Musical lesson with presentation “Journey to the land of musical instruments. Summary of music lessons "in the world of musical instruments"

Conversation for primary school students
« Introduction to musical instruments ».

What can be compared to music in sound?

Noise of the forest? The singing of a nightingale?

Are there thunderstorms? Is there a babbling brook?

I can't find any comparisons.

But whenever there is confusion in the soul -

Love or sadness, fun or sadness -

In any mood given by nature

Suddenly the music starts playing

In the shower; sounds on the strings of the subconscious,

Thunders the timpani and beats the cymbals,

Conveying joy or suffering,

The soul itself seems to sing!

Good afternoon, dear guys! Today you came to visit the students of the children's art school. They are the same as you, but differ in that each of them learns to play a musical instrument within the walls of our school. We will get acquainted with various musical instruments, listen to how they sound and hear how our guys play them.

Piano(or piano) is a stringed keyboard instrument that has gained importance in musical practice due to its enormous sound range and universal technical capabilities. The invention of the piano dates back to the beginning of the 18th century and is associated with the name of the Italian master Bartolomeo Cristofori. Borrowing a number of features of the harpsichord and clavichord (these were predecessors of the piano), he applied a new method of sound production. When you press a key, special mechanics activate a hammer, which strikes the string. At the moment the key is lowered, special mufflers - dampers - stop the sound of the string. Depending on the force of the blow, a sound of greater or lesser volume is produced, i.e. the piano could be played both loudly and quietly (forte and piano), hence the name of the instrument. The piano has a related instrument - a large, beautiful, important grand piano, which stands on three graceful legs. The piano “lives” in concert hall and perform only concert works on it. The piano and grand piano keyboards are the same, but the piano sounds more rich and bright. For a full and beautiful sound, open a special cover. Now, guys, let's listen to how this wonderful instrument sounds. Piano works performed by students of the children's art school include:

I. Burgmuller« graceful flower»

P. Tchaikovsky "Baba Yaga" from " Children's album»

M. Mordasov “Once upon a time”

And now we will talk about Russian folk instruments.

Domra. Many of you guys have probably seen this plucked string instrument with an oval body, a long neck and three to four strings stretched across them.

Domra is part of the orchestra of Russian folk instruments. And a hundred years ago no one knew what domra looked like. Not a single instrument existed in Russia, and even drawings depicting this instrument did not survive: in the 17th century she was executed as a criminal.

IN medieval Rus' The domra was the main instrument of folk musicians and buffoon actors. Buffoons walked around villages and cities, putting on funny performances. But they not only amused the people, they ridiculed vices and often touched upon powerful of the world this, they allowed themselves jokes, not always harmless and at Christian religion. This aroused the anger of the authorities, both ecclesiastical and secular. The persecution of buffoons began. They were severely punished and sometimes executed. The domra was also pursued along with them. And she disappeared.

Only at the very end of the 19th century, the director of the first orchestra of Russian folk instruments, V.V. Andreev, was interested not only in the balalaika, but also in other Russian folk instruments, found an image of a domra and reconstructed the instrument from it, and then created a whole family of domras, similar to the family of balalaikas. Concert numbers on the domra performed by students and teachers of the school will be performed:

E. Kolmanovsky "Alyosha"

N. Oleinikov "Little Rondo"

Known in Rus' for hundreds of yearsbalalaika. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was the most common musical instrument. They danced to it during the holidays, sang songs, and told fairy tales about it. Balalaika is a plucked string instrument. It has a wooden, triangular body and a long neck with three strings. The sound is produced by plucking or so-called rattling - striking all the strings at once with the index finger. A little over a hundred years ago, music and theater lover Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev drew attention to the balalaika. He planned to give the common people« a man's instrument» new life. On his instructions, toolmakers made changes to its design. Andreev not only introduced the balalaika into Russian folk orchestra, but also performed with solo orchestras.

Now the Russian balalaika is known all over the world. Many composers create their works for it. Playing the balalaika is taught in music schools, colleges and conservatories. (Concert numbers are played on the balalaika).

Another Russian folk instrument - button accordion - This is a keyboard-wind instrument that gained mass popularity in Russia in the 90s of the 19th century. Currently, the so-called ready-to-select button accordion has become widespread, combining on the left side, along with ready-made basses and chords, a selectable keyboard, the transition to which is carried out using a switch.

"The fighter just took the three-row,

It’s immediately obvious that he’s an accordion player.

First things first, first things first

He threw his fingers up and down.

Forgotten, rustic

Suddenly started closing my eyes,

Sides of the native Smolensk

Sad memorable motif.

And from that old accordion,

That I was left an orphan

Somehow it suddenly became warmer

On the front road."

This is "Vasily Terkin" by Tvardovsky. And how many more poems, and even songs, both humorous and lyrical, are dedicated to the accordion. Without this instrument and its relatives - the button accordion and the accordion, which have gained enormous popularity among the people, it is impossible to imagine a concert. amateur performances, no evening at the club, no wedding...

Accordion also a keyboard wind instrument. Like the button accordion, it also has rich timbre and dynamic capabilities. Right piano keyboard - characteristic feature accordion. Unlike the button accordion, the timbre of the accordion is thicker and more melodious. Both the button accordion and the accordion are used as a solo and as an accompanying instrument, they are included in various ensembles. And now, guys, listen to our young musicians play the button accordion and accordion. Concert numbers performed by students will be performed:

A. Tikhonchuk "Polka" (accordion)

Ya. Frenkel "Waltz-parting" from the film "Women" (accordion)

Another beautiful and very popular musical instrument these days is guitar. The history of the guitar dates back to ancient times. This instrument appeared about 4 thousand years ago. The origin of the guitar is unknown. The ancestors of the guitar are considered to be the Egyptian cithara, the ancient Greek kitara (kitarra), and the lute that has come down to us. Until the 16th century, the guitar had three and four strings, played with fingers and a plectrum (a bone and tortoiseshell plate). In the 16th century, already in Spain, a five-string guitar appeared, and from that time it began to be called Spanish guitar. Of all European countries The guitar became most widespread in Spain, where it became a truly folk instrument. In the second half of the 17th century, the six-string guitar appeared, again in Spain.

Seven string guitar, the most convenient for vocal accompaniment, has become most widespread in Russia. The musical capabilities of the guitar turned out to be so great that it becomes one of the most favorite instruments. The whole world knows the names of Spanish and Italian composers and guitar virtuosos F. Sora, D. Aguado, F. Carulli, M. Giuliani, M. Carcassi, as well as Russians - Sokolovsky, Makarov. And now we will listen to a very unusual ensemble performed by students and their teacher - two domras and a guitar will sound, and the guitar in this ensemble does not perform the solo part, but will play the accompaniment part. (The Ukrainian folk song “Korolek” sounds).

And now, dear guys, let’s check together how you learned our “lesson.” I will tell you riddles, and you try to find out what musical instrument we are talking about.

Which instrument has both strings and a pedal?

What is this? Undoubtedly, this is our sonorous ... (piano).

I was given very few strings, but for now I had enough!

You pluck my strings and hear: dlen, dlen, dlen!

Come on! Who am I, guess! Mischievous... (balalaika).

He looks like a brother to the button accordion, where there is fun, there he is.

I won’t give any hints, everyone knows it... (accordion).

She is like a forgotten queen who once lived in Rus'.

Balalaikas, big sister, sound good in the blue heights,

Carried around for the amusement of the world in buffoonish mischievous hands

Folding songs ringing satire

In old fairy tales, fables and poems. (Domra).

He has a folded shirt, he likes to dance squatting,

He dances and sings - if he gets his hands on it.

Forty buttons on it with mother-of-pearl fire

The string rings, she sings, and everyone can hear her song.

It will never become old, we call that instrument...(guitar).

References:

1. Yu Buluchevsky, V. Fomin “A Brief Musical Dictionary”, Saint Petersburg- Moscow “Music”, 1998.

2. L. Mikheeva " Musical dictionary in stories", Moscow "Terra", 1996.

The string rings, she sings,
And the song is heard by everyone.


string, she sings,
And the song is heard by everyone.
Six strings play anything
And that instrument is always fashionable.
He will never get old.
We call that instrument...
(Guitar) won't get old.
We call that instrument...
(with guitar)

He has a pleated shirt
He loves to dance in a squat position,
He is a Literary and dances and sings -
If you get your hands on it.
Forty buttons on it
C He has a pleated shirt,
He loves to dance in a squat position,
He dances and sings -
If you get your hands on it.
Forty buttons on it
With mother-of-pearl fire.
A merry fellow, not a brawler
My vociferous...
(Accordion)
mother-of-pearl fire.
A merry fellow, not a brawler
My vociferous...
(Accordion)
He has a pleated shirt
He loves to dance in a squat position,
He dances and sings -
If you get your hands on it.
Forty buttons on it
With mother-of-pearl fire.
A merry fellow, not a brawler
My vociferous...
(Accordion)

He has a pleated shirt
He loves to dance in a squat position,
He and He have a pleated shirt,
He loves to dance in a squat position,
He dances and sings -
If you get your hands on it.
Forty buttons on it
With mother-of-pearl fire.
A merry fellow, not a brawler
My vociferous...
(Accordion)
dances, and he has a folded shirt,
He loves to dance in a squat position,
He dances and sings -
If you get your hands on it.
Forty buttons on it
With mother-of-pearl fire.
A merry fellow, not a brawler
My vociferous...
(Accordion)
sings -
If you get your hands on it.
Forty buttons on it
With mother-of-pearl fire.
A merry fellow, not a brawler
My vociferous...
(Accordion)

The string rings, she sings,
And the song is string, she sings,
And the song is heard by everyone.
Six strings play anything
And that instrument is always fashionable.
He will never get old.
We call that instrument...
(with guitar)

It’s not mowed, you can’t hear it.
Six strings play anything
And that instrument is always fashionable.
He will never get old.
We call that instrument...
(with guitar)

Not mowed, no,

Target: introduce children to Russian folk instruments.

Tasks:

• Instill a love for your culture and history.
• Enrich children's knowledge about the properties and features of Russian folk musical instruments; learn to distinguish their timbre coloring.
• Introduce the definitions: “symphony, folk orchestra.”

Fiction:

1. V. Bychkov“Fundamentals of artistic craft. Musical instruments".
2. YES. Rytov“Traditions of folk culture in the musical education of children.”

Musical repertoire:

1. Russian folk tune “Barynya”.
2. Russian folk tune “The Moon is Shining.”
3. Russian folk tune "Kamarinskaya".
4. Russian folk melody "Oh, you, birch."
5. J. Strauss "Waltz".
6. Jumping Elbow.

Materials:

Musical instruments: gusli, ocarina, zhaleika, accordion, button accordion, rubel, domra, balalaika, spoons, rattle.

Equipment: screen, stereo system, multimedia system, puzzles depicting Russian folk instruments (balalaika, domra).

Progress of the lesson

Children enter the music room and sit on chairs.

The Russian folk tune “Barynya” sounds.

Two young ladies in Russian suits come out from behind the scenes folk costumes and perform cheerful dance with handkerchiefs.

1st young lady: Hello, dear guests!

Children: Hello.

2nd young lady: Today we will get acquainted with Russian folk musical instruments.

Everyone on earth
There is a home.
Good and fun
And it’s cozy in it.
The dog has a (children guess) ... kennel,
The fox has... a hole,
The robin has...a nest,
The owl has... a hollow.

1st young lady: Guys, where do you think our friend, musical sound, lives?

Maybe in the cry of a seagull?... (children's answers)
In an eagle's cage? ...
Or in the trumpet call
Good elephant? ...

Children: Musical sound lives in musical instruments.

1st young lady: Right. Look guys, I have spoons in my hands.

2nd young lady: And I have a ratchet.

Together: These are Russian folk musical instruments.

The young ladies invite the children to play.

A musical and didactic game “Cheerful Rhythm” is being held.

Game description:

The first young lady taps out a rhythmic pattern on spoons, children repeat, clapping the rhythm with their palms.

The Second Young Lady plays a rhythmic pattern on ratchet, children repeat the rhythm, stomping their feet.

A child comes out and reads a poem about spoons.

We are not castanets - we are just spoons,
But Khokhloma with a bowl are still beautiful.
For example, or with another painting
Comparable in color to a rainbow-arc.
The musician honors us,
You can also just eat with us
We are also appreciated as gifts abroad,
Especially when it suits the firebird.
Brightly colored round scoop
And a barrel with a golden border.
But it’s still sad for us to just hang,
After all, we want to chirp and sing.
We will become castanets for you
And your feet will start to dance joyfully.

Children perform the “Dance with Spoons” to the Russian folk melody “Oh, you, birch”(description of movements by Z. Root from the collection “ Musical script for kindergarten", 2006)

1st young lady: Now turn your attention to the screen. Before you is an orchestra (demonstrated orchestra of Russian folk instruments). Let's take a closer look at the instruments and listen to how they sound.

The recording includes the Russian folk tune “The Moon is Shining.”

And now we will listen to another orchestra (an image is shown on the screen symphony orchestra ).

The recording includes “Waltz” by J. Strauss.

2nd young lady: Guys, who knows what these orchestras are called and how they differ?

Children's answers...

Symphony orchestra– a large group of musicians for performing academic music. The symphony orchestra consists of four groups of instruments: bowed strings, woodwinds and brass, and percussion.

Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments- an orchestra that includes instruments of the domra and balalaika family, as well as gusli, accordion, zhaleika and other Russian folk instruments.

The 1st Young Lady approaches the table where the instruments lie: accordion, rubel, psaltery, gusli, ocarina.

1st young lady: Guys, look at the amazing tools here.

2nd young lady: I wonder what they are called and how they are played?

At this time, a musician (special guest) comes out from behind the scenes, playing the harmonica:

Guys came to visit you,
I'm not an ordinary musician.
I see a lot of tools
I'll play with my heart.

The first instrument I will play is called an ocarina. Ocarina – ancient wind musical instrument. In its shape it resembles an egg with holes for fingers. Usually the ocarina is made of ceramic, but sometimes it is made of wood, glass or metal. Listen to how it sounds.

And this is pathetic. In ancient times, shepherds played this instrument. Zhaleika – wind reed musical instrument. Why reed? Because inside there are special small plates with tongues or squeaks. Pischiki are made from reed, birch bark and even goose feathers. The pity is like a pipe. A flute is a pipe with holes (show the flute on the screen). Unlike the pipe, the pity has an expanding horn (show bell). Listen to the pity.

Next tool - harp. Gusli – stringed musical instrument. Our Slavic ancestors played the gusli more than a thousand years ago. People who played the harp were called guslars; they simultaneously played the harp and told epics. The gusli has a triangular shape and has from 5 to 17 strings. Listen to how the harp sounds.

Rubel- refers to household items. In the old days it was used for ironing clothes, winding the linen on a roller and rolling it out. The rubel was also used as a musical instrument. When playing, the ruble is held by the handle with one hand, and the other is moved back and forth along its scars wooden spoon or a stick. This produces a characteristic “crackling” sound. Play the ruble.

But my favorite instrument is accordion and button accordion. These instruments are related. They have common name– harmonics. The harmonica was invented in Germany almost 200 years ago. It was first brought to Russia as an unusual souvenir, but very soon the accordion became a real folk instrument. One Tula merchant bought a harmonica at a fair. I brought it home, disassembled and studied its structure and realized that there was nothing complicated in it and made a new accordion with my own hands. And very soon throughout Tula and in others Russian cities they began to make thousands of accordions. Listen to the harmonica.

1st young lady: Guys, did you like the stories about Russian folk instruments? Let's give our musician a round of applause.

The Russian tune “The Moon is Shining” is played by a button accordion.

The young ladies invite the children to take the instruments and play them. After the game, the children say goodbye to the musician.

1st young lady: Let's continue the celebration, come out and play!

Games are played:

The first game is “Look for your instrument.”

Two-part music is playing (“Jumping” by V. Loktev). Children, standing in 3-4 circles, join hands. In the center of the circles there are drivers with musical instruments. During the first part of the music, children walk in a circle with a springy step, the drivers play musical instruments. During the 2nd part, children easily run in all directions in hops. The drivers run to other places. When the music ends, children find “their” instrument, forming a circle.

The second game “Assemble your instrument.”

Children are divided into two teams. You need to assemble a picture from puzzles to make folk musical instruments - the balalaika and domra. Who can assemble the picture faster?

2nd young lady: Well done guys, you completed the task! Now let's guess the names of the tools you collected.

The 2nd young lady approaches the picture with the image of a balalaika:

And only three strings,
She needs it for music.
The game makes everyone happy!
Oh, it's ringing, it's ringing,
Who is she? Guess it...
This is our... (balalaika).

The 1st young lady approaches the picture with the image of a domra:

Balalaika's friend,
Laughing, merry!
Have fun until the morning
And her name is...? (children's answer) Domra!

2nd young lady: Well done, guys! And now for a surprise. Sit back comfortably and greet with applause the little musicians from the children's art school, who will play the domra and balalaika for you.

After the concert, the young ladies say goodbye to the children until they meet again.

Lesson topic: introduction to musical instruments.

Objective of the lesson: continue to introduce children to musical instruments.

CORRECTIONAL: Develop students' speech during analysis musical pieces, sense of rhythm, develop vocal and choral skills. To develop students’ creative abilities, activity, and culture of thinking.

EDUCATIONAL: To form students’ knowledge of musical instruments, to continue to develop the skills of analyzing and speaking about the music they listened to, consciously selecting the appropriate words for the nature of the musical pieces.

EDUCATIONAL: To cultivate aesthetic, moral, patriotic qualities based on musical plays, interest and love for the fine arts, music, literature, respect for each other and the opinions of comrades, perseverance in the classroom.

EQUIPMENT: notebook, illustrated pages musical material, discs with recordings of musical pieces, images of notes, flowers, to display the mood, presentation, TSO.

Lesson progress

Entering the classroom. Organizational moment.

"Hello"

Today in the lesson we will go on a journey into the world of music, goodness and beauty.

We will get acquainted and continue to get acquainted with musical instruments.

But first, I suggest you take a close look at your desks. There are three flowers in front of you that will help us determine your mood (where white flower – Bad mood, yellow flower - good mood, and a red flower is a great mood). Think and pick up the flower that best suits your mood at the beginning of the lesson. Now lower them and put them on the edge of the desk, they will be useful to us at the end of the lesson.

And the cards that show the notes will help us evaluate your work. For the correct answer you will receive a note, and at the end of the lesson we will count how many notes you received, and accordingly we will find out how you worked in the lesson. Where are 7-6 notes – you’re great, 4-5 notes are good job in a lesson, 3 notes or less - you tried.

But first, let's remember the name of this instrument (SLIDE piano). I suggest listening to the sound of a piano and imagining yourself as a pianist. To do this, you need to sit straight, we will place your hands on the desk as if it were a piano, and your fingers will run across the desk as if across the keys of a piano. (SOUNDBITE OF PIANO)

Well done, did the music sound loud or quiet?

Children:

Well done, what is the name of this instrument? (VIOLIN SLIDE)

Children: violin.

How do they play it? Show me. (CHILDREN SHOW HOW TO PLAY THE VIOLIN)

Let's get on our feet and play the violin like little beginner violinists (MUSIC. The sound of a violin).

You did an excellent job with this task too.

Now listen to the riddle. What is this?

We all love to listen

How Tamara sings with us.

And in her hands she is obedient

Six string…

(guitar)

So, we sit down like real guitarists and imagine that we have what instrument in our hands?

Children: guitar.

(MUSIC SOUNDS. GUITAR SOUND)

You guys are great, remember the name and manner of performance on every musical instrument that we went through. It's time to get acquainted with such a musical instrument as a triangle (SLIDE AND STORY ABOUT THE TRIANGLE) Listen to the sound of this instrument.

Guys, you worked out so well, let's remember what musical instruments you know. (IF SHOWING SLIDES WITH TOOLS IS DIFFICULT).

And now you and I will have a rest, get up from our desks and move around a little.

Physical exercise.

We clap our hands, clap, clap
(clapping overhead)
We stomp our feet, stomp, stomp
(raise our knees high)
Shaking our heads
(move your head back and forth)
We raise our hands, we lower our hands
(hands up, hands down)
We squat low and we stand up straight
(sit down and jump)
Hands down, on your side.
Unclench it into a fist
Hands up and into a fist
Unclench it to the side
Get up on your toes
Squat down and straighten up.

Breathing and articulation gymnastics(“Smelling a flower.”) gymnastics for facial expressions (short chant).

Question. Guys, what song did we learn in the last lesson?

Answer. "Two cheerful geese".

Let's remember the first verse of the song and sing.

Children perform the first verse of the song “Two Cheerful Geese”

Unlearning.

Learning 2 verses of a song, working with the text.

Lesson summary:

Guys, our journey into the world of music, goodness and beauty has come to an end. Let's tell you the topic of our lesson together.

The topic of our lesson: Introduction to musical instruments.

Purpose of the lesson: to continue to introduce children to musical instruments.

Tell me, what musical instruments do you know?

How do we play the piano? Violin? Guitar? Triangle?

Besides listening in class, what else did you do? ( They sang, played musical instruments, guessed riddles.)

Guys, it's time to return to our colors, they will help you know your mood at the end of the lesson. Pick up a flower that matches your mood.

Now count how many notes you received for the lesson (grading).

Abstract directly educational activities
"Introduction to wind musical instruments"

From a music project
"What do we know about musical instruments"

Ganicheva Tatyana Avenirovna,
musical director MBDOU No. 25,
Monchegorsk

Samuseva Yulia Nikolaevna,
teacher of MBDOU No. 25,
Monchegorsk

Tasks:
1. Shape elementary representations about wind musical instruments.
2. Develop perception of music.
3. Introduce students to classical music through the study of symphony orchestra instruments.

Children enter the hall and perform the greeting “Hello” by M. Yu. Kartushina.
Educator: Take one card each, now we will play with you.

Game "Musical Instruments", Ukrainian people melody
Part 1 – children with musical instrument cards run in a circle.
Part 2 - springs, hands with a card right - left, circling.
At the end of the music, the children take turns (to whom the teacher points) name the instrument and which group of the symphony orchestra it belongs to.

The children sit down at the piano.
Musical director: Look what an unusual bird (blows a whistle). What is this, guys? The whistle is a folk wind instrument. Why brass? Because they blow into it! What does the shepherd boy play? (show illustration). That's right, on a pipe or pipe. Listen.

Performed on audio recording "Flute Concerto No. 1" V.A. Mozart.

Musical director: What does a musical instrument sound like? The sound is light, graceful, whistling. This is played by a flute (illustration).
The flute is a wind instrument, very similar to a pipe.
Today we will introduce you to the wind instruments of a symphony orchestra. Name the groups of instruments that you already know? (Poster - instruments of a symphony orchestra).
Children name instruments.
Musical director: First of all, know that there are 2 groups of wind instruments, depending on the material from which these instruments are made. From wood - (children say: wooden), from copper (children say: copper) wind instruments.
The group of woodwind instruments includes: flute, bassoon, clarinet and oboe (showing cards).
The flute has the most high voice. The flute is a woodwind instrument, but now it is most often made of metal, sometimes plastic and glass. Listen to the flute.
On the screen there is a slide - a flute (from music presentation"Wind instruments").

Corrective exercise "Connect the dots"(flute outline).

Musical director: The oboe has a lower voice than the flute. Oboe’s voice is a little nasal (like that of a person who speaks “in his nose”) (slide – oboe). Listen.

Performed on audio recording "Concerto for oboe and orchestra in E flat major" V. Bellini.

Game « Musical pictures» (find the oboe silhouette in the picture) photo.

Musical director: The clarinet (poster) has a soft, warm, gentle timbre (voice). Can sing both high and low (slide – clarinet). Listen.

Performed on audio recording "Concerto No. 1 for clarinet and orchestra" Weber.

Show “symphony orchestra instruments” on the poster.
Musical director: The bassoon is a woodwind instrument with the lowest voice (sound timbre) and plays bass parts in an orchestra (slide - bassoon). Listen.

Performed on audio recording "Bassoon Solo", Petr Stoyanov.

Game "Labyrinth"(draw along the lines leading to the woodwind instruments).

Musical director: The most loud group in a symphony orchestra - brass instruments. Today I will just introduce you to them (poster). Which instrument are you familiar with? That's right, it's a pipe.
The trumpet is an instrument with a high, clear sound. Trumpets come in different sizes, each with its own timbre (voice).
Horn (horn) - its sound can be soft, maybe creaky. She is not alone in the orchestra (from 2 to 8).
Trombone - often performs not a melody, but a bass accompaniment. Only the trombone has a special retractable part, with the help of which the sound of the instrument changes (show).
Tuba is the most deep voice, like the double bass of string instruments. The timbre of the tuba is harsh and massive.

Musical director: Remember, we watched the fairy tale “The Musical House”. Let today in our musical house Only wind instruments will settle.

Game “Find the card of the given instrument and place it in the window of the tower”(children do one at a time at will, the rest of the children check the correctness of the task and help).

Musical director: Listen.

Performed "Oblivion" A. Piazzolla (Spanish Veronica Kozhukharova (saxophone) and Moscow Symphony Orchestra).

Musical director: This is the sound of a saxophone. It has a melodious vibrating sound. The saxophone is one of the woodwind instruments, although it is made of metal. This instrument is only sometimes included in the symphony orchestra. More often it sounds in jazz and on the stage.
Musical director: We had a wonderful time together. Did you like it? Which symphony orchestra group did we meet today? What wind instrument did you like? (Children answer one at a time at will). We have prepared cards for you with a riddle that you will try to solve with your mom or dad and draw the answer (on the back there is a silhouette with dots). Please come to me, I want to thank you and say goodbye (the children close their eyes, the music director strokes their heads).

Children's music playing opens up a magical world for the child musical sounds, helps to immerse yourself in the melodic beauty of the sound of instruments and awaken creative initiative. It is important to develop in a child everything valuable that nature has so generously endowed him with, creating a favorable environment for the formation musical culture, based on the innate abilities of the child, revealing and improving the inclinations and inclinations inherent in him.

Goals of conducting classes on musical instruments in kindergarten, specific tasks and techniques

Aesthetic pleasure obtained from playing different games different instruments, related creative and outdoor games contribute to expanding the range of musical impressions, personal development children, stimulate creative activity, develop thinking, attention, memory and strong-willed qualities. This is why it is so important to work on musical education carry out systematically and purposefully, carefully studying teaching methods and techniques.

Any instrument is easy to play: you just need right moment touch the desired key, and the instrument will sound itself.

J. S. Bach

Goals and objectives of classes, methodological techniques relevant for different groups

Goals: development of musical and creativity, nurturing a love of music and artistic taste.

• develop rhythmic hearing;
• introduce the classification and sound of musical instruments;
• teach playing the simplest percussion, noise, and plucked string instruments.

General teaching techniques:

• verbal:
  • educational conversation;
  • practical explanations;
  • leading and problematic questions;
  • riddles;
  • poems;
• visual:
  • demonstration and examination of instruments;
  • discussion of thematic illustrations;
  • showing ways and techniques of the game;
• practical:
  • children’s reproduction of techniques for playing various musical instruments;
  • improving acquired skills;
  • production of musical instruments and playing aids from scrap and scrap materials;
• gaming:
  • didactic games;
  • active musical games.

Video: game “Happy Tambourine”

https://youtube.com/watch?v=a4sHFYCQQB4 Video can’t be loaded: Musical and didactic game “Cheerful Tambourine” (https://youtube.com/watch?v=a4sHFYCQQB4)

Music lessons involve competent alternation of frontal, group, and individual formats of teacher work with children. This approach allows children to become more deeply acquainted with the expressive capabilities of each instrument, stimulates interest in music-making, creative improvisation, and awakens inspiration for writing.

Methodological techniques for working with different age groups

Each age period has its own characteristics and requires its own pedagogical approach. The methodological recommendations also differ.

Age: 2–3 years (first junior group)

Gaming techniques: children become familiar with musical instruments while playing out a surprise situation. For example, a bear brought a bag with some amazing objects (pipes, rattles, drums, cubes), the kids examine the instruments and try to make sounds. Then under musical accompaniment They perform rhythmic movements of varying strengths with a rattle, allowing them to achieve either quiet or loud sounds. The lesson turns into a little research, learning new things, and gives you your discoveries. This creates an atmosphere of relaxed joyful surprise and pleasure from communicating with music. At the next lesson, communication with the forest friend continues, clumsy bear offers to dance with him to the sound of a tambourine. Kids will be happy to imitate their favorite hero, moving slowly from foot to foot, waddling and trying to follow the rhythmic pattern of dance movements. Through play activities, children also learn:

• distinguish the sounds of different musical instruments;
• identify sounds by height;
• develop a sense of rhythm.

Age: 4 years

Children of the fourth year of life are additionally familiar with the musical hammer and metallophone, and happily take part in rhythm games with tools. For example, children are asked to convey the accelerating or decelerating sound of the wheels of a moving train or the clatter of hooves of a running horse. In game didactic tasks, children of this age can without much difficulty:

• reproduce a fast and slow sound rhythm on one instrument (a nimble bunny jumps quickly, a large clumsy elephant walks slowly and heavily);
• distinguish between high and low sounds of a bell;
• convey the elementary rhythmic pattern of the melody;
• recognize a musical instrument known to them by its “voice”.

Children of middle preschool age master the art of playing the metallophone

Age: 5 years

Children of this age master the art of playing the metallophone. This tool helps develop ear for music, sense of rhythm, as well as musical memory. The teacher pays great attention demonstration and simultaneous explanation correct position body, hand movements. The initial acquaintance with the technique of playing the glockenspiel occurs during a lesson, and training and consolidation of skills continues during individual communication with children - for example, when a child is asked to depict a rhythmic pattern own name with simultaneous voice accompaniment. To accurately depict the rhythm, the teacher suggests first clapping and then reproducing the rhythmic pattern on a tambourine or musical hammers. Great value acquire the reproduction of a melodic line, adherence to tempo, and coherence of movements.

Playing plucked string instruments also develops fine motor skills.

Age: 6 years

Children get acquainted with new and rather complex plucked string instruments (harp, zither, gusli) and keyboard instruments (accordion, button accordion). Mastering the skill of playing the zither is carried out in an individual form. Didactic games with a musical orientation, which awaken children's fantasy and imagination and develop sensory abilities, become of utmost importance. In the second half of the year, children begin to master musical literacy. The study of the musical staff and the names of notes takes place through game situations that evoke a lively emotional response and cognitive interest; poems, songs, and fairy tales are actively used.

Stages of getting to know musical instruments

Game techniques:

1. Junior preschool age:
   • rattle: hitting the palm of the hand or a hard horizontal surface (table, floor) with an instrument; shaking;
   • tambourine: the instrument is fixed in one hand, a blow is struck with the palm or fist of the other hand; shaking;
   • bells: the instrument is held in a vertical position, struck with a stick, pushed with a finger or shaken freely;
   • drum: synchronous, alternating rhythmic beats with sticks or roll;
   • wooden spoons: “palm” technique, hitting the “heel” with the “heel”;
   • metallophone: confidently driving a hammer in the air, hitting one plate with a rebound.
2. Middle preschool age:
   • tambourine: new technique - hitting with fingertips;
   • metallophone: practicing the glissando technique (slow sliding from sound to sound);
   • spoons: a new technique - “pancakes” (alternate blows on the “heel” of the left spoon, then on the “heel” of the right spoon).
3. Senior preschool age:
   • glockenspiel:
     • freely unfolding the hand, perform the “blow-rebound” technique;
     • achieve the correct movement of the hammer up and down;
     • learn to convey a sound rhythmic pattern by tapping;
   • xylophone, rumba: “Bourdon” technique (continuous sound);
   • familiarization with the techniques of playing percussion and noise instruments:
     • beaters,
     • maracas,
     • castanets,
     • bells

Video: concert number (middle and senior preschool age)

https://youtube.com/watch?v=1T9Dj1qA5rY Video can’t be loaded: Kindergarten. Playing musical instruments. (https://youtube.com/watch?v=1T9Dj1qA5rY)

Organizing a lesson on learning musical instruments

Lesson structure:

1. Introductory, motivational part:
   • musical greeting,
   • watching a presentation video,
   • educational conversation,
   • discussion of the topic.
2. Main part:
   • creative tasks and exercises,
   • playing children's musical instruments,
   • musical and didactic games.
3. Final part:
   • final conversation between the teacher and the children,
   • gratitude for the active work and interest shown in the lesson.

Interest in playing music can be awakened by the professional approach and personal imagination of the teacher, who can use in their work to activate the creative potential of their students:

• poems;
• riddles;
• games;
• costume performances;
• demonstration of illustrations;
• listening to a fragment of a piece of music;
• watching multimedia presentations, videos or animated films.

The teacher’s thoughtful approach to organizing classes, comprehensive preliminary preparation will create an informal, lively environment, increase the interest and emotional return of children.

Table: ideas for the introductory part of the lesson

Video: introduction to musical instruments (GCD - directed educational activity, middle group, author I. V. Tyarina)

https://youtube.com/watch?v=zleT8AEcs4s Video can’t be loaded: GCD “Acquaintance with musical instruments from different countries” (https://youtube.com/watch?v=zleT8AEcs4s)

Topics for developmental conversation:

• “Is it possible to live without music?”
• "Keyboard City"
• "Visiting the wind instruments"
• “Secrets and mysteries of Russian folk instruments”

Stories about different instruments for the introductory part of a music lesson

You can also use information and communication technologies (ICT), supplementing the text with records of the relevant tool and pictures:

1. From the first moments of life, a person is surrounded by sounds. In the natural world, music is everywhere. Listen - and you will hear the melody of birds singing, rustling autumn leaves underfoot, the rolling sound of the sea wave, the quiet breath of the spring breeze, the chirping of cicadas on a hot summer day. Music surrounds us everywhere, we just need to learn to hear it. People have come up with many different tools, invented special musical writing, with the help of notes we learned to write down melodies. Today we will touch amazing world musical instruments.

   

   Music is everywhere in the natural world

2. Percussion instruments are a loud, boisterous group of instruments. Its most famous, powerful and important participant is the drum. Guys, why do you think the drum is round and not triangular? (Only a circle allows you to achieve the necessary tension force on the skin). With the help of sticks you can get sounds of different strengths - from the rustle of light steps to a menacing rumble. Drumming is the most difficult performing technique and requires real virtuoso skill from the musician.

   

   Percussion instruments are the loudest, noisiest team of instruments

3. The family of wind instruments (brass) - leads the parade processions, being a welcome participant in special events: the jubilant voices of brilliant beauties (trumpet, flute, saxophone) perform melodies in honor of the winners of sports competitions, greeting the most dear and important guests. Perhaps the name is due to the fact that the magical sounds that delight listeners will be produced only by those musicians who put their soul into playing.

   

   The family of wind instruments (brass) leads the parade processions, a welcome participant in special events

4. The community of string instruments (violin, guitar, cello) has always been very loved by even the most demanding and strict public due to its gentle and soft sound. In their shape, these instruments are very reminiscent human body, sounds are produced with a bow or the pads of the fingertips. String instruments occupy the most important places in the symphony orchestra - in front of the conductor and the audience.

   

   With their shape, these instruments are very reminiscent of the human body; sounds are produced with a bow or the pads of the fingertips.

Video: “How keyboard and wind musical instruments sound” (cartoon)

Musical and didactic games for younger groups

Options game exercises and tasks for children aged two to four years:

• playing to the soundtrack of any popular children's song, tapping “to the beat”;
• sound accompaniment to poems;
• sound pictures on the proposed topic (for example, depict a natural phenomenon - rain, wind noise, snowfall);
• fairy-tale story in sound (onomatopoeia for fairy-tale characters).

"The Story of Baby Squirrels"

In the fall, baby squirrels ran along forest paths, diligently collecting mushrooms and nuts for the winter (drum your fingers). But then fluffy white snowflakes began to quietly fall to the ground (metallophone), gradually they wrapped the chilled earth in a beautiful snow-white blanket, on which traces of nimble squirrels became noticeable (triangle). In their cozy and warm tree houses, the baby squirrels gnawed nuts (spoons). The warmth of their houses was kept by a rug of dry leaves (with the rustling of noise instruments). And it was cold outside, an icy wind was blowing (flute).

"In the clearing"

Forest animals have come running to a sunny clearing to bask - a variety of music sounds, conveying images of animals: a slowly waddling bear, a quickly jumping bunny, a cautiously sneaking fox. Kids need to guess who is who and show them in motion and sound.

Kids need to depict the image of an animal in movement and sound.

"Droplets and Rays"

Children listen carefully to music depicting the sound of rain. Kids need to clap the rain and convey the smooth movements of gentle rays of sunshine on a musical instrument. Children independently choose the appropriate instrument and come up with dance moves.

"Musical Flowers"

A game to recognize the character of a melody.

The pictures are on the table. Children listen to the soundtrack, take turns determining the nature of the music, choosing the appropriate flower and showing it.

Each child has one flower; if a melody sounds that matches the mood of his flower’s face, then the child picks up his card.

The middle of the flower depicts options for emotional states

The middle of the flower depicts variants of the emotional state:

• gentle, affectionate, calm, pacifying;
• sad, melancholy, melancholic;
• perky, joyful, mischievous.

Games for middle and high school age

Middle and senior preschool age Children can already cope with more complex tasks.

"Rhythmic Ornaments"

The game develops the idea of ​​high and low, long and short, smooth and sharp sounds. Didactic material: pictures from graphic representation rhythmic pattern.

The game develops the idea of ​​high and low, long and short, smooth and sharp sounds.

Children are invited to clap, play instruments, and show with the help of their voice or plastic movements the musical pattern depicted on the card.

"Rhythmic fence"

The game reinforces the concept of a strong beat and develops a sense of rhythm. The teacher claps melodies of different genres (polka, waltz, march) with an emphasis on strong beat, showing the corresponding card.

The game reinforces the concept of a strong beat and develops a sense of rhythm.

"Pick a picture"

An exercise to reinforce the concept of musical tempo. Children listen to a piece of music, determine the tempo (fast, slow, very fast, very slow) and choose a picture of an animal whose character and temperament corresponds to the musical tempo.

Exercise to reinforce the concept of musical tempo

"Guess the musical instrument"

Musical fragments performed by a musical instrument are heard, children recognize it by sound and point to the corresponding card.

Children recognize an instrument by its sound and point to the corresponding card.

"Magic Screen"

The game expands your musical horizons, develops memory and attention. Children must recognize the song, remember the name, and choose a picture depicting an episode from a popular cartoon. Based on the picture, the child identifies the cartoon, remembers and sings the song.

Based on the picture, the child identifies the cartoon, remembers and sings the song.

"Loto for little musicians"

The game trains your pitch hearing abilities. It uses two groups of cards:

The child chooses an instrument and performs a melody ascending, descending, or on one sound: up from first to fifth, down from fifth to first, on one ruler.

"The Fourth Wheel"

The game reinforces knowledge about percussion, strings, wind and keyboard instruments. The child is offered a sheet with images of 4 musical instruments, where three belong to the same type, and the fourth does not. The child covers a picture that falls out of the logical series with a card.

The violin does not belong to the group of keyboards

"Musician Cube"

To play you will need a dice large size, it can be made from a packaging box or from an element of a modular construction set; images of children's musical instruments are glued to the edge of the cube. The cube should be light and attractive. The players throw it around in a circle to the accompaniment of music, the music stops, and the children stop playing. The child, who has a cube in his hands, names the instrument drawn on the top edge, approaches the table, takes the corresponding musical instrument and plays a melody, repeating the rhythmic pattern after the teacher.

The child names the instrument drawn on the top edge, approaches the table, takes the corresponding musical instrument and plays a melody

"Ladder"

Items for play: a five-step ladder made from elements of a building set, toys, children's musical instruments. The first player plays a melody, the second player determines the direction of the sound movement and moves the toy to the top step, the bottom, or leaves it on the same step.

The player determines the direction of the sound movement of the melody and moves the toy along the steps

Video: playing musical instruments (senior group)

https://youtube.com/watch?v=oAiU61VA-LM Video can’t be loaded: “What makes noise and what sounds, or we play children’s musical instruments” (https://youtube.com/watch?v=oAiU61VA-LM)

Table: riddles about musical instruments

Video: musical and didactic game “Guess the musical instrument”

https://youtube.com/watch?v=I6dkLxSrPX8 Video can’t be loaded: MDI Guess the musical instrument (https://youtube.com/watch?v=I6dkLxSrPX8)

Project development algorithm

A creative project for acquaintance with musical instruments is a combined and expanded version of the implementation of cognitive and creative activities, combining several multidirectional artistic, aesthetic and practical activities ( musical development, fiction, drawing, appliqué, making children's musical instruments, concert performances, etc.) with a common theme.

Types of projects:

• short-term - from one lesson to one week;
• long-term - from a month to a year.

Project development algorithm:

• preparatory work;
• main part;
• final stage.

Directions and forms of implementation:

• intellectual and cognitive development:
  • educational conversations with parents and students;
  • quizzes and musical-didactic games;
  • homework;
  • demonstration material and visual aids(presentation games, information stands, moving folders, a music museum or corner, albums, an exhibition of children's drawings, etc.);
  • festive musical and theatrical events;
  • excursions, visits to museum exhibitions and concerts;
• educational games (musical and didactic, artistic, role-playing).
• practical activities in the manufacture of musical instruments;
• verbal techniques aimed at activating attention and developing memory (poems, tongue twisters, riddles, folklore materials, fairy tales);
• costumed musical entertainment, concert, music room (with the participation of a music worker).

Table: musical project “Russian Miracle Instruments”

Table: musical project “Russian folk instruments”, author E. A. Glushko

Video: Music Day in kindergarten

https://youtube.com/watch?v=j1s5BcbkqNg Video can’t be loaded: Lesson on playing musical instruments. Music Day in Päikseke kindergarten. (https://youtube.com/watch?v=j1s5BcbkqNg)

DIY children's musical instruments

These crafts are easy and simple to make with your children.

Maracas “Herringbone” and “Flower”, “Noisemaker” from a box

Materials and tools:

• a large bottle of children's champagne,
• a smaller juice bottle,
• box,
• sets of colored and corrugated paper,
• standard size sheet of paper,
• markers,
• simple pencil,
• scissors,
• PVA glue,
• cereals, peas, salt.

For noise musical instruments you need containers, filler and paper for covering.

Step by step instructions:

1. Prepare a long strip of colored corrugated paper four to five centimeters wide, apply glue and decorate the body of the juice bottle.
   

   

   Prepare a long strip of colored corrugated paper four to five centimeters wide, apply glue and decorate the body of the juice bottle

2. Cut ribbons of two colors with a width of 8 and 10 cm from corrugated paper, the length depends on the diameter of the bottles. Cut strips on one side of the tape.

   

   Cut strips of corrugated paper in two colors 8 and 10 cm wide

3. Apply a bead of glue along the edge of the wide strip and glue a narrow strip of a different color to it.

   

   Apply a strip of glue along the edge of the wide strip and glue a narrow strip of a different color to it

4. Prepare another strip for the neck about six centimeters wide and make cuts in the same way.

   

   Prepare another strip for the neck about six centimeters wide and make cuts in the same way

5. Cover the body of a large bottle, starting from the base, and cover the neck in a spiral motion.

   

   Cover the main part of the bottle body, starting from the base, and cover the neck in a spiral motion.

6. On A4 paper, draw a circle of thirteen to fourteen centimeters (using a compass or tracing a ready-made template).

   

   On A-4 paper, draw a circle of thirteen to fourteen centimeters (using a compass or tracing a ready-made template)

7. Divide the circle into eight parts, rounding the edges of the inner triangles into the shape of petals.

   

   Divide the circle into eight parts, rounding the edges of the inner triangles into petal shapes

8. Cut out the flower, draw a round center the size of the neck and make cuts along the lines.

   

   Cut out the flower, draw a round center according to the size of the neck and make cuts along the lines

9. Draw two blanks with colored pencils or felt-tip pens (optional).
   

   

   Draw two blanks with felt-tip pens or colored pencils

10. Place the blanks on the neck of the bottle and pour the noise material into the bottles.

    

    Place the blanks on the neck of the bottle, pour the cereal into the bottles

11. Prepare bright colored strips three to five centimeters wide and two squares, cover the box; one of back sides We don’t seal it, we leave room for pouring the cereal into the box. Pour the filler into the box.

    

    Prepare bright colored strips three to five centimeters wide and two squares, cover the box

12. Screw on the lids and seal the box: the musical toys are ready!

    

    Musical toys are ready

Instructions:

1. Cover mayonnaise jars with colored paper blanks.
2. Thread bright ribbons into the side holes.

Cover the mayonnaise jars with blanks of colored paper, thread bright ribbons into the side holes, the tool is ready

Instructions:

1. Prepare clean plastic round boxes from food products.
2. Insert bells along the edge.
3. Decorate with pictures.

Prepare clean plastic round food boxes, insert bells along the edges, decorate with pictures

"Naughty Rattles"

Light plastic bottles, boxes of gels, shampoos, yoghurts, etc., filled one third with noise material, such as cereal or peas, are suitable as a base. The vessels can be covered with colored paper, faces can be painted on, etc.

Plastic bottles, boxes of gels, shampoos, yoghurts are filled one third with different noise materials

Instructions:

1. A spiral twisted from foil is inserted into the food foil tube.
2. Any noise filler is poured.
3. Both ends of the tool are sealed.

A spiral twisted from foil is inserted into a tube of food foil, any noise filler is poured in, and both ends of the tool are sealed.

"Gorodets ratchet"

Step by step instructions:

1. Cut rectangular pieces of equal size from chipboard and tint using acrylic paints.

   

   Cut rectangular pieces of equal size from chipboard and tint using acrylic paints

2. Wait for the paint to dry, paint on each piece with a simple pencil sketch of a decorative ornament in the style of Gorodets painting.

   

   draw on each blank with a simple pencil a sketch of a decorative ornament in the style of Gorodets painting

3. Carefully paint the petals.

   

   Carefully paint the petals

4. Paint the flowers and circles red.

   

   Paint the flowers and circles red

5. Add blue circles.

   

   Add blue circles

6. Supplement the ornament with decorative elements.

   

   Supplement the ornament with decorative elements

7. Drill a hole in each piece, coat the parts of the product with varnish, and wait until completely dry. Connect all the parts with colored tape.

   

   Drill a hole in each workpiece, connect all parts with colored tape

Photo gallery: homemade children's musical instruments

Jar, with plastic lids on both sides Drums made of tin cans Tin boxes decorated with burst balls stretched over the bottom Gusli (shoe box lid and colored rubber bands) Castanets made of lids Bells on a cardboard tube Bells attached to a wide elastic band Sticks with noise filling, bells on bracelets Pipe made from straws Tambourine (embroidery hoop and metal bottle caps)

For preschoolers, due to their age, it is difficult to organize a visit to a conservatory or to a symphony orchestra performance in a real concert hall. But in a fun, lively, playful way, you can introduce kids to the world of musical instruments, even try to experiment and make the most unexpected musical toys with them from scrap materials. Thus, already in preschool age, the child will have an idea about the main groups of instruments, the features of their structure and sound, which will replenish the general musical knowledge and develop a common artistic culture.

44 years old. Higher teacher education, specialty: history and law, graduate school. Work experience in higher school- 22 years old. Sphere professional activities- conducting lectures and seminars, educational, methodological and scientific work (there are scientific publications).