The first manned flight into space. Presentation "The first flight into space" Presentation on the topic of the first flights into space
Slide 2
First cosmonaut
The first pilot-cosmonaut was 27-year-old Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, his backup was German Stepanovich Titov.
Slide 3
First flight
On April 12, 1961, for the first time in human history, Yuri Gagarin flew into space on the Vostok spacecraft. The flight lasted 1 hour 48 minutes.
Slide 4
Cosmodrome
Kazakhstan. Baikonur Cosmodrome. It was founded in 1955. The first artificial Earth satellite was launched from here in 1957, the first spacecraft “Vostok” with a man on board in 1961, and many other spacecraft and orbital stations.
Slide 5
The first woman astronaut
On June 16, 1963, the world's first female cosmonaut, Valentina Tereshkova, flew into space. The flight on the Vostok-6 spacecraft lasted 70 hours and 50 minutes. The ship made 48 revolutions around the Earth. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by Valery Bykovsky, was in low-Earth orbit.
Slide 6
Merit Awards
For his accomplished flight, Yuri Gagarin was awarded the highest state award of the USSR - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and many other awards. He became an honorary citizen of 16 cities around the world. A crater on the Moon and a small planet were named after Gagarin. Valentina Tereshkova, as the first female cosmonaut, was also awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and many other awards. She became an honorary citizen of 14 cities around the world. A crater on the Moon bears her name.
Slide 7
Entering outer space
Alexey Leonov, who made his first spacewalk on March 18, 1965. Leonov's entry into space. A drawing made by the astronaut himself.
Slide 8
Sergey Krikalev
Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev made six space flights: four on the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft, two on the American Endeavor and Discovery. He spent 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes in space. Eight times he went into outer space. Krikalev spent 41 hours and 26 minutes in airless space.
Slide 9
American astronaut
American astronaut Jerry Lyn Ross was the first to make seven space flights, spending 58 days in orbit. He made five flights on the Atlantis ships, once on the Columbia, once on the Endeavor ship, together with Sergei Krikalev. He went into outer space nine times. In total, his time in space was 58 hours.
First flight into space.
Since ancient times, people have looked at the sky and dreamed of flying like birds. Some daredevils tied homemade wings and jumped from bell towers or cliffs, others invented hot air balloons, and, finally, airplanes and planes.
But it was possible to fly to the stars, into airless space, overcoming gravity only in the 20th century. And this happened in Russia (then the country was called the USSR - Soviet Union).
There is no clear boundary between the Earth and space, and the International Aeronautical Federation has adopted a boundary height of 100 km from the Earth's surface.
Just 100 km up and you are in space, but...
In order for the aircraft to take off from the Earth, it must be accelerated to the first escape velocity - 7.9 km per second. No one in the world could do this. And on October 4, 1957 Russian scientists led by general designer Sergei Korolev
launched into orbit (into space) the first artificial Earth satellite PS-1. The launch date is considered the beginning of the space age of mankind, and in Russia it is celebrated as a memorable day of the Space Forces.
In addition to Gagarin, there were also contenders for the first flight into space; there were twenty of them in total. Candidates were recruited specifically from fighter pilots by decision of Korolev, who believed that such pilots already had experience of overload, stressful situations and pressure drops. Out of twenty applicants, six were selected
Cosmonaut squad: Yu.A. Gagarin, G.S. Titov, A.G. Nikolaev, P.R. Popovich, V.F. Bykovsky, V.V. Tereshkova, K.P. Feoktistov, V.M. Komarov, B.B. Egorov. Star City, 1963.
The one who would fly into space was determined at the last moment; they were Yuri Gagarin and his backup German Titov (after 4 months he became cosmonaut No. 2).
It was on April 12, 1961 that man made the first space flight in history. This flight was performed by Yuri Gagarin. It became possible only thanks to the dedicated work of Soviet scientists and engineers.
On April 12, 1961, an event occurred that will remain in the memory of all subsequent generations of people.
This flight was performed by Yuri Gagarin. It became possible only thanks to the dedicated work of Soviet scientists and engineers. Yuri Gagarin's flight into space was made on the Vostok spacecraft, which weighed 4730 kg. Vostok was launched into space using a three-stage launch vehicle.
The maximum distance between the spacecraft's orbit and the Earth's surface was 327 km.
Slide No. 10
Vostok-1 lander
became the first spacecraft of the Vostok program aimed at manned flights.
Slide No. 11
The question is often asked about how long Gagarin's flight lasted. It did not last long at all - only 108 minutes. However, the supplies of air and food on board the Vostok would allow one to spend 10 days in space. During this flight, some important tasks were resolved:
testing all ship systems;
studying the effects of weightlessness on the human body;
studying the impact of flight on the psychological and physiological state of a person.
Before the flight
Slide No. 12
The only stage of the flight that went as planned was the ejection of the astronaut and his subsequent successful landing at a short distance from the ship.
During the flight, many difficult situations arose. There was a failure on the communication line, the leakage sensor did not work, and the
The power compartment separated and the spacesuit became jammed.
Slide No. 13
When Vostok-1 entered orbit, Gagarin transmitted: “I see the horizon, the horizon of the Earth is floating up. But the stars are not visible in the sky. The earth's surface, the earth's surface is visible through the porthole. The sky is black, and along the edge of the Earth, along the edge of the horizon, there is such a beautiful blue halo, which gets darker as it moves away from the Earth.”
What the first cosmonaut saw when he entered orbit is evidenced by a complete transcript of his negotiations with the Earth.
Slide No. 14
Due to a failure in the braking system, the descent module with Gagarin landed not in the planned area 110 km from Stalingrad, but in the Saratov region near the village of Smelovka. The astronaut was wearing a bright orange spacesuit to make him easier to spot, because the melted April snow was still lying on the fields.
Slide No. 15
The first people who met the astronaut after the flight were the forester’s wife Anna Akimovna Takhtarova and her six-year-old granddaughter Rita. Soon, military personnel from the division and local collective farmers arrived at the scene of events. One group of military men took guard over the descent module, and the other took Gagarin to the unit’s location.
Purpose of the work: To show the role of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin’s flight in the development of astronautics and increasing the international authority of the USSR.
Slide 3
The country dreamed of the sky, of space... From the ideas of Tsiolkovsky, the first Zepelin to the Gagarin rocket - a giant path!
Slide 4
Slide 5
The beginning of the journey Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934 near the city of Gzhatsk, which is now renamed Gagarin. He lived his childhood in the village of Klushino. On October 27, 1955, Gagarin was drafted into the army and sent to Orenburg to the 1st Military Aviation School named after K. E. Voroshilov. On December 9, 1959, Gagarin wrote a statement asking to be included in the group of cosmonaut candidates.
Slide 6
“Any aviation regiment could recruit twenty such pilots...” Of the twenty applicants, only six were selected. Korolev was in a hurry, since there was information that on April 20, 1961, the Americans would send their man into space. Three TASS reports were prepared about Gagarin's flight into space. The first is “Successful”, the second, in case he falls on the territory of another country or in the oceans, is “Appeal to the governments of other countries”, asking for help in the search, and the third is “Tragic”, if Gagarin does not return alive. Flight into space
Slide 7
April 12, 1961 The Vostok spacecraft was launched at 09:07 on April 12, 1961 Moscow time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Having completed one revolution around the Earth at 10:25:34 in the 108th minute, the ship completed its planned flight. The first earthlings who met the astronaut after the flight were the forester’s wife Anna Akimovna Takhtarova and her six-year-old granddaughter Rita. Gagarin reported by telephone to the commander of the air defense division: “Please convey to the Air Force Commander-in-Chief: I completed the task, landed in the given area, I feel good, there are no bruises or breakdowns. Gagarin."
Slide 8
An Mi-4 helicopter took off from Engels airport; its task was to find and pick up Gagarin. They were the first to discover the descent module, but Gagarin was not nearby, the situation was clarified by local residents, they said that Gagarin had left in a truck for Engels. The helicopter took off and headed for the city. On the way, we saw a truck from which Gagarin was waving his arms. Gagarin was picked up and the helicopter flew to the base at Engels airport, transmitting a radiogram: “The cosmonaut has been taken on board, I am heading to the airfield.” Meeting on earth
Slide 9
World fame The world fame and fame that Gagarin gained after that significant day did not in the least spoil his character and did not make him arrogant or complacent, as sometimes happens with others. Yuri always remained himself, regardless of certain “gifts of fate”.
Slide 10
Slide 11
Foreign visits Gagarin's first foreign trip after the flight was a trip to Czechoslovakia. Next, Gagarin's path lay in Bulgaria. When approaching Sofia, the Bulgarian pilots met him with an honorary escort of fighters. Gagarin visited Finland twice - in 1961 and 1962. In July 1961, Gagarin arrived in England at the invitation of the English foundry trade union. First he visited Manchester and the headquarters of the oldest foundry union in Great Britain. There Gagarin was awarded a gold medal and a diploma of Honorary Foundryman of England.
Slide 12
Slide 13
The circumstances of Gagarin's death are still not known for certain. The UTI MiG-15 plane with Gagarin and his instructor, Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel Vladimir Seregin, crashed on March 27, 1968 at 10:30 am near the village of Novoselovo, 18 km from the city of Kirzhach, Vladimir region. A piece of Gagarin's flight jacket was found on a branch, and a photograph of Korolev was found in his pocket. Before his flight into space, Yuri Gagarin wrote a farewell letter in case he died. This letter was handed to his wife after his death near Kirzhach. Tragic death
Slide 1
The first manned flight into space.
Slide 2
Yuri Gagarin, the first person to conquer outer space, became a symbol of human power. He proved that anyone, with proper training, can see the Earth from space.
Slide 3
On April 12, 1961, a launch vehicle was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome (USSR), which placed the world's first manned spacecraft, the Vostok, into low-Earth orbit. The spacecraft was piloted by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.
Slide 4
The flight lasted 1 hour 48 minutes. Having completed a revolution around the Earth, the ship began to land. At an altitude of several kilometers from the Earth's surface, the cosmonaut ejected and landed by parachute near the descent module in the Saratov region.
Slide 6
For his accomplished flight, Yuri Gagarin was awarded the highest state award of the USSR - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and many other awards. He became an honorary citizen of 16 cities around the world.
Slide 7
Yuri Alekseevich died during a training flight on an airplane. Educational institutions, streets and squares of many cities around the world, etc. are named after Gagarin. A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after Gagarin.
Slide 8
Thus began the era of manned astronautics on Earth. By the beginning of the 21st century, there were already more than 400 astronauts from different countries on the planet. Now we can say that this profession is no longer rare. There are people who have made five or six flights into space; cosmonauts and astronauts work on orbital space stations for several months.
Slide 9
Commercial flights of space tourists have already begun, and long-term expeditions to Mars and other bodies of the solar system are just around the corner. But this path was paved for all current and future space explorers by the first cosmonaut of the Earth, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
Slide 10
Spacecraft.
The Soyuz launch vehicle, which launches spacecraft into orbit.
Spacecraft "Soyuz-19".
Soyuz spacecraft are used to transport crews to the International Space Station.
Slide 11
China's first manned spacecraft, Shenzhou 5
Launch of the shuttle Discovery. In order for a spacecraft to overcome the force of gravity and rise into the air, enormous energy is required, which is obtained by burning fuel. Therefore, at launch, a column of flame bursts out of the rocket nozzle, and everything around is hidden by a smoke screen.
Docking of the Soyuz-19 and Apollo spacecraft.
“Space exploration” - 2011 in Russia has been declared the Year of Cosmonautics. Copernicus. Jupiter. Sun. Saturn. Unmanned flights. Unknown worlds appear before us. First flight. Mercury. Uranus. Satellites and asteroids. System. Starry sky. Development of astronautics. Space exploration. Korolev. Mars. Neptune. Venus. Pluto. Earth.
“Sensing the Earth” - Microwave aperture synthesis systems. Channel with two polarizations. Microwave active-passive systems. Implementation. Development of a new generation of satellite systems. Sounder. Microwave sensor. Elements of history. Characteristics of satellite microwave systems. Institute of Space Research RAS.
“Space exploration project” - Tasks of the interorbital system “Parom”. Interorbital system "Parom". Layout of communication satellites. Satellite. Main characteristics of the interplanetary complex. General view of the interplanetary expedition complex. World space powers. Scheme of industrial and commercial development of the Moon. Upgraded manned spacecraft.
“The beginning of space exploration” - ISS. The beginning of the space age. The first woman astronaut. People on the Moon. Orbital stations. Uranus. Man in outer space. Venus. The Earth through the eyes of an astronaut. Giant planets. The first manned flight into space. A whole day in space. Lunar exploration. "Space" dogs. Cosmonautics. Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
“Stages of space exploration” - Stardust Station. Orbital station. The first artificial satellite of the Earth. Automatic interplanetary stations. Launch of the first block. Station "Luna-16". Soft landing on the surface of Venus. Main stages in the field of space exploration. Background. The first manned flight into space. Landing man on the moon.
“History of space exploration” - Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Lunar program. Manned space flight. Mariner 9 station. Space age. Scope of research conducted. Return of the spacecraft. Telemetry data showed. Animals in space. First in space. Cosmonautics. Galileo station. The satellite had the shape of a ball.
There are a total of 38 presentations in the topic
