Mile in kilometers land calculation. What is a nautical mile and what is a knot equal to?

Or adventures, in films about desperate sailors, in articles on geographical topic and the term “nautical mile” often slips into conversation between sailors. The time has come to figure out what length is equal to in shipping, and why sailors do not use the kilometers we are accustomed to.

What is 1 nautical mile?

Initially, this value corresponded to the length of 1/60 degree of the arc of a circle on the surface of the Earth with the center coinciding with the center of the planet. In other words, if we consider any meridian, then a nautical mile will be approximately equal to the length of one minute of latitude. Since it differs somewhat from the outline of an ideal sphere, the length of 1 minute of a degree of the meridian in question may differ slightly depending on latitude. This distance is greatest at the poles - 1861.6 m, and least at the equator - 1842.9 m. To avoid confusion, it was proposed to unify the length of the nautical mile. The length taken as a basis was 1 minute of degree at 45º latitude (1852.2 m). This definition led to the fact that the nautical mile became convenient for calculating navigation problems. For example, if you need to measure a distance of 20 miles on a map, then it will be enough to measure 20 arc minutes with a compass on any meridian marked on the map.

Beginning in 1954, the United States began using the international nautical mile (1852 m). In practice, it is often rounded to 1800 meters. An official designation for this unit was never adopted. Sometimes the abbreviation "nmi", "nm" or "NM" is used. By the way, “nm” is the generally accepted designation for nanometer. 1/10 international nautical mile = 1 cable = 185.2 meters. And 3 miles are equal to 1 nautical league. In the past, the UK often used its own nautical mile, equal to 1853.184 m. In 1929, an international conference was held in Monaco on various issues of hydrography, at which the length of the nautical mile was determined to be 1852.00 meters. Do not forget that a mile can be not only sea, but also land. In this case, its length is 1.151 times less than sea length.

What is the relationship between a nautical mile and a knot?

The nautical mile, or, as it is sometimes called, geographical or navigational, has become widespread in geography, aviation and navigation. Closely related to it is the concept of a sea knot, used in shipping as the basic unit of speed. One knot is equal to one mile traveled per hour of the ship's movement. The name “knot” is due to the fact that in the old days a log was used on ships to measure speed. It was a log or board in the shape of a triangle to which a load was tied. A line (rope) was attached to this, on which knots were tied at a certain distance. The log was thrown overboard, after which, over a selected period of time (from 15 seconds to 1 minute), the number of knots that went into the water was counted.

There are different versions regarding the distance between nodes. Some believe that it was 25 feet and if one knot left in 15 seconds, the result was one nautical mile (100 feet/min). According to the second version, the knots were tied in 47 feet and 3 inches (14.4018 m), and the countdown took 28 seconds. In this case, one knot showed a speed of 101.25 ft/min.

We hope that now you will not have difficulty understanding maritime terminology, and miles with knots will become as understandable as regular kilometers.

Very often in English and American literature You can come across not entirely clear metric units such as miles, feet, yards, inches - especially if the translator is too lazy to convert them into meters and kilograms that are convenient for our perception.

A mile (from the Latin milia passuum - a thousand double Roman steps) is a travel measure for measuring distance.

1 mile = 1.609344 kilometers

The mile was used in a number of countries in antiquity, as well as in many modern countries before the introduction of the metric system. In countries with a non-metric system of measures, the mile is still used today. The size of the mile varies in different countries and ranges from 0.58 km (Egypt) to 11.2 km (Old Bohemian mile).

• Ancient Roman (milliatrium): 1 mile = 1,598 km (according to other sources 1,480 km)
• Starorusskaya: 1 mile = 7 versts = 7.4676 km
• British and American: 1 mile = 8 furlongs = 1.6093 km
• Geographical (German): 1 mile = 1/15° equator = 7.420 km

Nautical mile- a unit of measurement of distance used in navigation and aviation.

The nautical mile was originally defined as the length of an arc great circle on the surface globe one arc minute in size. Thus, a move of one nautical mile along the meridian roughly corresponds to a change geographical coordinates by one minute of latitude.

By modern definition, an international nautical mile is equal to 1852 meters (exactly).

International nautical mile = 10 cables

UK nautical mile = 1853.184 meters (before 1970).

The French had at least two miles - land and sea, and their dimensions were derived as part of the length of the arc of the earth's meridian. How many kilometers are in a land mile was calculated from 1/25° of the earth's meridian, and this is 4444.4 meters, that is, almost 4.5 kilometers, similar to a nautical mile, 1/20° of the earth's meridian, and this is 5.555 km.

A milliatrium, also known as an ancient Roman mile, is equal to 1.482 km. The Old Russian mile was equal to seven versts, and now it is almost 7.5 kilometers, approximately the same value - 7420 meters is the German one mile. How many kilometers the Swedes and Norwegians equate to one mile are 10.668 km and 11.298 km, respectively. True, after the adoption of the law on metric measures, both countries equated a mile to ten kilometers exactly.

How many kilometers are there in a mile now?

Nowadays there is a concept of two miles - nautical And land.

A nautical mile is equal to 1862 meters, an American land mile is equal to 1.609344 kilometers.

To calculate how many kilometers are in a mile, for an approximate value, simply multiply the number in miles by 1.6. That is, approximately 1609 meters. A nautical mile is also longer than a land mile and includes approximately 1,852 kilometers or 1,852 meters.

So, a car speed of 40 miles per hour will be approximately equal to metric 65 kilometers per hour.

1 mile is equal to:

• 1.609344 km;
• 1609.344 m;
• 16093.44 dm;
• 1609344000 µm;
• 63360 inch;
• 1609344 mm;
• 160934.4 cm;
• 5280 ft;
• 1760 yd;

mile

This measure of length came to us from antiquity and has many varieties and, as a result, meanings - from 580 meters in an Egyptian mile to more than 11 kilometers in a Norwegian mile. However, in the vast majority of cases, a mile is understood as a British (or American) mile - 1609 meters 34 centimeters. So if in a text or movie you come across a mention of length in miles, and you need to roughly estimate how much it will be in kilometers, feel free to multiply by 1.5. However, it is also necessary to distinguish between the nautical mile, which is used in navigation and aviation - it is slightly longer and amounts to 1852 meters.

Inch

According to legend, the length of the upper phalanx was taken as the basis for the inch thumb. Of course, fingers are different, and therefore the generally accepted value is 2.54 centimeters. So if now your child asks how tall Thumbelina was in Andersen’s fairy tale, you can answer with accuracy.

Foot

Since a foot is 12 inches, the value is quite easy to calculate: 30.48 centimeters. Thus, if you come across a value in feet, but you are more accustomed to thinking about it in meters, then simply divide it by three. Thus, the ancient maritime wish “fair wind and seven feet under the keel” meant that 2 meters 10 centimeters should be enough to prevent the ship from hitting the ground.

Yard

That's three feet, or 91.44 centimeters. Since a yard is only slightly short of a meter, then if you don’t need high precision, you don’t even have to translate this metric unit. And the title famous comedy with Bruce Willis, “The Whole Nine Yards” no longer seems like an incomprehensible set of letters. (However, in fairness, we note that the name is a phraseological unit and is translated as “all to the end, without a trace”).

Acre

A word that is often used in crossword puzzles and is the answer to the question " English measure square." Indeed, by an acre, the ancient English meant a piece of land that a pair of oxen cultivated in a day. Equal to an acre exactly 4046.86 square meter, or approximately 1/250 of a square kilometer. You won’t envy that pair of bulls who have to cultivate a square kilometer of land - after all, they will have to work for eight whole months!

Lb

Not to be confused with foot! If a foot means distance, then a pound means the mass of an object. By the way, the pound sterling was originally a pound of silver coins, 453.6 grams, that is, almost half a kilo. Very often, modern exercise machines such as a bicycle or treadmill offer you to enter your body weight before starting a lesson. Be careful, because if the simulator is made in England or the USA, then most likely it asks you to indicate the weight in pounds. But this is not a problem - just double your weight in kilograms and report it to the simulator. (But when starting to cook according to old Russian cookbooks, keep in mind that the Russian pound is smaller, only 410 grams.)

Ounce

This is 1/16 of a pound, or 28.35 grams. Used in medicine for weighing drugs, as well as in perfumery. Look at the packaging of your perfume - you will probably find a 3.3 fl. oz. - this is the designation of the mass (or, more precisely, volume) of perfume in ounces.

For most cases, the units listed will be sufficient, so now you don’t have to rack your brains over English notation length or mass. Simple rules not only save peace of mind when reading an interesting book, not processed by a lazy translator, but they will also make you more erudite. After all, if a penalty kick in football is taken from a distance of 12 yards, then it’s not so difficult to convert this value into meters, right?

All countries of the world strive for universal standardization of the system of measures, but there are still some overlapping units of measurement. In many countries, distances are now measured in miles and feet.

Russians and residents of the CIS countries are more familiar with the metric system, so the designation of distance in miles confuses many. But how many kilometers are in 1 mile or how many miles are in one kilometer? We’ll help you figure it out and look at the types of miles used around the world.

What is a mile?

A mile is a unit of measurement used primarily in America and Great Britain. You may have noticed that distance and speed are shown in miles on the speedometers of American and British cars. Moreover, this value is found in books on navigation, but a land mile differs from a sea mile.

In Latin, the unit of measurement is called mille passuum. A mile is equivalent to a thousand double steps of Roman soldiers in full uniform during the march. This unit was first used back in Ancient Rome to measure path length. Until the metric system appeared in the world, the mile was used everywhere, and in some countries this unit was preserved. But how many kilometers are there in a mile on land and sea?

How many kilometers are there in sea and land miles?

As you already know, miles come in different forms. A modern land mile is only 1608 meters, and one nautical mile is 1852 meters or 1.85 km. By default, in international business documents and other designations, it is the British land mile, also called the American one, that is used, so you can remember the following ratios for ease of calculation:

• 1 mile is equal to 1.6 km or 1608 meters;
• 2 miles is 3.2 km;
• 5 miles equals 8.04 km;
• 100 miles is 169 km.

Other types of miles

There are also French, German and even Swedish miles. There is a German or so-called geographical mile, which is equated to 1/15 of the equatorial parallel. Accordingly, 1 German mile is 7.42 km. The French, in turn, divided sea and land miles, equating them to the share of the planet's meridian:

• 1 French land mile = 4.44 km;
• 1 French nautical mile = 5.55 km.

The Swedes also had their own mile, equal to 10.6 km, but when the international measurement system was approved, they shortened it to 10 km. IN ordinary life you are unlikely to need these values, and most often you will ask questions, how many km are there in an American mile? You already know this - 1 British or American mile is equal to 1.6 km.

The mile as a unit of measurement for long distances did not first appear in England or the USA (where it ultimately took root). This word was invented by the ancient Romans, and it only means “thousand”. This is exactly how far a legionary had to go in full combat gear to feel tired and rest a little.

History of the use of miles

At first, miles were used to indicate increasingly greater distances: both on land and at sea. But then, with the advent of the meter, using the mile as a unit of length became not entirely convenient: after all, it is not every day that you need to travel such distances on dry land, and in other cases, for example, to measure the length of objects, using a mile is even less appropriate.

But sailors from all countries and continents fell in love with the mile. If this is not surprising for a great maritime power - England - what do you say about the Portuguese navigator Magellan or the Turkish marshal Piri Reis? Nevertheless, they also fell in love with the mile. Miles began to denote all distances on nautical charts and were used when calculating distances using sextants. Later, derivatives of the nautical mile appeared. For example, a knot, a unit of speed for a sea vessel, is one mile per hour. It is interesting that in English-speaking countries, measuring speed in miles per hour was practiced at the end of the twentieth century, and in the USA and conservative Great Britain, some brands of cars are still equipped with speed measuring devices where miles appear.

How many miles were there in total?

Many. In an era of not very intense connections between different regions there were German, French, Norwegian and even Scottish miles. The longest was the French one (otherwise known as league), and on land it corresponded to 4444.4 m, and at sea - 5555.5 m. However, the longest mile comes from Norway: it was almost 11300 m.

IN modern practice a mile is firmly established in maritime affairs: there it is equal to 1852 m. Such a multiple number was chosen by navigators for a reason: this is exactly the length of the arc of 1/60° of the earth's meridian. Since sailors are not spoiled with land landmarks, it is easier to measure distances on the open sea using astronomical parameters.

Some transnational automakers that sell their products both in Europe and overseas supply the speedometer scale with both “mile” and “metric” parts. Not very convenient, but original.

But in Russia the mile did not take root. If it was used, it was only as an addition to the traditional mile. It turned out very clumsily - one Russian mile corresponded to 7467 meters. Try to remember here...

Back in the days of the ancient Romans, one land mile was equal to 1000 steps. Later a specific figure was established - 1609 meters. The length of the nautical mile was 1852 meters. Where did this come from?

A little history...

In order to measure the speed of a ship, it was inconvenient for sailors to use land miles. Especially, there were unjustified risks during emergency work. The lives of sailors were in great danger from the raging elements during the storm. Under such conditions it was not possible to use land measurements.

Therefore, we found a more suitable option. They took a heavy log and threw it overboard. Then they counted how many knots would pass through the sailor’s hands in a certain period of time before the rope was tensioned.

The distance between nodes and the time period were determined empirically. There are different versions about precise definition. One of them was when the distance between nodes averaged 15 meters. It took 30 seconds.

It was practical and rational. Time was measured by an hourglass. All that remained was to count the knots and look at the sand. Even an illiterate sailor could complete the task.

We summed up these studies and found out. The length from one knot to another until the rope is tensioned is 15 meters and takes 30 seconds. Using simple arithmetic operations we calculated average speed ship. Thus, one nautical mile was 1852 meters in one hour.

Further events

With the development of navigation, even greater convenience was introduced. One nautical mile became equal to one minute along the meridian. 1 degree equals 60 minutes. This will be 60 nautical miles. The nautical mile has become convenient for calculating navigation problems.

Therefore, the navigators began to measure the distance with a compass. By applying it to the scale, they found out the distance in nautical miles. For example, to find out a distance of 30 miles, a compass of 30 arc minutes on any meridian plotted on the map is enough.

Now, of course, all equipment is computerized. There is no need to use outdated methods, but the nautical mile as a unit of distance has remained unchanged and is 1852 meters. It is called navigational or geographical.

The knot is used in shipping as the basic unit of speed. Nautical miles and knots are the same understandable and familiar measurements at sea as kilometers and meters on land.

Sources:

• Units of measurement. What is the SI system?
• Why are nautical miles different from land miles, but sea and land kilometers are the same?
• Why is a nautical mile different from a land mile?
• What is a nautical mile and what is it equal to maritime knot?

Speed ​​on land is measured in a unit of time taken to travel one kilometer - kilometers per hour. On water, speed is measured in knots - special units characteristic only for navigation.

According to encyclopedic dictionaries a knot is a measure of length equal to 1 nautical or 1852 meters. Thus, a ship traveling at a speed of one mile per hour or 1 knot per hour covers a distance of one kilometer and 852 meters in an hour. What is the reason for such, at first glance, strange features of taking measurements in shipping and?

Birth of a node

What does nautical mile mean?

A nautical mile is approximately two kilometers, or more precisely, 1852 meters. In "Bolshoi" Soviet encyclopedia"It is mentioned that this value was approved in 1929 at the International Hydrographic Conference. It is considered correct in the CIS countries and a number of other countries, although it is not included in the list of the international system of units.

Where does the meaning come from? It is known that a distance of 1853 meters is the approximate linear length of one minute of latitude, that is, 1/60 of the arc of the meridian. It is worth noting that given length The meridian corresponds only to the middle latitudes of the globe. Let's add that a nautical mile contains 10 cables.

The meaning of a nautical mile was slightly different in Great Britain, where until 1929 it was generally accepted that it was 1853 meters. This was due to the convenience of converting an ordinary mile into a sea mile. In this case, it was enough to add the number 800 to the mile to get a nautical mile in feet.

What does a sea knot mean?

The maritime node displays a certain speed of the vessel. A ship that traveled one nautical mile per hour made one sea knot. The number of nautical miles a ship travels in one hour is equal to the number of knots. Moreover, it is not customary to talk about the speed of a vessel as the number of knots per hour. If it is stated that a ship makes twelve knots, it means that it covers the same number of miles in sixty minutes.

Why did the sea knot get such a name? It turns out that this concept is associated with a marine instrument that was previously used to measure the speed of a ship - a log. The log was a long load that was thrown overboard. The rope was pre-tied with knots in 50-foot increments. After which the captain or his assistant counted the number of knots on the cable that would submerge in the water in a certain time. Their number corresponded to the speed of the ship.

Nowadays, the speed of a ship in knots is rarely measured, only in Britain it is customary to talk about sea speed per hour. In most countries the speed maritime transport measured in kilometers per hour.

Accumulating miles under the Aeroflot bonus program will allow you to receive a pleasant “gift” after a while - a free flight or upgrade to a service class; instead of economy, you can get a business ticket. There are several ways to earn miles, and it is best not to limit yourself to one of them, but to work with all of them at once.

Instructions

All bonus miles that can be accumulated with Aeroflot are conventionally divided into qualifying and non-qualifying. The first type includes all award miles that you receive when flying on flights of Aeroflot itself and partner companies. The second type of miles is accumulated if you use various joint Aeroflot programs with partners, for example, with hotels, banks, mobile operators, etc.

The simplest and effective way The fastest way to accumulate qualifying miles is to fly with Aeroflot and partner airlines. With each flight you receive at least 500 bonus miles, and if it is a long-haul flight, even more. The most profitable flights are in business class, for which the price is sometimes double or even more than for a flight in economy class. There is a website on the airline's website that allows you to calculate how many bonus miles you will receive in each specific case.

From time to time, Aeroflot runs various promotions that award far more miles than usual for flights to certain destinations. Of course, no one will buy a ticket to distant lands just because this month you can get large number award miles. But if you are going on vacation anyway and haven’t decided yet, then why not see what offers Aeroflot has for you?

Not long ago, Aeroflot joined the Sky Team alliance, which includes many of the largest carriers from around the world. Therefore, it is useful to find all the boarding passes for the last year or two, and if any flights were made on planes of companies from this alliance, then you can safely enter their data on the bonus program website to credit miles to your bonus account. You can also use all Nordavia flights.

Non-qualifying miles are an opportunity for non-frequent flyers to earn money. To find out how you can accumulate them, it is useful to visit the Aeroflot website from time to time and look at the list of partner companies from which you receive miles for purchases. The list of partners is constantly changing. These include all kinds of hotels, bank cards, and even cellular operators (Aeroflot's partner is Megafon). Sometimes, together with partners, we run promotions that are profitable based on miles.

Some ways to earn non-qualifying miles give you good bonus even during registration. Yes, when opening bank card, which awards miles on every purchase, you'll typically receive 500 welcome miles. The company also gives its clients a gift - a certain number of miles for their birthday, provided that the person is an active client and has accruals for lately.

Useful advice

The number of miles you receive depends on your status as a customer. When you register, everyone gets Basic status, but later, if you are active, you can upgrade to the Elite Club. Its members have access to various benefits and privileges, including an increased number of miles accrued. It turns out that the more miles you accumulate with Aeroflot, the easier and faster it will be for you to do so in the future.

Bonus miles are a kind of payment method with which you can upgrade the class of service on an airplane or purchase a free flight. You can earn bonus miles in various ways.

Each passenger participating in the Aeroflot Bonus program can open only one account in it, qualifying miles from which cannot be transferred or combined with miles and accounts of other participants in this program. In addition, the Member may not transfer, sell or bequeath his Qualifying Miles account to a third party or use them to earn awards in other rewards programs.

Rules for earning miles

Qualifying miles for a flight on an Aeroflot flight or an airline partner of the program are credited to the passenger’s account once and regardless of the number of services or air tickets paid for. Qualifying miles are accrued according to the distance traveled between the point of departure and the point of destination - and they are credited to the account only after completed flights.

A program participant receives qualifying miles as a percentage of the distance covered and depending on the fare indicated on his ticket.

Qualifying miles are also credited to the passenger’s account for each flight segment that corresponds to each flight coupon of the ticket. In the Aeroflot Bonus program, these incentive units are credited exclusively for a flight coupon or air ticket already used by the passenger. However, qualifying miles are not credited if tickets are lost, expired or unused. They are credited to the program participant’s account automatically after the flight and within ten days after the flight date. Also, the number of a passenger participating in the airline’s bonus program must be entered into Aeroflot’s reservation system.