundreds of pipes. The air supply can be regulated using so-called registers. The registers are located near the keyboard and are responsible for giving sounds different shades. Thanks to the exceptional complexity of this instrument, compositions performed on it have an amazing and indescribable sound. However, the performer must have the appropriate professional skills.

The piano is a keyboard instrument that has taken the whole world by storm. Performances on it can be found in schools, universities, theaters, music schools and even at home. There are many reasons why the piano is famous. So, for example, compared to its relatives, a piano looks rather modest and does not take up as much space as, say, an organ. IN current time The word “piano” refers to three types of keyboard instruments:

Grand piano (concert);
- cabinet piano;
- piano.

In a standard piano you can find 88 keys, and in rare cases 76. The instrument works as follows: a small hammer is attached to each key, which, when pressed, touches the string, causing vibrations. The piano has several foot pedals, each of which has its own unique purpose. For example, the right pedal is responsible for raising the dampers, which makes the sound soft, and the left pedal helps to weaken the sound. The piano, like other keyboard instruments, requires tuning periodically. Since the piano is often located at home, owners believe that they can tune the piano themselves. Often such “amateur activity” leads to unpleasant consequences. The characteristic difference between a grand piano and an upright piano is the arrangement of the strings. In a grand piano, the strings are arranged horizontally, this arrangement allows the sound to be directed upward, filling the entire room with sound. The piano, in turn, has vertical strings, which causes the sound to go to the floor. In addition, if you lift the lid of the piano, the effect of filling the room with music will be significantly enhanced. In turn, the lid of a piano is almost always closed, which gives the music a muffled sound. This is due to the fact that the piano, unlike the grand piano, is used primarily at home, and the grand piano is used as a concert instrument.

Advantages and disadvantages

The popularity of keyboard instruments is due to many factors, however, despite a large number of advantages, such tools also have a number of disadvantages. So, the advantages and disadvantages of keyboard musical instruments:

1) Sound quality. The sound quality of keyboard instruments is one of the most important factors influencing their popularity and fame;
2) price increase. A high-quality and good musical instrument that has been subjected to timely proper care, does not lose its value and, on the contrary, becomes more expensive;
3) confidence during the game. Unlike other musical instruments, the performer can be one hundred percent sure that the keyboard instrument will not leave his hands, will not stagger or fall. Disadvantages: - Dimensions. Any keyboard acoustic instrument has enough heavy weight, which greatly complicates the process of transportation and movement;
4) the need for regular care. Keyboard instruments are too finicky, they need constant care, and caring for them is not always easy and pleasant;
5) setting. Setting up such tools requires special skills, so you often have to turn to specialists, whose services are not always cheap.