Pavel Korchagin so that it would not be excruciatingly painful. Ostrovsky Nikolai Alekseevich: quotes, aphorisms, statements. Triumph of the will. The main feature of Nikolai Ostrovsky was the love of truth and the search for justice

“The most precious thing a person has is life.

It is given to him once, and he must live it in such a way that there is no excruciating pain for the years spent aimlessly, so that the shame for a petty and petty past does not burn, and so that, when dying, he can say: all his life and all his strength were given to the most beautiful thing in the world - the struggle for the liberation of humanity."

Nikolay Ostrovsky

Nikolai Ostrovsky was born on September 29, 1904 in the village of Viliya in Volyn into the family of a retired military man.

His father Alexei Ivanovich distinguished himself in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and was awarded two St. George Crosses for his special bravery. After the war, Anatoly Ostrovsky worked as a maltster at a distillery, and Ostrovsky’s mother, Olga Osipovna, was a cook.

The Ostrovsky family lived poorly, but amicably, and valued education and work. Nikolai's older sisters, Nadezhda and Ekaterina, became rural teachers, and Nikolai himself was early accepted into a parochial school “due to his extraordinary abilities,” from which he graduated at the age of 9 with a certificate of merit. In 1915, he graduated from a two-year school in Shepetivka, and in 1918 he entered the Higher Primary School, later transformed into the Unified Labor School, and became a student representative on the pedagogical council.

From the age of 12, Ostrovsky had to work for hire: as a container operator, a warehouse worker, and a fireman's assistant at a power plant. Subsequently, he wrote to Mikhail Sholokhov about this period of his life: “I am a full-time fireman and I was a good master when it came to refueling boilers.”

Ostrovsky, Belinsky, Nekrasov and others... extremists

Hard work did not interfere with Ostrovsky's romantic impulses. His favorite books were "Spartacus" by Giovagnoli, "The Gadfly" by Voynich, and the novels of Cooper and Walter Scott, in which brave heroes fought for freedom against the injustice of tyrants. In his youth, he read Bryusov’s poems to his friends; when he came to Novikov, he devoured Homer’s “Iliad” and Erasmus of Rotterdam’s “In Praise of Folly.”

Under the influence of Shepetovsky Marxists, Ostrovsky became involved in underground work and became an activist in the revolutionary movement. Brought up on romantic and adventurous bookish ideals, he accepted the October Revolution with delight. On July 20, 1919, Nikolai Ostrovsky joined the Komsomol and went to the front to fight against the enemies of the revolution. He first served in Kotovsky's division, then in the 1st Cavalry Army under the command of Budyonny.

In one of the battles, Ostrovsky fell from his horse at full gallop; later he was wounded in the head and stomach. All this had a severe impact on his health, and in 1922, eighteen-year-old Ostrovsky was sent into retirement.

After demobilization, Ostrovsky found employment on the labor front. After graduating from school in Shepetivka, he continued his studies at the Kiev Electrotechnical College without interruption from work, and, together with the first Komsomol members of Ukraine, was mobilized to restore the national economy. Ostrovsky participated in the construction of a narrow-gauge road, which was supposed to become the main highway to provide firewood to Kyiv, which was dying of cold and typhus. There he caught a cold, fell ill with typhus and was sent home in an unconscious state. Through the efforts of his family, he managed to cope with the disease, but soon he caught a cold again, saving the forest in the icy water. After that, I had to interrupt my studies, and, as it turned out, forever.

He later wrote about all this in his novel “How the Steel Was Tempered”: how, while saving a timber rafting, he threw himself into icy water, and the severe cold after this labor feat, and about rheumatism, and about typhus...

At the age of 18, he learned that doctors had given him a terrible diagnosis - an incurable, progressive ankylosing spondylitis, which leads the patient to complete disability. Ostrovsky had severe joint pain. And later he was given a final diagnosis - progressive ankylosing polyarthritis, gradual ossification of the joints.

Doctors suggested that the shocked young man go on disability and wait for the end. But Nikolai chose to fight. He sought to make life, even in this seemingly hopeless state, useful for others. However, the consequences of exhausting work increasingly made themselves felt. He experienced the first attacks of an incurable disease in 1924 and in the same year he became a member of the Communist Party.

With his characteristic complete dedication and youthful maximalism, he devoted himself to working with young people. He became a Komsomol leader and organizer of the first Komsomol cells in the border regions of Ukraine: Berezdov, Izyaslavl. Together with Komsomol activists, Ostrovsky participated in the fight of the ChON detachments against armed gangs seeking to break into Soviet territory.

The disease progressed, and an endless series of stays in hospitals, clinics and sanatoriums began. Painful procedures and operations did not bring improvement, but Nikolai did not give up. He educated himself, studied at the Sverdlovsk correspondence communist university, and read a lot.

Russian classic writers about Russian liberals

At the end of the twenties, in Novorossiysk, he met his future wife. By the fall of 1927, Nikolai Alekseevich could no longer walk. In addition, he developed an eye disease, which eventually led him to blindness, and was a consequence of complications after typhus.

Nikolai Ostrovsky with his wife Raisa a year before his death.

In the fall of 1927, Ostrovsky began writing an autobiographical novel, “The Tale of the Kotovtsy.” The manuscript of this book, created with truly titanic labor and sent by mail to former comrades in Odessa for discussion, unfortunately, was lost on the way back, and its fate remained unknown But Nikolai Ostrovsky, accustomed to endure even lesser blows of fate, did not lose courage and did not despair.

In a letter dated November 26, 1928, he wrote: “People strong as oxen walk around me, but with blood as cold as that of fish. Their speech smells of mold, and I hate them, I can’t understand how a healthy person can to be bored during such a stressful period. I have never lived such a life and will not live.”

From that time on, he was forever bedridden, and in the fall of 1929 Ostrovsky moved to Moscow for treatment.

“The 20 to 30 books he brought were barely enough for him to last a week,” noted his wife. Yes, in his library there were not two - two thousand books! And it began, according to his mother, with a magazine sheet in which they wanted to wrap a herring for him, but he brought the herring, holding it by the tail, and put the magazine sheet on the shelf... “Have I changed a lot?” - Ostrovsky later asked Marta Purin, his longtime friend. “Yes,” she answered, “you have become an educated person.”

In 1932, he began work on the book “How Steel Was Tempered.” After an eight-month stay in the hospital, Ostrovsky and his wife settled in the capital. Absolutely immobilized, blind and helpless, he was left completely alone for 12-16 hours every day. Trying to overcome despair and hopelessness, he looked for a way out of his energy, and since his hands still retained some mobility, Nikolai Alekseevich decided to start writing. With the help of his wife and friends, who made him a special “transparency” (a folder with slots), he tried to write down the first pages of the future book. But this opportunity to write himself did not last long, and later he was forced to dictate the book to his family, friends, his roommate, and even his nine-year-old niece.

He fought the disease with the same courage and tenacity with which he once fought in the Civil War. He educated himself, read books one after another, and graduated from a communist university in absentia. Being paralyzed, he led a Komsomol circle at home, preparing himself for literary activity. He worked at night, using a stencil, and during the day his friends, neighbors, wife, and mother worked together to decipher what was written.

Nikolai Ostrovsky strove to learn to write well - traces of this are clearly visible to the experienced eye. He studied the art of writing from Gogol (scenes with Petliura’s Colonel Golub; openings like “good evenings in Ukraine in the summer in small towns like Shepetovka...”, etc.). He learned from his contemporaries (the “chopped style” of B. Pilnyak, I. Babel), from those who helped him edit the book. I learned to paint portraits (it didn’t turn out very skillfully, it was monotonous), look for comparisons, individualize the characters’ speech, and build an image. Not everything was successful, it was difficult to get rid of cliches, to find successful expressions - all this had to be done, overcoming illness, immobility, the basic inability to read and write...

The manuscript sent to the Young Guard magazine received a devastating review: “the types derived are unrealistic.” However, Ostrovsky obtained a second review of the manuscript. After this, the manuscript was actively edited by the deputy editor-in-chief of the Young Guard, Mark Kolosov, and the executive editor, Anna Karavaeva, a famous writer of that time. Ostrovsky acknowledged Karavaeva’s great participation in working with the text of the novel; he also noted the participation of Alexander Serafimovich.

The first part of the novel was a huge success. It was impossible to get copies of the magazine where it was published, and there were queues in libraries for it. The editors of the magazine were overwhelmed by a stream of reader letters.

The image of the main character of the novel, Korchagin, was autobiographical. The writer rethought personal impressions and documents, and created new literary images. Revolutionary slogans and business speech, documentary and fiction, lyricism and chronicle - Ostrovsky combined all this into a work of art that was new to Soviet literature. For many generations of Soviet youth, the hero of the novel became a moral example.

Once, dissatisfied with some of the family scenes in the novel, some critic wrote that they contributed to “the dilution of the granite figure of Pavka Korchagin.” Nikolai was outraged - granite is not a building material for a living person. He called the article “vulgar”: “I am heart-sick, but I will respond with a saber blow.” One of his voluntary secretaries, Maria Bartz, left us evidence of what bothered him when dictating: “Did it turn out humanely? Isn’t it popular? Isn’t Pavel Korchagin too orthodox? Isn’t he a crybaby?”

In 1933, Nikolai Ostrovsky in Sochi continued work on the second part of the novel, and in 1934 the first complete edition of this book was published.

In March 1935, the newspaper Pravda published an essay by Mikhail Koltsov, “Courage.” From it, millions of readers learned for the first time that the hero of the novel “How the Steel Was Tempered,” Pavel Korchagin, was not a figment of the author’s imagination. That the author of this novel is the hero. They began to admire Ostrovsky. His novel has been translated into English, Japanese and Czech. In New York he was published in a newspaper.

Who dictates the rules on the writing front in Belarus?

On October 1, 1935, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Ostrovsky was awarded the Order of Lenin. In December 1935, Nikolai Alekseevich was given an apartment in Moscow, on Gorky Street, and a dacha was built especially for him in Sochi. He was also awarded the military rank of brigade commissar.

Ostrovsky continued to work, and in the summer of 1936 he completed the first part of the novel Born of the Storm. At the author’s insistence, the new book was discussed at an off-site meeting of the presidium of the board of the Union of Soviet Writers at the author’s Moscow apartment.

The last month of his life Nikolai Alekseevich was busy making amendments to the novel. He works “three shifts” and was preparing to rest. And on December 22, 1936, Nikolai Alekseevich Ostrovsky’s heart stopped.

On the day of his solemn funeral, December 26, the book was published - printing house workers typed and printed it in record time.

Meyerhold staged a play about Pavka Korchagin based on a dramatization of the novel made by Yevgeny Gabrilovich. A few years before his death, Evgeniy Iosifovich Gabrilovich told what a grandiose spectacle it was: “At the screening, the hall exploded with applause! It was so burning, so shocking! It was a solemn tragedy.” We clearly see the tragedy of that era today. Then it was forbidden to see her. After all, “life has become better, life has become more fun”... The performance was banned.

The novel “How the Steel Was Tempered” by Ostrovsky has gone through more than 200 editions in many languages of the world. It was central to the school curriculum until the late 1980s.

Nikolai Ostrovsky was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Encyclopedic dictionary of popular words and expressions Vadim Vasilievich Serov

Life must be lived in such a way that there is no excruciating pain from wasted years.

Life must be lived in such a way that there is no excruciating pain from wasted years.

From the novel (Part 2, Chapter 3) “How the Steel Was Tempered” (1932-1934) by a Soviet writer Nikolai Alekseevich Ostrovsky(1904-1936): “The most precious thing a person has is life. It is given to him once, and he must live it in such a way that he is not painfully ashamed of the years spent aimlessly, so that the shame of his petty and petty past does not burn, and so that, dying, he can say: all his life and all his strength were given to the most important thing in the world: the struggle for the liberation of humanity. And we must hurry to live. After all, an absurd illness or some tragic accident could interrupt it.

Overwhelmed by these thoughts, Korchagin left the brotherly cemetery.”

Quoted as a call to a dignified, active life.

From the book Complete Encyclopedia of a Young Housewife author

Chapter 16. So that everything is always at hand Nowadays, the role of the kitchen has changed noticeably. Most often it is used as a dining room and sometimes a living room. Well, the kitchen will always remain a kitchen. It should be comfortable, and then success in the field of cooking is guaranteed to you.

From the book Complete Encyclopedia of a Young Housewife author Polivalina Lyubov Alexandrovna

Chapter 41. To make everyone comfortable In this chapter we’ll talk about how to properly place indoor plants. Do you think that everything is quite simple here and that the best place for any plant is a windowsill? Don't rush to conclusions. Not everything is as simple and clear as it might be

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Part three. ABOUT THE ART OF SEPARATING, or HOW TO DO SO THAT IT WON’T BE EXCELLENTLY PAINFUL Chapter 55 CHEATING ON YOUR HUSBAND, or IS IT WORTH DOING WHAT YOU MAY NOT DO For some reason, it is believed that only men cheat. That was probably it. Earlier. In times of widespread sexual

From the book 150 situations on the road that every driver should be able to solve author Kolisnichenko Denis Nikolaevich

Tip No. 75 To avoid the disastrous consequences of water hammer, slow down in front of a puddle. Water, as we know, is an incompressible liquid. When it enters the engine cylinder, a hydraulic shock occurs. Of course, one drop won't do anything bad. The car should be fine

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To live a hundred years And now about the most important thing. About your attitude to life. About the ability to live. “People age in different ways,” says academician D. Chebotarev. - For some, years add ailments and illnesses. Others remain healthy and creative even in old age.

From the book Miracles: Popular Encyclopedia. Volume 2 author Mezentsev Vladimir Andreevich

To live a thousand years In 1973, a sensational message circulated throughout the world press: Professor D. Bedford from Los Angeles, knowing that he was dying of lung cancer, agreed to be frozen in liquid nitrogen, at a temperature close to 200 degrees below zero and returned

From the book I Explore the World. Snakes, crocodiles, turtles author Semenov Dmitry

So that life does not stop... The main task of any organism is to leave behind offspring. Reptiles solve this problem in many ways fundamentally differently than amphibians. As completely terrestrial animals, they reproduce only on land, laying eggs or

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How much Coca-Cola does it take to irritate your stomach? JAMES PAINTERNutrition specialist, professor at the University of Illinois You can drink an ocean of Coca-Cola. They say that there is so much acid in cola that if you place an iron nail in a glass of it, it will

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How to eat properly to avoid belly fat? JAMES PAINTERSNutrition specialist, professor at the University of Illinois Nowadays, everyone is suddenly obsessed with the idea that in order to eat healthily, you need to count all the calories you eat. I'm sure counting calories is

author Serov Vadim Vasilievich

The most precious thing a person has is life. It is given to him once, and he must live it in such a way that there is no excruciating pain for the years spent aimlessly, see Life must be lived in such a way that there is no excruciating pain for the years spent aimlessly

From the book Encyclopedic Dictionary of Catchwords and Expressions author Serov Vadim Vasilievich

To avoid excruciating pain, see: Life must be lived in such a way that there is no excruciating pain for wasted lives

From the book Home Plumber's Handbook author author unknown

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I recently read about such an interesting study that simply shocked me!

A survey was conducted at a hospice (a place where terminally ill people in the final stages of illness are cared for) asking what people regret most before they die.

And 87% answered that their biggest regret was living a meaningless and empty life! Think about these wild numbers!!! 9 out of 10 people, instead of doing what they really like and going towards their dreams, essentially just threw their lives into the trash! The survey is very revealing: after all, a young and healthy person always seems to have a lot of time ahead to correct and change everything. But life flies by very quickly, and by the end we get such a sad result.

What exactly did the dying people regret?

They regretted that during all the allotted time they did not have the courage to live the life that was right for them, and not the life that others expected from them. Most people have barely attempted half of what they dreamed of. They died knowing that all this happened as a result of their choices, which they made or did not make. If you do not take responsibility for your life, do not go towards your goals, then there will always be someone else for whose goals you will live.

They were sorry that they worked so hard, doing something they didn’t like, and life passed them by. Think about the activity you are currently engaged in, whether you are ready to devote your whole life to it. Do you consider it your favorite thing, purpose, mission? Would you do this activity as a hobby? People think they need a lot of money and spend all their time earning it. They do not think that before death, which is inevitable, they will not be able to take all this condition with them. In fact, all the money you make at this point will have no value. Much more important are the memories and emotions that you receive during your life, so that when you die, you say: “I lived a bright and eventful life, I have seen a lot in life and I am not ashamed to retire.” Leave time for hobbies, family and friends and your life will become happier.

Many regretted that they did not have the courage to express their feelings, then perhaps their lives would have turned out completely differently. They regretted that they didn't stay in touch with their friends, that their friendship wasn't given as much effort and time as it deserved, everyone misses their friends when they die. Sometimes pride outweighs everything in the world, which is why in old age or before death you are left completely alone, no one needs you. Imagine your funeral for a second. How many people came to them? What words would people say about you? Would it be true?

Perhaps you are already regretting that there is one girl you like, but you still don’t dare talk to her. Or you want to return this girl, having foolishly parted with her once, but later you realized how dear she really is to you. Maybe every day, when you are in crowded places, you see beautiful girls, but you still don’t dare to come up and meet them, putting off your personal life for later. Don't be surprised if you end up living a life you didn't choose.

In general, people on the verge of death regretted that they did not allow themselves to be happy. This was a surprisingly common regret. Many have not fully understood that their happiness is a matter of their choice. Be happy today, you have one life, live it right, so that you don’t regret anything at the end.

How steel was hardened (1942):

The most precious thing a person has is life. It is given to him once, and he must live it in such a way that he is not painfully ashamed of the years spent aimlessly, so that he does not feel shame for mean things. petty past and so that, dying, he could say: all his life and all his strength were devoted to the most important thing in the world: the struggle for the liberation of humanity. And we must hurry to live. After all, an absurd illness or some tragic accident could interrupt it.

Triumph of the will.The main feature of Nikolai Ostrovsky was the love of truth and the search for justice

On December 22, 1936, at eight o’clock in the evening, in Moscow, on Tverskaya, one person said:

“Did I moan? No? This is good. This means that death cannot overcome me.”

Nikolai Ostrovsky. 1926 © / RIA Novosti

He died half an hour later. died undefeated - proudly and with dignity. His name was Nikolay Ostrovsky. He was 32 years old.

Ostrovsky's novel has been published in approximately 60 million copies. “Approximately” - because China is participating in the race, where the book was published with a circulation of 15 million. And this is not the limit - “How the Steel Was Tempered” is considered to be in short supply in the Celestial Empire, but Chinese youth are met halfway and the circulation is constantly being reprinted.

Soviet writer Nikolai Ostrovsky (1st from left) at a meeting of the Berezovsky district party committee (from the collections of the N. Ostrovsky State Museum). 1923 Photo: RIA Novosti

In 1934, a Lugansk philologist student Marchenko wrote an indignant letter to the Young Guard magazine (he wanted to borrow “How the Steel Was Tempered” from the library, but it turned out that there were 176 people in line for the book):

“Why do they do this to readers? Please reprint so that there is enough for everyone!”

8 years later, in the bitterest winter of 1942, in besieged Leningrad, “How the Steel Was Tempered” was republished on the initiative of the townspeople. The text is being typed in a dilapidated building. The circulation is printed by turning the machines by hand, since there is no electricity. And they sell 10 thousand copies in two hours.

Covers of the book “How the Steel Was Tempered”, published in Hungarian, German and Portuguese Photo: Collage AiF

Covers of the book How the Steel Was Tempered, published in Spanish, Vietnamese and Hindi. Photo: Collage AiF

This is the USSR. But here is the letter that Ostrovsky received from the state of Queensland (Australia):

“If it weren’t for the leg injury, I would have worked and saved money for a trip to see you, my favorite Russian writer.” And here is the news from the prison of the Bulgarian city of Stara Zagora: “After much ordeal, one copy of the book “How the Steel Was Tempered” was finally received. Two of us have already read it, and all 250 political prisoners are yet to read it... I am delighted with the book, and the comrade who is reading it now cannot tear himself away from it for a moment.”

Many foreign reviewers said that the book is not primitive propaganda, but a great literary event. The English edition of the Daily Worker publishes an obituary:

“The fact that Ostrovsky died so young is a loss not only for the USSR, but also for literature around the world.”

Let's say this is a newspaper of British communists. But here’s how the weekly Reynold’s Illustrated News responded to the lifetime edition of “How the Steel Was Tempered”:

“Ostrovsky is, in a certain sense, a genius.”

“Genius”, “innovator”, “pride and glory of a generation”, “a torch for many thousands of people”, “the personification of courage” - that’s all about him. And famous people talk about it. The authors of the last two definitions are Nobel laureate, writer Romain Rolland and poet, member of the Goncourt Academy Louis Aragon.

In his youth, Nikolai Ostrovsky suffered three typhus and dysentery. Then ankylosing spondylitis (inflammation of the joints and spine), glaucoma and blindness, heart damage, pulmonary fibrosis, kidney stones and regular pneumonia. Against this background, the following constantly happens:

“My gall bladder was ruptured by a stone, resulting in hemorrhage and bile poisoning. The doctors then unanimously said:

“Well, now amba!”

But they didn’t work out again, I scraped through, again messing up the medical axioms.”

This is what Ostrovsky wrote 4 months before his death. Of course, he was treated. But even treatment was often painful. So, in 1927, he was prescribed sulfur baths at the Goryachy Klyuch resort. The writer covered the distance from Krasnodar (which is 46 km) in 6 hours. During this time, he lost consciousness 11 times from pain. But he was silent.

Writer Nikolai Ostrovsky with his family on the day he was awarded the Order of Lenin. From left to right: the writer’s wife Raisa Porfiryevna, sister Ekaterina Alekseevna, niece Zina, brother Dmitry Alekseevich and mother Olga Osipovna. 1935 Photo: RIA Novosti/O. Kovalenko

Nine years of continuous suffering. “The patient’s large joints freeze first, and then the rest. He turns into a living statue - his limbs are in different positions, depending on how they were filled with the lava of the disease” - this is the most approximate description of how Ostrovsky lived.

Nikolai Ostrovsky received the apartment on Tverskaya, which became his last refuge, in 1935, along with the Order of Lenin. What happened before this, the writer himself can tell:

“I’m not a champion of pull. Let the grabbers come in and take over the apartments, it doesn’t make me feel hot. A fighter’s place is at the front, and not in the rear squabbles. The purpose of my life is literature. It’s better to live in a closet and write than to get an apartment.”

“His main trait was his love of truth. He was internally charged with the search for justice,” this is what the critic said about Ostrovsky Lev Anninsky. This is a very Russian trait. source

Jet Li:“My favorite hero is Pavka Korchagin. And, by the way, there is one great book that I read in my youth and which had a decisive influence on me - “How the Steel Was Tempered” by Nikolai Ostrovsky. As, indeed, is the main character - Pavel Korchagin.

This book, in fact, raised me as a person. And I still constantly re-read it, remember it, and, wherever I am - in the USA, in China, somewhere else in Asia - I always quote the words of Pavel:

“Don’t be afraid of any obstacles or twists and turns along your path, because steel can only be hardened this way.”

(September 16 (29), 1904, in the village of Viliya, Ostrog district, Volyn province - December 22, 1936, Moscow) - Soviet writer, author of the novel “How the Steel Was Tempered.”

Short biography.

Childhood and youth

Born on September 16, 1904 in the village of Viliya, Ostrog district, Volyn province of the Russian Empire (now Ostrog district, Rivne region of Ukraine) in the family of a non-commissioned officer and excise official Alexei Ivanovich Ostrovsky (1854-1936).

He was admitted to the parochial school ahead of schedule “due to his extraordinary abilities”; He graduated from school at the age of 9, in 1913, with a certificate of merit. Soon after this, the family moved to Shepetivka. There, Ostrovsky worked for hire since 1916: first in the kitchen of a station restaurant, then as a cup maker, a material warehouse worker, and a fireman's assistant at a power plant. At the same time he studied at a two-year school (from 1915 to 1917), and then at a higher elementary school (1917-1919). He became close to the local Bolsheviks, during the German occupation he participated in underground activities, and in March 1918 - July 1919 he was a liaison officer of the Shepetovsky Revolutionary Committee.

Military service and party work

On July 20, 1919 he joined the Komsomol. “Together with the Komsomol card we received a gun and two hundred cartridges”- Ostrovsky recalled.

On August 9, 1919, he went to the front as a volunteer. He fought in the cavalry brigade of G.I. Kotovsky and in the 1st Cavalry Army. In August 1920, he was seriously wounded in the back near Lvov (shrapnel) and demobilized. Participated in the fight against the insurgency in special forces units (CHON). According to some sources, in 1920-1921 he was an employee of the Cheka in Izyaslav.

In 1921, he worked as an assistant electrician in the Kyiv main workshops, studied at the electrical technical school, and at the same time was secretary of the Komsomol organization.

In 1922, he participated in the construction of a railway line to transport firewood to Kyiv, while he caught a bad cold and then fell ill with typhus. After recovery, he became the commissar of the Vsevobuch battalion in Berezdov (in the region bordering Poland).

He was secretary of the Komsomol district committee in Berezdovo and Izyaslav, then secretary of the Komsomol district committee in Shepetovka (1924). In the same year he joined the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

Illness and literary creativity

From 1927 until the end of his life, Ostrovsky was bedridden with an incurable disease. According to the official version, Ostrovsky’s health was affected by his injury and difficult working conditions. The final diagnosis was “progressive ankylosing polyarthritis, gradual ossification of the joints.”

In the fall of 1927, he began writing the autobiographical novel “The Tale of the Kotovites,” but six months later the manuscript was lost in transit.

After unsuccessful treatment in a sanatorium, Ostrovsky decided to settle in Sochi. In a letter to an old Communist acquaintance in November 1928, he described his "political organizational line":

“I’m immersed in the class struggle here. All around us here are the remnants of the whites and the bourgeoisie. Our house management was in the hands of the enemy - the son of a priest...” Despite the protests of the majority of residents, Ostrovsky, through local communists, ensured that the “son of a priest” was removed. “There was only one enemy left in the house, a bourgeois underdog, my neighbor... Then the fight began for the next house... After the “battle” we also conquered it... Here there is a class struggle - for kicking out strangers and enemies from the mansions...”

From the end of 1930, using a stencil he invented, he began to write a novel "As the Steel Was Tempered". Ostrovsky dictated the text of the book to voluntary secretaries for 989 days.

In April 1932, the magazine "Young Guard" began publishing Ostrovsky's novel; in November of the same year, the first part was published as a separate book, followed by the second part. The novel immediately gained great popularity in the USSR.

In 1935, Ostrovsky was awarded the Order of Lenin, he was allocated a house in Sochi and an apartment in Moscow on Gorky Street (now his house-museum).

In 1936, Ostrovsky was enlisted in the Political Directorate of the Red Army with the rank of brigade commissar.

Over the past few months he has been surrounded by universal honor, hosting readers and writers at home. Moskovsky Dead Lane (now Prechistensky), where he lived in 1930-1932, was renamed in his honor.

Essays:

1927 - “The Tale of the Kotovtsy” (novel, manuscript lost in transit)
1930-1934 - “How the steel was tempered”
1936 - “Born by the Storm”

How did I live my life? People often think about this question in adulthood. Each person chooses his own path in life. How can you get through it so that you don’t regret your actions later?

In works of fiction, many writers have thought about this problem. Thus, in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” the main character lives in complete inaction. Ilya Ilyich grew up in a family where he was constantly pitied and not allowed to work, which gave rise to lack of will and passivity in him. When Oblomov was young, he was preparing to serve his fatherland, be useful to society, and find family happiness. But the days passed, and the hero imagined his future only in his dreams. Now Ilya Ilyich no longer strives for change. He values peace, and lying on the sofa in a robe made of Persian fabric has become his usual way of life.

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Everything around him is in disrepair and neglect. Somewhere in the depths of his soul, he understands that he needs to change, but he is unable to overcome his laziness, and he does not have any life goals. Even Olga's love could not awaken Oblomov. He finds his happiness in the house of Agafya Pshenitsyna, who does not demand anything from him. In the end, Ilya Ilyich dies quietly and unnoticed. The novel introduces another hero - Andrei Stolts, Oblomov’s faithful friend, ready to help him in word and deed. He grew up in a family where he was required to be hardworking and independent from an early age. Stolz graduated from the university, served, resigned and went about his own business. He attributed the cause of every failure to himself, and work was the image and goal of his life. At the end of the novel we see his family well-being, he has money and his own home. Therefore, Andrei’s life was not in vain, which cannot be said about Oblomov’s aimless and meaningless existence.

Let us recall the work of A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The main character appears before us as still a young man, but already disillusioned with everything. He doesn't see the meaning of life in anything. Having fled to the village, Onegin meets the daughter of a local landowner, but does not accept her love, explaining that he is not created for a family. Indifference and indifference to one’s own life, passivity, and inner emptiness suppressed sincere feelings. This mistake doomed him to loneliness.

Thus, in order not to be excruciatingly painful for years spent aimlessly, a person must be useful to society and to himself. Of course, not everyone succeeds in making a great discovery or changing the world. But constant movement, the search for new experiences, the desire to do something - this is human life, and the lack of goals, idleness, laziness and idleness deprive it of all meaning.

Updated: 2017-12-01

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