Byzantine mosaic Byzantine mosaic -. Presentation for the MCC lesson "Byzantine mosaic" Presentation on the MCC on the topic Byzantine mosaic

What is "mosaic"?

• Mosaic is an image or pattern made from particles of homogeneous or different materials (stone, smalt, ceramic tiles, etc.), one of the main types of monumental and decorative art.

• This is the ancient art of composing some image or picture from small identical particles. As a rule, large paintings are made this way and are intended to be viewed from a great distance. In this case, the painting will be distinguished by irregularities, which seem to enliven the image, and the surface of the painting will appear velvety from a distance.

• Byzantine mosaic is primarily a mosaic made of smalt. It was the Byzantines who developed the technology for producing smalt, thanks to which this relatively economical and easy-to-handle glass became the main material in monumental painting.

• The history dates back to the third or fourth century AD. It is from this time that some of the most ancient examples of mosaics date back. Interestingly, this art was at its peak in the sixth and seventh centuries, and was then revived and constantly used throughout the period from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries.

• Mostly examples of this art represent scenes on a biblical theme, which is why many of them are located in various religious buildings.

• Smalt. Essentially, this material was glass, into which metal particles were added to give it certain shades. So with the addition of gold, the glass acquired a golden shine. It was this brilliance that prompted many masters to choose gold mosaics for the background of paintings.

• Copper and mercury were also added to the molten mass of smalt in different proportions. This is how the ancient masters ensured that the mosaic particles acquired the various shades necessary to create the composition.

• The Byzantines, using simple tools, gave mosaic elements elementary geometric shapes that were convenient for laying into a mosaic canvas. And yet, cubes became the main mosaic element.

• The main feature of the Byzantine style was the golden background, which is inherent in most paintings. Direct dialing is usually used as a typing technique.

• Another feature is the presence of clear contours of each object presented in the picture. If the picture is viewed from a great distance, then such contours will make the characters more visible against the golden shimmering background.

• The most famous Byzantine mosaics are those of Ravenna and images of Hagia Sophia (Constantinople).

• Byzantine mosaics became the main element of artistic decoration of cathedrals, tombs, and basilicas.

• Most of the techniques of Byzantine mosaic are also used in modern mosaic compositions. The use of smalt, the background formed by the irregularities of smalt cubes, the smooth contours of the boundaries of objects and the background - this is a classic of mosaic, a classic of Byzantium.

Byzantine mosaic

Prepared the presentation

Kaneva Tatyana Vasilievna

history teacher MBOU "Secondary School of the village" Petrun"

G. Inta, Komi Republic

• Mosaic- an image or pattern made from particles of homogeneous or different materials, one of the main types of monumental and decorative art.

The history dates back to the third or fourth century AD. It is from this time that some of the most ancient examples of mosaics date back.

• Interestingly, this art was at its peak in the sixth and seventh centuries, and was then revived and constantly used throughout the period from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries. Mostly examples of this art represent scenes on a biblical theme, which is why many of them are located in various religious buildings.

• Smalt.
• Essentially, this material was glass, into which metal particles were added to give it certain shades. So with the addition of gold, the glass acquired a golden shine. It was this brilliance that prompted many masters to choose gold mosaics for the background of paintings.

The Byzantines, using simple tools, gave mosaic elements elementary geometric shapes that were convenient for laying into a mosaic canvas. And yet, cubes became the main mosaic element.

Copper and mercury were also added to the molten mass of smalt in different proportions. This is how the ancient masters ensured that the mosaic particles acquired the various shades necessary to create the composition.

• Byzantine mosaic is primarily a mosaic made of smalt. It was the Byzantines who developed the technology for producing smalt, thanks to which this relatively economical and easy-to-handle glass became the main material in monumental painting.

• The main feature of the Byzantine style was the golden background, which is inherent in most paintings. Direct dialing is usually used as a typing technique.

Another feature is the presence of clear contours of each object presented in the picture. If the picture is viewed from a great distance, then such contours will make the characters more visible against the golden shimmering background.

• The use of smalt, the background formed by the irregularities of smalt cubes, the smooth contours of the boundaries of objects and the background - this is a classic of mosaic, a classic of Byzantium

The most famous Byzantine mosaics are those of Ravenna and images of Hagia Sophia (Constantinople).

• Byzantine mosaics became the main element of artistic decoration of cathedrals, tombs, and basilicas.

Mosaic in modern times

Most of the techniques of Byzantine mosaic are also used in modern mosaic compositions.

Mosaic in modern times

Byzantine mosaic remains

one of the main types of artistic and decorative art of our time.

The flowering of Byzantine art that followed the era of iconoclasm is usually conventionally called the “Macedonian Renaissance,” after the name of the dynasty that reigned during these years. The flowering of Byzantine art that followed the era of iconoclasm is usually conventionally called the “Macedonian Renaissance,” after the name of the dynasty that reigned during these years.

By adding various metals (gold, copper, mercury) in various proportions to the raw glass melt, the Byzantines learned to produce several hundred different colors of smalt, and with the help of simple tools, mosaic elements could be given elementary geometric shapes, convenient for laying in a mosaic canvas. By adding various metals (gold, copper, mercury) in various proportions to the raw glass melt, the Byzantines learned to produce several hundred different colors of smalt, and with the help of simple tools, mosaic elements could be given elementary geometric shapes, convenient for laying in a mosaic canvas.

The most ancient surviving examples of Byzantine mosaics date back to the 3rd-4th centuries, and two heydays occurred in the 6th-7th centuries (Golden Age) and 9th-14th centuries (after iconoclasm - the Macedonian revival, Komnin conservatism and the Palaiologan renaissance). The most ancient surviving examples of Byzantine mosaics date back to the 3rd-4th centuries, and two heydays occurred in the 6th-7th centuries (Golden Age) and 9th-14th centuries (after iconoclasm - the Macedonian revival, Komnin conservatism and the Palaiologan renaissance).

Byzantine mosaic became the main element of artistic decoration of cathedrals, tombs, basilicas and visual tasks came to the fore. Christian stories became the central theme of mosaics, the desire to achieve the maximum impression from the image became the driving force behind improving the technique of laying mosaics and developing new colors and smalt compositions. Byzantine mosaic became the main element of artistic decoration of cathedrals, tombs, basilicas and visual tasks came to the fore. Christian stories became the central theme of mosaics, the desire to achieve the maximum impression from the image became the driving force behind improving the technique of laying mosaics and developing new colors and smalt compositions.

A feature of Byzantine mosaics in churches was the use of an amazing golden background. The mosaics were laid using the direct set method, and each element in the installation was distinguished by its unique surface and its position relative to other elements and the base. A single and seemingly living golden field was created, flickering both in natural light and when illuminated by candles. The unique play of color shades and light reflections on a golden background created the effect of movement of the entire picture. A feature of Byzantine mosaics in churches was the use of an amazing golden background. The mosaics were laid using the direct set method, and each element in the installation was distinguished by its unique surface and its position relative to other elements and the base. A single and seemingly living golden field was created, flickering both in natural light and when illuminated by candles. The unique play of color shades and light reflections on a golden background created the effect of movement of the entire picture.

The technique of making the contours of bodies, objects, objects became mandatory for Byzantine masters. The outline was laid out in one row of cubes and elements on the side of the figure or object, and also in one row on the background side. The straight line of such contours gave clarity to the images against the flickering background. The technique of making the contours of bodies, objects, objects became mandatory for Byzantine masters. The outline was laid out in one row of cubes and elements on the side of the figure or object, and also in one row on the background side. The straight line of such contours gave clarity to the images against the flickering background.

Byzantine mosaics are monumental paintings. Hence the scale of the images and the monumentality of the compositions and the nature of the masonry. Byzantine masonry, with its velvety and lively unevenness, is designed to be perceived from a great distance. While Roman mosaics solved secular problems, decorating smaller rooms, private villas or public buildings were mostly intimate in nature. Byzantine mosaics are monumental paintings. Hence the scale of the images and the monumentality of the compositions and the nature of the masonry. Byzantine masonry, with its velvety and lively unevenness, is designed to be perceived from a great distance. While Roman mosaics solved secular problems, decorating smaller rooms, private villas or public buildings were mostly intimate in nature.

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Slide captions:

Prepared by: Anna Batyrgareeva and Maria Ovsyannikova

This is the ancient art of composing some image or picture from small identical particles. As a rule, large paintings are made this way and are intended to be viewed from a great distance. In this case, the painting will be distinguished by irregularities, which seem to enliven the image, and the surface of the painting will appear velvety from a distance.

The main feature of the Byzantine style was the golden background, which is inherent in most paintings. Direct dialing is usually used as a typing technique.

Another feature is the presence of clear contours of each object presented in the picture. If the picture is viewed from a great distance, then such contours will make the characters more visible against the golden shimmering background.

Most of the techniques of Byzantine mosaic are also used in modern mosaic compositions. The use of smalt, the background formed by the irregularities of smalt cubes, the smooth contours of the boundaries of objects and the background - this is a classic of mosaic, a classic of Byzantium.

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