How the cartoon “Winnie the Pooh” was created. Who wrote Winnie the Pooh? In what year was the Winnie the Pooh cartoon released?

The most famous bear cub in the world turns 85 today: Winnie-the-Pooh, Winnie de Poeh, Pu der Bär, Medvídek Pú, Winnie l "ourson, Kubuś Puchatek, Micimackó, Peter Plys, Ole Brumm and the more familiar Winnie the Pooh - it's all him.

His "official" birthday is August 21, 1921, the day Alan Alexander Milne gave his son the toy that became famous throughout the world. True, not right away - at first the name Winnie belonged to the Winnipeg bear, an “acquaintance” of little Christopher Robin, and only three years later it was “gifted” to the bear cub.

There were other options: Vinnie could become Edward. Edward Bear, from the diminutive Teddy Bear, as all teddy bears in England are called - “Teddy Bear”. Sometimes they mistakenly believe that Winnie the Pooh has a third name - Mr. Sanders. But this is not at all true: according to the book, he literally lived under this name, this is just an inscription on Vinnie’s house. Perhaps this is his older relative or just some kind of bear about which we know nothing.

Pooh also had many titles: Piglet's Friend, Rabbit's Companion, Discoverer of the Pole, Eeyore's Comforter and Tail Finder, Bear with a Very Low IQ and Christopher Robin's First Mate on the Ship, Bear with Pleasant Manners. By the way, in the last chapter, Winnie becomes a knight, so he can rightfully be called Sir Pooh de Bear, that is, Sir Pooh Bear, write the creators of the official website about Winnie the Pooh.

Christopher Robin's real-life toys also included Piglet, Eeyore without a Tail, Kanga, Roo and Tigger. Milne invented the Owl and the Rabbit himself, and in Shepard’s illustrations they look not like toys, but like real animals.

The prefix Pooh in the bear cub's name appeared thanks to a swan that lived with Miln's friends; he appears in the collection "When We Were Very Little." By the way, it should be pronounced correctly as “Pu,” but in the Russian language “pooh” has also taken root because it hints at the plumpness and fluffiness of the main character. However, in the book by Boris Zakhoder there is another explanation: “If a fly landed on his nose, he had to blow it away: “Pooh!” Pooh!" And maybe - although I'm not sure about it - maybe that's when they called him Pooh."

Winnie the Pooh is the main character in two of Milne's books: Winnie-the-Pooh (the first chapter published in the newspaper before Christmas, December 24, 1925, the first separate edition was published on October 14, 1926 by Methuen & Co in London) and The House at Pooh Corner (House on Pukhovaya Edge, 1928). In addition, Milne's two collections of children's poems, When We Were Very Young and Now We Are Six, contain several poems about Winnie the Pooh.

The Pooh books take place in Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, England, known in the book as The Hundred Acre Wood.

Vinnie is the Corps' mascot. 1914

Like many other characters in Milne's book, Winnie the bear received his name from one of the real toys of Christopher Robin (-), the writer's son. In turn, the Winnie the Pooh teddy bear was named after a female bear named Winnipeg (Winnie), who was kept in the London Zoo in the 1920s.

The Pooh books are set in Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, England, represented in the book as the Hundred Acre Wood. The Hundred Acre Wood, translated by Zakhoder - Wonderful Forest).

List of stories/chapters

"Winnie the Pooh" is a duology, but each of Milne's two books is divided into 10 stories with its own plot, which can be read, filmed, etc. independently of each other. In many translations the division into two parts is not preserved; the stories may be numbered consecutively as chapters, and some of them may be skipped. But still, both books are usually translated and published together. (The exception was the unusual fate of the German Winnie the Pooh: the first book was published in German translation in 1928, and the second only in; between these dates there were a number of tragic events in German history.) Next, in parentheses, is the title of the corresponding chapter as retold by Boris Zakhoder.

• First book - Winnie-the-Pooh:
  1. We Are Introduced to Winnie-the-Pooh and Some Bees and the Stories Begin(...in which we meet Winnie the Pooh and some bees).
  2. Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets Into a Tight Place(...in which Winnie the Pooh went to visit and found himself in a hopeless situation).
  3. Pooh and Piglet Go Hunting and Nearly Catch a Woozle(...in which Pooh and Piglet went hunting and almost caught Buku).
  4. Eeyore Loses A Tail and Pooh Finds One(...in which Eeyore loses his tail and Pooh finds it).
  5. Piglet Meets a Heffalump(...in which Piglet meets the Heffalump).
  6. Eeyore Has A Birthday And Gets Two Presents(...in which Eeyore had a birthday and Piglet almost flew to the moon).
  7. Kanga And Baby Roo Come To The Forest And Piglet Has A Bath(...in which Kanga and Little Roo appear in the forest and Piglet takes a bath).
  8. Christopher Robin Leads An Exposure To The North Pole(...in which Christopher Robin organizes an expedition to the North Pole).
  9. Piglet Is Entirely Surrounded By Water(...in which Piglet is completely surrounded by water).
  10. Christopher Robin Gives Pooh A Party and We Say Goodbye(...in which Christopher Robin throws a ceremonial Pyrgoroy and we say Goodbye to Everyone-Everyone).
• Second book - The House at Pooh Corner:
  1. A House Is Built At Pooh Corner For Eeyore(...in which a house is being built for Eeyore at Pooh Edge).
  2. Tigger Comes to the Forest and Has Breakfast(...in which Tigger comes into the forest and has breakfast).
  3. A Search is Organized, and Piglet Nearly Meets the Heffalump Again(...in which a search is organized, and Piglet again almost got caught by the Heffalump).
  4. It Is Shown That Tiggers Don't Climb Trees(...in which it turns out that Tigers don't climb trees).
  5. Rabbit Has a Busy Day, and We Learn What Christopher Robin Does in the Mornings(...in which the Rabbit is very busy and we meet Spotted Sasvirnus for the first time).
  6. Pooh Invents a New Game and Eeyore Joins In(...in which Pooh invents a new game and Eeyore joins it).
  7. Tigger Is Unbounced(...in which the Tiger is tamed).
  8. Piglet Does a Very Grand Thing(...in which Piglet accomplishes a great feat).
  9. Eeyore Finds the Wolery and Owl Moves Into It(...in which Eeyore finds his comrade and the Owl moves in).
  10. Christopher Robin and Pooh Come to an Enchanted Place, and We Leave Them There(...in which we leave Christopher Robin and Winnie the Pooh in an enchanted place).

The most common version of Zakhoder's retelling has only 18 chapters; two of Milne's original chapters - the tenth from the first book and the third from the second - are omitted (more precisely, the tenth chapter is reduced to one paragraph, “tacked on” at the end of the ninth). In 1990, for the 30th anniversary of the Russian Winnie the Pooh, Zakhoder translated these two chapters and published a complete edition, but this text turned out to be relatively little known; The abridged version is still being republished, and so far only this one is presented on the Internet.

Character

Winnie the Pooh, aka D.P. (Piglet's Friend), P.K. (Rabbit's Pal), O.P. (Pole Discoverer), W.I.-I. (Eeyore the Comforter) and N.H. (Tail Finder) are a naive, good-natured and modest “Bear with Little Brains” (eng. Bear of Very Little Brain); in Zakhoder's translation, Vinny repeatedly says that there is sawdust in his head, although the original only once speaks of chaff ( pulp). Pooh is “scared by long words”, he is forgetful, but often brilliant ideas come into his head. Pooh's favorite pastimes are writing poetry and eating honey.

The image of Pooh is at the center of all 20 stories. In a number of initial stories, such as the story with the hole, the search for Beech, the capture of the Heffalump, Pooh finds himself in one or another “Despair” and often gets out of it only with the help of Christopher Robin. In the future, the comic features in the image of Pooh recede into the background before the “heroic” ones. Very often the plot twist in a story is one or another unexpected decision by Pooh. The climax of the image of Pooh as a hero occurs in chapter 9 of the first book, when Pooh, offering to use Christopher Robin’s umbrella as a means of transport (“We’ll sail on your umbrella”), saves Piglet from imminent death; The entire tenth chapter is dedicated to the great feast in honor of Pooh. In the second book, Pooh's feat is compositionally matched by Piglet's Great Feat, which saves the heroes locked in a collapsed tree where the Owl lived.

In addition, Pooh is a creator, the main poet of the Hundred Acre (Wonderful) Forest, he constantly composes poems from the noise sounding in his head.

The name Winnie (it was borne by the bear after whom Pooh was named) is perceived by the English ear as characteristically feminine (“I thought it was a girl,” the father says to Christopher Robin in the prologue). In the English tradition, teddy bears can be perceived as both "boys" and "girls", depending on the choice of the owner. Milne often calls Pooh with a masculine pronoun (he), but often leaves his gender indeterminate (it). In the vast majority of translations, Pooh is masculine. The exception was the translation of Monika Adamczyk into Polish (), where the main character is a bear named Fredzia Phi-Phi. But this translation did not gain recognition; in Poland the pre-war translation by Irena Tuwim (sister of the poet Julian Tuwim) is considered classic, where Kubuś Puchatek masculine (moreover, even his name is replaced by an unambiguously masculine one - Kubuś is a diminutive of Jakub). Winnie the Pooh has another name - Edward(Edward), a diminutive of which is the traditional English name for teddy bears - Teddy. Pooh's "surname" is always Bear; after he is knighted by Christopher Robin, Pooh receives the title Sir Pooh de Bear(Sir Pooh de Bear).

Authentic Christopher Robin toys: Eeyore, Kanga, Pooh, Tigger and Piglet. New York Public Library

A Winnie the Pooh teddy bear that belonged to Christopher Robin is now in the children's room of the New York Library. He doesn't look much like the bear we see in Shepard's illustrations. The illustrator's model was "Growler", his own son's teddy bear. Unfortunately, it was not preserved, having become the victim of a dog that lived in the artist’s family.

Pooh's best friend is Piglet. Other characters:

• Christopher Robin
• Eeyore (Eeyore)
• Little Roo
• Owl (Owl)
• Rabbit
• Tigger

Disney adaptations and sequel films

Disney Winnie the Pooh

Winnie the Pooh in the USSR and Russia

The image of Winnie the Pooh, created by artist E. Nazarov and animator F. Khitruk

Retelling by Boris Zakhoder

The history of Winnie the Pooh in Russia begins in 1958, when Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder became acquainted with the book. The acquaintance began with an encyclopedic article. This is how he himself talked about it:

Our meeting took place in the library, where I was looking through the English children's encyclopedia. It was love at first sight: I saw a picture of a cute bear cub, read several poetic quotes - and rushed to look for a book. Thus began one of the happiest moments of my life: the days of working on Pooh.

“Detgiz” rejected the book manuscript (curiously, it was considered “American”). In 1960, it was published by the newly established Detsky Mir publishing house with illustrations by Alisa Ivanovna Poret. The original title of the book (under which the first edition was published) was “Winnie-the-Pooh and the rest”, later the name “Winnie-the-Pooh and All-all-all” was established. In 1965, the book, which had already become very popular, was published in Detgiz. The imprint of the first few editions erroneously listed the book's author as "Arthur Milne". Already in 1967, the Russian Winnie the Pooh was published by the American publishing house Dutton, where most of the books about Pooh were published and in whose building Christopher Robin's toys were kept at that time.

Zakhoder always emphasized that his book is not a translation, but retelling, the fruit of Milne’s co-creation and “re-creation” in Russian. Indeed, his text does not always literally follow the original. A number of finds not found in Milne (for example, the various names of Pooh’s songs - Noisemakers, Screamers, Vopilki, Sopelki, Pyhtelki - or Piglet’s famous question: “Does the Heffalump like piglets? And How does he love them?”), fits well into the context of the work.

As already mentioned, for a long time Zakhoder’s retelling was published without two stories - “chapters” from Milne’s original; they were first translated by him and included in the collection Winnie the Pooh and Much More, published in 1990. The “complete” version of Zakhoder’s translation, however, is still little known compared to the earlier one.

Illustrations

In Soviet times, several series of illustrations for Winnie the Pooh became famous.

More than 200 color illustrations, screensavers and hand-drawn titles for “Winnie the Pooh” belong to Boris Diodorov.

• Winnie the Pooh () - based on the first chapter of the book
• Winnie the Pooh is coming for a visit () - based on the second chapter of the book
• Winnie the Pooh and the Day of Worries () - based on the fourth (about the lost tail) and sixth (about the birthday) chapters of the book.

The script was written by Khitruk in collaboration with Zakhoder; the work of the co-authors did not always go smoothly, which ultimately became the reason for the cessation of the release of cartoons (it was originally planned to release a series based on the entire book, see Zakhoder’s memoirs). Some episodes, phrases and songs (primarily the famous “Where are we going with Piglet ...”) are absent from the book and were composed specifically for cartoons. On the other hand, Christopher Robin was excluded from the plot of the cartoon (against the wishes of Zakhoder); in the first cartoon his plot role was transferred to Piglet, in the second - to the Rabbit.

While working on the film, Khitruk wrote to Zakhoder about his concept of the main character:

I understand him this way: he is constantly filled with some kind of grandiose plans, too complex and cumbersome for the trivial things he is going to undertake, so the plans collapse when they come into contact with reality. He constantly gets into trouble, but not out of stupidity, but because his world does not coincide with reality. In this I see the comedy of his character and actions. Of course, he loves to eat, but that’s not the main thing.

A-list actors were hired to dub the series. Winnie the Pooh was voiced by Evgeny Leonov, Piglet by Iya Savvina, Eeyore by Erast Garin.

The cartoon series gained enormous popularity. Quotes from it became the common property of Soviet children and adults and served as the basis for creating the image of Winnie the Pooh in Soviet humorous folklore (see below).

For this cycle, among other works, Khitruk received the USSR State Prize in 1976.

Jokes

Winnie the Pooh and Piglet became characters in a cycle of Soviet jokes. This series is evidence of the popularity of cartoons among adults, since the jokes go far beyond the boundaries of “children’s humor,” and many are emphatically “not for children.” In them, a certain brutality and straightforwardness of the image of Pooh, already evident in Khitruk’s film, comes to the fore; “adult” traits are attributed to the bear - in addition to “the lover of eating,” Pooh becomes a lover of drinking and making jokes with sexual overtones. Often, in jokes in the spirit of black humor, the “gastronomic” qualities of Piglet are played out. Finally, jokes about Pooh and Piglet, like the cycle about Stirlitz, contain elements of a language game (in particular, puns), for example:

One day Piglet comes to Winnie the Pooh, and some bear opens the door.
- Hello, is Winnie the Pooh at home?
- Firstly, it’s not Winnie the Pooh, but Benjamin the bear, and secondly, he’s not at home!
Piglet, offended:
- Yeah, then tell me that the boar Fifty Kopecks came in!

Jokes continue to be created in post-Soviet times: for example, in one version of the text just given, the secretary of Pooh, the “new Russian,” is talking to Piglet, and in another joke, Piglet submits a denunciation “Winnie the Pooh lives well in the world” to the tax office.

Online humor

Winnie the Pooh brought to life a large layer of online humor. These are not only jokes, but also stories by different authors. The most popular topic is Winnie the Pooh as a hacker and sysop.

Publication of the original

J. T. Williams used the image of a bear to satire philosophy ( Pooh and the Philosophers, "Pooh and the Philosophers"), and Frederick Crews - in literary criticism ( The Pooh Perplex, "Pooh Confusion" and Postmodern Pooh, "Postmodern Fluff"). In "Pooh Confusion" a humorous analysis of "Winnie the Pooh" is made from the point of view of Freudianism, formalism, etc.

All these English-language works influenced the book of semiotician and philosopher V.P. Rudnev “Winnie the Pooh and the Philosophy of Ordinary Language” (the hero’s name is without a hyphen). Milne's text is dissected in this book using structuralism, the ideas of Bakhtin, the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and a number of other ideas of the 1920s, including psychoanalysis. According to Rudnev, “aesthetic and philosophical ideas are always floating in the air... VP appeared during the period of the most powerful flowering of prose of the 20th century, which could not but influence the structure of this work, could not, so to speak, not cast its rays on it.” This book also contains complete translations of both Milne's Pooh books (see above, in the "New Translations" section).

Name in different languages

In English, between the name Winnie and the nickname Pooh there is the article the, as is usually the case in nicknames (cf. the names of the monarchs Alfred the Great - Alfred the Great, Charles the Bald - Charles the Bald, or literary and historical characters John the Baptist - John the Baptist, Tevye the Milkman - Tevye the Milkman); also, for example, the Netherlands. Winnie de Poeh and Yiddish װיני-דער-פּו ( Winy-dar-Poo). In many European languages, he is called by one of these two names: “Pooh Bear” (German. Pu der Bär, Czech Medvídek Pú, Bulgarian. Sword Pooh) or “Bear Winnie” (fr. Winnie l'ourson). The Poles, as already said, call him Kubus (Yasha - diminutive of Jakub) Pukhatko (Polish. Kubuś Puchatek). There are also names where there is neither Winnie nor Pooh, for example, Hung. Micimackó, Danish. Peter Plys or Norse. Ole Brumm.

In English, the "h" in the name Pooh is not pronounced; the name always rhymes with who or do; in German, Czech, Latin and Esperanto it is rendered as Pu. Nevertheless, thanks to Zakhoder, the natural-sounding name very successfully entered into the Russian tradition Pooh(playing on Slavic words fluff, plump obvious in the Polish name). In the Belarusian translation by Vital Voronov - Belarusian. Vinya-Pykh, the second part of the name is translated as “Pykh”, which is consonant with Belarusian words puff(arrogance and pride) and out of breath.

In Zakhoder's retelling and in the credits of Soviet cartoons, Pooh's name is written, as in Milne's original, with a hyphen: Winnie the Pooh. In the 1990s, perhaps influenced by Disney cartoons, where Winnie the Pooh without a hyphen, the spelling version has become widespread Winnie the Pooh(for example, in the works of Rudnev and Mikhailova; in some editions of Weber’s translation there is a hyphen, in others there is not). In the Russian Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, edited by V.V. Lopatin, the name is written with a hyphen. In the non-standard Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, edition of the city, it is also given Winnie the Pooh. In accordance with the texts through which this name entered Russian culture, this article uses the traditional spelling - hyphenated.

Other interesting facts

Winnie the Pooh is so popular in Poland that in Warsaw and Poznan streets are named after him (Polish. Ulica Kubusia Puchatka).

The sign on Pooh's house reads "Sanders". This is used as a pun in the story: Pooh "lives under the name" Sanders.

In modern English there is a completely decent word Pu(English) Poo), meaning poop. The word sounds exactly like the name of a bear.

Winnie the Pooh's official date of birth is August 21, which is the day Christopher Robin Milne turned one. On this day, Milne gave his son a teddy bear (which, however, received the name Pooh only four years later).

Christopher Robin's toys, which became the prototypes of the characters in the book (except for Little Roo, who has not survived), are in the USA (given there by Milne the Father for an exhibition, and after his death acquired by the Dutton publishing house), were previously stored in the publishing house, and are now currently on display at the New York Public Library. Many Britons believe that this vital part of the country's cultural heritage should return to its homeland. The issue of toy restitution was even raised in the British Parliament (1998).

Surely, you have been in such a situation that you need to write a review, but there is absolutely no time left. One hour to create something acceptable, and you, of course, do not have the talent of Dostoevsky. Don't worry. A normal review in an hour is not a utopia, it is feasible.

The first thing you need to know when you start writing a review in an hour is that you shouldn’t take complex and long films. Tarkovsky’s “Stalker” is unlikely to fire. If only because you won’t have the opportunity to watch or review it. And you need a review right away. An excellent option “Winnie the Pooh” by Fyodor Khitruk. It is short, only 11 minutes, easy to understand and, most likely, everyone saw it in childhood; you just need to refresh your memory. In addition, if, of course, you do not dare to scold him, then at least you are guaranteed nods of approval from people who grew up watching the union cartoon.

Since you are running out of time, you can compose the first paragraph even without peeking. It serves as an introduction and does not convey any underlying meaning. You can reprint the synopsis and add information from Wikipedia. In some small magical country inhabited by anthropomorphic animals, a cute teddy bear named Winnie lives. He loves life and fun, and constantly gets into funny troubles. Who doesn't know Winnie the Pooh and his friends Piglet, Eeyore, Rabbit and Owl? The film adaptation of the Fairy Tale by the British Alan Milne, adapted by the Soviet children's writer Boris Zakhoder, directed by Fyodor Khitruk at the SoyuzMultfilm studio in 1969, captivated more than one generation of young viewers. This is one of the options. The simplest but not the most reliable.

Option N2 conceptual. You don’t seem to go beyond the screen, you don’t pay attention to the fact that it’s just a cartoon, but describe the atmosphere of the cartoon as if you were inside it. As soon as a weak ray of warm sun broke through from behind a gentle cloud, shedding joyful light on the green meadow, and a fresh breeze gently ruffled the fragile branches of flowering trees in the nearby forest, the good little bear Winnie happily woke up and merrily sang his favorite song. If you settle on this opening option, don't be afraid to use adjectives. On the contrary, use them as much as possible. This will add poetry to your text, and will also increase the volume to the size of a normal review.

There is a third option, postmodern. You should write about everything except the material you are reviewing. When Hitler organized an exhibition of degenerate art in 1937, which included paintings by such eminent artists as Paul Klee and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, it might have seemed that this was the decline of modernist culture. But history decreed otherwise. Art, which the Nazis called degenerate, but ordinary people could not yet understand, had a great influence in the fight against evil, led people to the light, through rage, pain, fear, aggression. Next there should be a transition between parts The Soviet cartoon "Winnie the Pooh" proved that art is alive. A direct heir to the work of Paul Klee, Khitruk created what would seem to be an absolutely childish work, but one that brings adult themes to the surface. This method is effective, but not always reliable. But in any case, you can say the sacramental “I am an artist, this is how I see it” and you will have supporters in any case.

Important point. Reader's attention: the meaning is variable, so it needs to be taken care of no matter which line you follow. The best way to attract dull attention is to throw into the text someone’s name that is in no way associated with the material. Schopenhauer and Nietzsche come in best. Kant from case to case. For lovers of the exotic, Kierkegaard and Heidegger are suitable. But this moment will be individual for everyone. Experiment and you will be cool like Nebuchadnezzar.

Time is running out, so it's okay if you only have two paragraphs. They say it's fashionable now. In the second paragraph, it is necessary to reveal the whole essence of the cartoon and answer the question of why it is considered a cult in Russia. There’s a lot that can be written here. Start with praise of the brilliant Soviet acting school, especially Leonov, and end with how well the archetypes are written. After all, these characters can be used to study human psychology. Don’t forget to say that this is a very positive cartoon and teaches good things, even if it’s not true and Vinnie in your eyes is a seasoned repeat offender. Write that this is the cartoon of your childhood, you grew up on it and would never exchange it for the Hollywood version. Write about Forrest Gump, Star Wars and Kanye West. Write how nice it was yesterday to sit with your friends in the bathhouse. Write whatever you want. No one will read until this point. They never finish reading.

Who wrote "Winnie the Pooh"? A man who wanted to go down in the history of English literature as a serious writer, but entered and remained as the creator of the hero whom everyone knows from childhood - a plush bear with a head full of sawdust. Alan Alexander Milne created a series of stories and poems about a teddy bear, writing stories for his son, Christopher Robin, who also became the hero of the book.

Many of Milne's characters received names thanks to very real prototypes - his son's toys. Perhaps the most confusing is the story of Vinny himself. Winnipeg is the name of Christopher's pet bear. Milne brought his son to the zoo in 1924, and three years before that the boy received a bear as a gift for his first birthday, unnamed until that epoch-making meeting. He was called Teddy, as is customary in But after meeting a live bear, the toy was named Winnie in her honor. Gradually, Vinnie made friends: a loving father bought his son new toys, and the neighbors gave the boy Piglet as a gift. The author came up with such characters as the Owl and the Rabbit as the events in the book unfolded.

The first chapter of the story about the bear cub appeared on the eve of Christmas 1925. Winnie the Pooh and his friends stepped into a life that happily continues to this day. More precisely, Milne wrote two prose books and two collections of poetry about Vinnie. Prose collections are dedicated to the writer’s wife.

But the answer to the question of who wrote Winnie the Pooh will be incomplete without mentioning one more name. Ernest Shepherd, Punch magazine cartoonist, like Milne, was a veteran of the First World War. He became a true co-author of the writer, creating images of toy heroes the way generations of children imagine them.

Why so about the teddy bear and his friends? Probably because to many these stories, told one after another, resemble fairy tales that loving parents tell their children. Often such tales are simply made up at night. Of course, not all parents have the gift that Milne possessed, but this special atmosphere of a family, where the child is surrounded by love and care, is felt in every line of the book.

Another reason for such popularity is the amazing language of the fairy tale. The author of "Winnie the Pooh" plays and has fun with words: there are puns, and parodies, including advertising, and funny phraseological units, and other philological delights. Therefore, not only children, but also adults love the book.

But again, there is no definitive answer to the question of who wrote Winnie the Pooh. Because “Winnie the Pooh” is a magical book, it was translated by the best writers from different countries, considering it an honor to help little fellow citizens meet funny ones. For example, the book was translated into Polish by the sister of the poet Julian Tuwima, Irena. There were several translations into Russian, but the text by Boris Zakhoder, which was published in 1960, became a classic, and millions of Soviet children began to repeat the screams and chants after Vinny the Bear.

A separate story is the film adaptation of the fairy tale. In the West, the Disney studio series is known, which, by the way, the main character of the book did not really like - And the Soviet cartoon with amazing voice acting, where the characters speak in the voices of E. Leonov, I. Savina, E. Garin, is still much more popular in post-Soviet space.

The one who wrote "Winnie the Pooh" was never able to free himself from the hugs of a teddy bear, but it was this book that brought him immortality.

If you ask anyone, be it a child or an adult, who Winnie the Pooh is, everyone will remember the cute teddy bear with sawdust in his head from the favorite children's cartoon. Funny phrases of the characters are often quoted, and songs are remembered by heart. The cartoon character was actually created on the basis of a cycle of two works, which were written primarily for an adult audience. Many even think that the creator of Vinnie is some Soviet writer, and are surprised to learn that in fact the cheerful, harmless bear came to us from good old England. So who came up with this extraordinary character?

Author of "Winnie the Pooh"

The creator of the world famous teddy bear was the English writer Alan Alexander Milne. Scottish by birth, he was born in London in 1882 into the family of a teacher. Creativity was encouraged in the family, and he made early attempts at writing in his youth. Milne's personality was influenced by the famous writer Herbert Wells, who was Alan's teacher and friend. Young Milne was also drawn to the exact sciences, so after graduating from college he entered Cambridge to study mathematics. But the calling to be closer to literature won out: throughout his student years he worked in the editorial office of Grant magazine, and later helped editor of the London humorous publication Punch. It was there that Alan first began publishing his stories, which were successful. After nine years of work in publishing, Milne went to the front as the First World War began. After being wounded, he returned home to normal life. Even before the start of the war, he married Dorothy de Selincourt, and after seven years of family life, their long-awaited son Christopher Robin was born, partly thanks to whom the fairy tale “Winnie the Pooh” appeared.

History of the creation of the work

When his son was still a three-year-old baby, Alan Milne began writing children's fairy tales. Little Bear first appears in one of two collections of poems for Christopher, also by Milne. Winnie the Pooh did not get his name right away; at first he was just a nameless bear. Later, in 1926, the book “Winnie the Pooh” was published, and two years later - its sequel, which was called “The House on Pooh Edge”. Almost all the characters were based on real Christopher Robin toys. Now they are kept in the museum, and among them there is a donkey, a pig, and, naturally, a teddy bear. The bear's name was really Vinnie. It was given to him when Robin was 1 year old, and since then it has become the boy's favorite toy. The bear is named after the Winnipeg bear, with whom Christopher became very close. Amazingly, Alan Milne never read his fairy tales to his son; instead, he preferred the works of another author. But this was more likely because the author addressed his books primarily to adults, in whose souls a child still lives. But still, the fairy tale “Winnie the Pooh” found hundreds of grateful young readers for whom the image of the mischievous bear cub was close and understandable.

The book not only brought Milne a significant income of two and a half thousand pounds sterling, but also enormous popularity. The author of "Winnie the Pooh" has become a favorite children's writer for several generations right up to the present day. Although Alan Alexander Milne wrote novels, essays and plays, few people read them now. But, according to one survey conducted in 1996, it was the story about Winnie the Pooh that took 17th place in the list of the most significant works of the past century. It has been translated into 25 languages.

Many researchers find a lot of autobiographical details in the book. For example, Milne “copied” some of the characters from real people. Also, the description of the forest coincides with the landscape of the area where the author of “Winnie the Pooh” himself and his family loved to walk. Among other things, Christopher Robin is one of the main characters

It is impossible not to mention the English artist Shepard, who drew illustrations for Milne’s book. It was based on his sketches that the Disney cartoon was filmed in 1966. Many more film adaptations followed. Below are the characters of the most famous of them, created in 1988.

The Soviet reader became acquainted with the “bear with only sawdust in his head” in 1960, when Boris Zakhoder’s translation of Milne’s book was published. In 1969, the first of three Pooh cartoons was released, and the next ones were released in 1971 and 1972. Fyodor Khitruk worked on them together with the author of the translation into Russian. For more than 40 years, the carefree cartoon bear has been entertaining both adults and children.

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