The meaning of Lev Ivanovich Polivanov in a brief biographical encyclopedia. Unforgettable teacher. Director of the gymnasium Lev Ivanovich Polivanov (1839–1899) Polivanov Lev

(born in 1838) - teacher, director of a private gymnasium in Moscow. He completed a course at Moscow University in the Faculty of History and Philology. Wrote: “Zhukovsky and his works” (under the pseudonym Zagorina, 2nd ed. 1883); published the works of A. S. Pushkin with detailed comments and a number of textbooks and manuals on the Russian language and literature; published many articles on pedagogy and didactics in periodicals; translated "Athalia" by Racine and "The Misanthrope" by Moliere: wrote the preface and notes to the collection of articles by M. N. Katkov, published under the title "Our School Reform"
(addition to article)
- teacher; died 1899

View value Polivanov, Lev Ivanovich in other dictionaries

Lion- m. lioness f. a predatory beast of hot Africa and Asia, a genus of cats, called the king of beasts, Felis leo. does not crush mice. sleeps, but sees (looks) with one eye, belief. | , fifth sign of the ecliptic........
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Lion- leva, m. (Bulgarian lev). Monetary unit in Bulgaria. We paid two leva.
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Abramovich Lev Khaimovich.- (? - ?). Social Democrat. In December 1922 he was in Taganskaya prison in Moscow. Sentenced to 2 years of exile in Kyrgyzstan, where he arrived in January 1923. In January 1926 he was on the lists........
Political dictionary

Averin Alexander Ivanovich- (approx. 1884 - ?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1915. 4th year law student. At the end of 1921 he lived in Biysk, Altai province, worked as the head of the extracurricular department of the Biysk Education Department.........
Political dictionary

Adov Sergey Ivanovich— (1901 - ?). Anarchist. Student. Arrested in Petrograd on April 10, 1924. In June 1924 he was sentenced to 3 years in the camps; from the end of June 1924 he was kept in the Solovetsky camp special purpose. In 1927........
Political dictionary

Adodin Averky Ivanovich— (1889 - ?). Socialist revolutionary maximalist. Member of the SSRM. since 1906. In the same year he was arrested. Arrested in Voronezh on October 1, 1921. From 10/17/1921 he was kept in Butyrka prison (Moscow).........
Political dictionary

Akatiev Timofey Ivanovich- (? - ?). Socialist revolutionary. Worker. Member of the AKP since 1910. Low education. At the end of 1921 he worked at the railway depot of Ufa station. Characterized by local security officers........
Political dictionary

Alekhin Yakov Ivanovich- (approx. 1888 - ?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1912. Higher education. At the end of 1921 he lived in Voronezh province and worked as an agronomist. Local security officers characterized him as a “Chernivets”........
Political dictionary

Altman Lev- (? - ?). Member of the Hitahadut Party. Arrested in Odessa on the night of September 2, 1924. I received a replacement link for deportation to Palestine. In 1929 he lived in the USA. Further fate unknown.
S.Ch.
Political dictionary

Amosov Nikolay Ivanovich- (1875, Vyatka - ?). Member of the PLSR since 1917. At the end of 1921 he lived in the village of Bori, Vasilievsk volost, Nolinsky district, Vyatka province. He was in charge of the library. Characterized by local security officers........
Political dictionary

Andin Semyon Ivanovich- (? - ?). Anarchist. In 1919-22 in Moscow, he collaborated in the magazine of the All-Russian Federation of Anarchist-Communists "Free Life". From 1921 he worked at the P. A. Kropotkin Museum. 24.4.1925 arrested........
Political dictionary

Andreev Pavel Ivanovich— (1881 - ?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1910. Had no property. Higher education. At the end of 1921 he lived in Biysk, Altai province, worked as the head of the laboratory of Biysk........
Political dictionary

Anisimov Viktor Ivanovich- (November 24, 1875, Kologriv, Kostroma province, according to other sources, November 3, 1875, St. Petersburg, - May 2, 1920, the village of Beloomut, Zaraisk district, Ryazan province). Son of a zemstvo statistician.........
Political dictionary

Anokhin Vasily Ivanovich (party nickname - Tungus)— (1879 - until 1937, Tula). Social Democrat. Member of the RSDLP since the 1900s. Worker (turner at the Tula Arms Plant). Arrested in August 1922 in Tula in connection with the Social-Democratic case. 1.6.1923 received 3 years of exile,........
Political dictionary

Antipin Konstantin Ivanovich- (approx. 1897 - ?). Socialist revolutionary. Worker. Member of the AKP since 1914. Literate. At the end of 1921 he lived in Voronezh province. (Voronezh?), worked as a turner at a factory. Characterized by local security officers........
Political dictionary

Arkhipov Nikolay Ivanovich- (1891, Vologda province - ?). Anarchist (former Bolshevik). From peasants. Low education. Sailor of the Baltic Fleet, engine foreman of the battleship Petropavlovsk. Excluded in 1920.......
Political dictionary

Astafiev Mikhail Ivanovich- (approx. 1894 - ?). Social Democrat. Worker. Low education. Member of the RSDLP since 1908. At the end of 1921 he lived in Ufa province, worked as an assistant driver. Characterized by local security officers........
Political dictionary

Astrov Nikolay Ivanovich— (1868, Moscow, – August 12, 1934, Prague). From a doctor's family. Graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University (1892). Since the 1890s worked in the Moscow city government,........
Political dictionary

Atamanovsky Vitold Ivanovich- (approx. 1877 - ?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1918. Had no property. Secondary education. At the end of 1921 he lived in Altai province, worked as an instructor in education. Local........
Political dictionary

Afonin Nikita Ivanovich- (approx. 1881 - ?). Social Democrat. Employee. Member of the RSDLP since 1905. At the end of 1921 he lived in Moscow, worked as the head of a special department of the Glavproarm (?). Characterized by local security officers........
Political dictionary

Akhmatov Ivan Ivanovich— (12/19/1886, Tula - 5/8/1939). Member of the RSDLP since 1905, since 1927 - communist. Higher education. Member of the Constituent Assembly of the Far Eastern Republic. At the end of 1921 he lived in the Irkutsk province. Characterized by local security officers........
Political dictionary

Akhtyrsky Konstantin Ivanovich- (? - ?). Anarchist. In 1923 he was kept in Butyrskaya and Taganskaya prisons (Moscow). From June 1923 in the Arkhangelsk concentration camp. Further fate is unknown. NIPC "Memorial".
Political dictionary

Batura Alexander Ivanovich- (? - ?). Anarchist. He served his sentence in the Solovetsky special purpose camp, then was exiled to Siberia for 3 years. By the end of 1930 he was released, received a "minus 6", settled in Dnepropetrovsk.........
Political dictionary

Batkhan Lev Iosifovich— (1902, Mogilev province - ?). Social Democrat. Member of the Odessa youth organization of the RSDLP. Arrested in March 1924 by the Odessa provincial department of the GPU. By resolution of the Special Meeting........
Political dictionary

Beigman Lev Borisovich (labor Bentsianovich)- (? - ?). Member of the Zionist Socialist Party and the National-Class (Left) He-Halutz. Arrested in Odessa on September 2, 1924 and sentenced to exile. In November 1925, in exile in Turinsk.........
Political dictionary

Belikov Alexander Ivanovich- (approx. 1883 - ?). Socialist revolutionary. Member of the AKP since 1903. Agronomist. Secondary education. At the end of 1921 he lived in Vladimir and worked in Gubleskom. Characterized by local security officers........
Political dictionary

Belozersky Konstantin Ivanovich- (approx. 1882 - ?). Social Democrat. Higher education. Member of the RSDLP. He served in the army of Admiral A.V. Kolchak (rose to the rank of lieutenant). At the end of 1921 he lived in Irkutsk province, worked......
Political dictionary

Belchenko Ivan Ivanovich- (approx. 1885 - ?). Social Democrat. Locksmith. Low education. Member of the RSDLP since 1903. At the end of 1921 he lived in Kaluga, worked in the Kaluga station depot. Characterized by local security officers........
Political dictionary

Birman Lev Iosifovich- (? - ?). Member of the National-Class (Left) "Ha-Shomer Ha-Tzaira". In 1927 he was kept in the Ekaterinoslav dorm. He was sentenced to exile in Kazakhstan. Received permission to emigrate.........
Political dictionary

Blumin Lev Lazarevich- (? - ?). Anarchist. Arrested, served 3 years in the Solovetsky special purpose camp, then sentenced to 3 years of exile. By the end of 1930 he was in exile in the Urals, seriously ill. Further........
Political dictionary

Genrikh Afanasyevich left this mortal coil on December 3, 1900, leaving to his children and companions a factory generating up to two million rubles in annual income. His unique collection The widow turned paintings, porcelain, bronze, furniture, and old books into a permanent Moscow museum. Not only the foreign and democratic press published obituaries about him, but even conservatives, who disliked everything foreign, regretted the death of the enterprising Frenchman on the pages of newspapers.

“Yesterday in France in Cannes the funeral of Muscovite G. A. Brocard took place,” wrote a reporter from Moskovsky Listok. - I use the word “Muscovite” not without intention. A Frenchman by birth, a newcomer to Moscow, the late Brocard was nevertheless a Muscovite... This man, who enjoyed wide and good popularity in Moscow, had three main qualities: a strong industrial mind, a sincere love for art and a living kindness of soul.”

Unforgettable teacher. Director of the gymnasium Lev Ivanovich Polivanov (1839–1899)

We learn about the past mainly from books and archival documents. We judge people past centuries according to their letters, memoirs of contemporaries. And also - on business. More than others, we understand writers who have reflected the depths of their souls in prose and poetry. Inner world We feel less, if at all, representatives of other professions. Alas, a dry list of their deeds, even if they are grandiose, such as the discovery of a new substance or the construction of a grandiose plant, is not able to recreate the image of a person. But you can’t write about writers alone! (Flattering biographies statesmen doesn’t count here, they are, as a rule, legendary and similar to one another, like two peas in a pod.) Let’s try to draw a portrait of a representative of a modest, but exceptional important profession- teacher.

If we list the literary works of Lev Ivanovich Polivanov, we will get a fair number of works, but quite common for an intellectual. half of the 19th century century list. Readers for public schools, “A Beginning Book for Teaching the Russian Language,” textbooks “Russian and Church Slavonic Etymology,” “Russian Syntax,” works by A. S. Pushkin in five volumes commented for high school students, also commented publications by Derzhavin, Karamzin, and Russians epics, biography of V. A. Zhukovsky, critical analysis poetry book Ya. P. Polonsky, translations of Racine and Moliere, pedagogical articles in magazines and collections. Judging by these works, we see a type of extraordinary worker in the field of public education. But Polivanov was not a type, but a peculiar, unique personality.

Throughout Moscow, for almost half a century since the 1870s, when people talked about education, the words never left their lips: Polivanovskaya Gymnasium. Here, in Pegov’s house on the corner of Prechistenka and Maly Levshinsky Lane, Metropolitan Trifon (Prince Boris Turkestanov) and the poet Valery Bryusov, mathematician Count Mikhail Olsufiev and philosopher Lev Lopatin, world chess champion Alexander Alekhine and three sons of Leo Tolstoy studied...

“Polivanovskaya gymnasium,” said its pupil, writer Andrei Bely, “I consider, without any illusions, the best Moscow gymnasium of its time.”

Another Polivanovite, philosopher and poet Vladimir Solovyov, argued that the laurels of the gymnasium were acquired by its director: “He invested in his school living soul, raised and maintained this school above the usual formality and knew how to ignite in his students sparks of the fire that burned within himself.”

Life path Such a beloved teacher does not shine with either eccentric actions or legendary incidents. He was born on February 27, 1838 in the family of artillery lieutenant Ivan Gavrilovich Polivanov in the village of Zagarin, Nizhny Novgorod province. In 1844, after the death of their mother, the family moved to Moscow. Here future teacher Graduated from the Fourth Gymnasium and the Faculty of History and Philosophy of Moscow University. Since 1861, he taught Russian literature at the women's Mariinsky-Ermolovsky School and in the 1st Cadet Corps, and since 1864 - at the Third and Fourth Gymnasiums. In 1868, together with other employees, he opened a private gymnasium and managed it until his death, which came on February 11, 1899. Was a member of the Society of Amateurs Russian literature, Psychological Society, Literacy Committee of the Moscow Society agriculture, Moscow Circle of Teachers of Ancient Languages, Orthodox Brotherhood in the Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

In Russia, especially in St. Petersburg, there are several thousand officials with much more vivid biographies and an impressive number of titles. But they are talked about only among colleagues. Polivanova was known and loved by all of Moscow. Parents, sending their children to his gymnasium, believed that upbringing there would go hand in hand with family education, that while observing the general gymnasium program, every effort would be made to instill in the pupil a desire for meaningful work.

In Polivanovka we studied the same things as everywhere else: the Law of God, Russian literature, French, German, Latin and Greek languages(the latter is optional for those who have not prepared for university), mathematics, physics, history, geography, natural history, drawing, penmanship, drawing, choral singing, gymnastics. But…

Lion, Lion is coming! - the excited high school student, dressed, like everyone else, in a black blouse with a leather belt, warns his comrades.

The lion does not enter - he flies into the classroom. With a gray mane of hair falling over his shoulders, tall and stooped, in a short jacket, with very long hands, always in motion, if not clasped behind his back. He sat down... Or rather, he lounged in his chair, not at all like a teacher, his eyes flashed and a lively, fascinating speech flowed out. His excitement, his passion were conveyed to the students; they do not even notice that the bell rang for the end of the lesson.

Lion, Lion is coming! - is heard in another class.

Leo reads an excerpt from the book by S. T. Aksakov: “The swan, due to its size, strength, beauty and majestic posture, has long been rightly called the king of all aquatic or waterfowl. White as snow, with shiny transparent small eyes, with a black nose and black paws, with a long, flexible and beautiful neck, he is inexpressibly beautiful when he calmly swims between the green reeds on the dark blue smooth surface of the water.”

Now, strictly following Aksakov’s form, describe the horse. This way you will be able to understand the writer’s style and be in his shoes yourself.

Third grade student Ermolov diligently writes line by line: “The horse, for its beauty, strength, intelligence, endurance and services, has long and rightly become man’s favorite among all animals. Light as the wind, with intelligent, expressive eyes, a long and flexible neck, with thin legs, with a lush mane - she is inexpressibly beautiful when she runs free.”

Leo knew how to intuitively instill in his pupils the confidence that it was impossible not to fulfill his demands. And if a teacher can do this, he is omnipotent in the classroom.

But it's not enough for him cool lessons, he hardly sleeps, takes on a lot and always brings the job to the end.

For ten years Polivanov led the Shakespeare Circle, the vast majority of whose participants were his graduates. On the stage of the Nemchinovsky Theater they staged sixteen plays by the English genius and always performed in a packed hall. At the premiere of “Henry IV” there were two Ivans, Turgenev and Aksakov, who had seen many first-class artists in their lifetime, but they, without lying, called the production first-class.

In 1880, Polivanov carried out a tremendous amount of work organizing festivities to mark the opening of the Pushkin monument on Tverskoy Boulevard and creating a unique Pushkin exhibition.

He always wanted to help someone. Aspiring writers, provincial artists and, of course, graduates of the Polivanovskaya gymnasium turned to him. Having met, they always remembered their Leo:

The ideal Russian man.

Amazing artistic flair.

He was friends with both the princes and the timpani player Bolshoi Theater, and with my father’s former orderly.

We learn about the past mainly from books and archival documents. We judge people of past centuries by their letters and memoirs of contemporaries. And also - on business. More than others, we understand writers who have reflected the depths of their souls in prose and poetry. We feel the inner world of representatives of other professions less, if at all. Alas, a dry list of their deeds, even if they are grandiose, such as the discovery of a new substance or the construction of a grandiose plant, is not able to recreate the image of a person. But you can’t write about writers alone! (Flattering biographies of statesmen do not count here; they, as a rule, are legendary and similar to one another, like two peas in a pod.) Let's try to draw a portrait of a representative of a modest, but extremely important profession - a teacher.

If you list the literary works of Lev Ivanovich Polivanov, you will get a hefty list, but quite common for an intellectual of the second half of the 19th century. Readers for public schools, “A Beginning Book for Teaching the Russian Language,” textbooks “Russian and Church Slavonic Etymology,” “Russian Syntax,” the works of A. S. Pushkin in five volumes commented for high school students, also commented publications by Derzhavin, Karamzin, and Russians epics, biography of V. A. Zhukovsky, critical analysis of the poetic book of Y. P. Polonsky, translations of Racine and Moliere, pedagogical articles in magazines and collections. Judging by these works, we see a type of extraordinary worker in the field of public education. But Polivanov was not a type, but a peculiar, unique personality.

“Polivanovskaya gymnasium,” said its pupil, writer Andrei Bely, “I consider, without any illusions, the best Moscow gymnasium of its time.”

Another Polivanovite, philosopher and poet Vladimir Solovyov, argued that the laurels of the gymnasium were won by its director: “He put a living soul into his school, raised and maintained this school above the usual formality and knew how to ignite in his students the sparks of the fire that burned in himself "

The life path of such an adored teacher does not shine with either eccentric actions or legendary incidents. He was born on February 27, 1838 in the family of artillery lieutenant Ivan Gavrilovich Polivanov in the village of Zagarin, Nizhny Novgorod province. In 1844, after the death of their mother, the family moved to Moscow. Here the future teacher graduated from the Fourth Gymnasium and the Faculty of History and Philosophy of Moscow University. Since 1861, he taught Russian literature at the women's Mariinsky-Ermolovsky School and in the 1st Cadet Corps, and since 1864 - at the Third and Fourth Gymnasiums. In 1868, together with other employees, he opened a private gymnasium and managed it until his death, which came on February 11, 1899. He was a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, the Psychological Society, the Literacy Committee of the Moscow Society of Agriculture, the Moscow Circle of Teachers of Ancient Languages, and the Orthodox Brotherhood in the Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

In Russia, especially in St. Petersburg, there are several thousand officials with much more colorful biographies and an impressive number of titles. But they are talked about only among colleagues. Polivanova was known and loved by all of Moscow. Parents, sending their children to his gymnasium, believed that upbringing there would go hand in hand with family education, that while observing the general gymnasium program, every effort would be made to instill in the pupil a desire for meaningful work.

In Polivanovka we studied the same things as everywhere else: the Law of God, Russian literature, French, German, Latin and Greek (the latter is optional for those who did not prepare for university), mathematics, physics, history, geography, natural history, drawing, penmanship, drawing, choral singing, gymnastics. But…

Lion, Lion is coming! - the excited high school student, dressed, like everyone else, in a black blouse with a leather belt, warns his comrades.

Lion, Lion is coming! - is heard in another class.

Now, strictly following Aksakov’s form, describe the horse. This way you will be able to understand the writer’s style and be in his shoes yourself.

Third grade student Ermolov diligently writes line by line: “The horse, for its beauty, strength, intelligence, endurance and services, has long and rightly become man’s favorite among all animals. Light as the wind, with intelligent, expressive eyes, a long and flexible neck, thin legs, a lush mane - she is inexpressibly beautiful when she runs free.”

Leo knew how to intuitively instill in his pupils the confidence that it was impossible not to fulfill his demands. And if a teacher can do this, he is omnipotent in the classroom.

But he doesn’t have enough cool lessons, he hardly sleeps, he takes on a lot and always brings the job to the end.

In 1880, Polivanov carried out a tremendous amount of work organizing festivities to mark the opening of the Pushkin monument on Tverskoy Boulevard and creating a unique Pushkin exhibition.

He always wanted to help someone. Aspiring writers, provincial artists and, of course, graduates of the Polivanovskaya gymnasium turned to him. Having met, they always remembered their Leo:

The ideal Russian man.

Amazing artistic flair.

He was friends with the princes, and with the timpanist of the Bolshoi Theater, and with his father’s former orderly.

He brutally attacked anyone for the slightest, most insignificant falsehood.

He knew how to motivate every person to get involved, to make them do at least a little good for the common good.

Having taken up the task, he devoted himself entirely to it.

He was impeccably conscientious in everything.

Spiritual aristocracy and broad enlightenment were surprisingly combined in one person.

He often hurt the pride of teenagers, but never insulted their sense of dignity.

He should be called a romantic in the ancient and good value this word.

He was a teacher-artist and a teacher-thinker.

Moscow was orphaned, they sighed, burying him at the Novodevichy cemetery.

But Polivanov continued to live in the affairs of his students, who proudly called themselves Polivanovites to their graves.

...In 1925, Andrei Bely met the artist Luzhsky while visiting Boris Pilnyak.

Are you a Polivanovite? - Luzhsky asked Andrei Bely.

Yes! - he answered proudly.

I also studied with Lev at one time.

And the conversation turned to our beloved unforgettable teacher...

Teacher, director of a private (Polivanovskaya) gymnasium in Moscow (founded it in 1868), since 1876 a full member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, in 1880 chairman of the commission for the opening of the monument to A.S. Pushkin in Moscow. “Album of the Pushkin Exhibition” was published under the editorship of Polivanov (M., 1882; 2nd ed. M., 1887). Polivanov's assistant for the opening of the monument to A.S. Pushkin A.M. Slivitsky recalls him: “He was such a light in my life - this man - of a highly original mind, strong will, selfless honesty, deep observation, broad education combined with an amazing artistic flair, and to all this with a heart gentle, responsive and receptive, like a child<...>. With his purely Russian simplicity in all life’s relationships, he made a charming impression on me...”

Polivanov received his initial training in the village under the guidance of his mother. In 1844 the family moved to Moscow. Polivanov studied at the 1st and 4th Moscow gymnasiums, and from 1856 at Moscow University at the Faculty of History, Philology. Polivanov began his teaching career at the women's Mariinsky-Ermolovsky School as a teacher of Russian literature. Polivanov is the author of a number of educational manuals and manuals on the Russian language and literature: “A basic book for teaching the Russian language”; "First Bee"; “Second Bee”; "Russian Reader"; “A short textbook of Russian grammar”; “Russian and Church Slavic etymology”; "Russian Syn-taxis"; “Zhukovsky and his works”; “Writings of A.S. Pushkin" and others.

Pupil of the Polivanovskaya gymnasium Vl.S. Soloviev wrote about Polivanov: “Polivanov was the incarnate spiritual movement, non-stop vibration of the mind and heart.”

Dostoevsky spoke about his meetings in Moscow with Polivanov during the Pushkin celebrations in letters to his wife A.G. Dostoevskaya: “There were 4 professors of the University, one director of the gymnasium, Polivanov (a friend of the Pushkin family)<...>. Polivanov (who was on the commission for the opening of the monument), Yuriev and Aksakov announced out loud that all of Moscow was taking tickets to meetings and everyone taking tickets (to meetings of the Love<ителей>r<оссийской>literature") take-rut, asking (and sending several times to inquire): will Dostoevsky read!"; "Then I went to Polivanov (the secretary of the Society, the director of the gymnasium). Polivanov explained to me all the steps in the Duma and tickets and sent me young man help me. He introduced me to the family, a whole group of teachers and gymnasium students came together and we went (in the same building) to look at things and portraits of Pushkin, which are still kept in this gymnasium”; “Then, right from lunch, we went to the general meeting of the “Amateurs” commission to organize the final program of morning meetings and evening festivities. There were Turgenev, Kovalevsky, Chaev, Grot, Bartenev, Yuryev, Polivanov, Kalachev and others.”