Composition. Reason and feelings in Bunin's work "Pure Podelnik" Essay in your own words, please, urgently. Abstract: Mastery of depicting the world of human feelings in the works of Bunin and Kuprin
I.A. Bunin and A.I. Kuprin in their works touch on and reveal many topics, but one of the most important is the theme of love. Of course, authors describe this bright feeling in different ways, but we can also find common features. Both authors have a deep and pure love, and love is weak, which cannot withstand the twists of fate and social inequality.
In the stories of I.A. Bunina's love becomes a source mental strength, often it turns out to be the most significant and happiest event in a person’s life.
Collection " Dark alleys”became the embodiment of all the writer’s many years of thoughts about love, in which there is no story with a happy ending. Perhaps he considers it important to show the reader not so much love itself, but the feelings that it entails. For example, the story “Dark Alleys”. The old general arrives at the post station in the Tula province and meets his beloved, whom he has not seen for thirty-five years. When he was a young man, he easily parted with the serf girl Nadezhda who was in love with him and married a woman of his circle. All these years, the mistress of the room loved only Nikolai Alekseevich. And he tries to justify himself: “Everything goes through, my friend... Love, youth - everything, everything. The story is vulgar, ordinary." And Nadezhda wisely replied: “Everything passes, but not everything is forgotten. I could never forgive you. Just as there was nothing more expensive than you in the world at that time, so there was nothing later.” But when the general leaves, he admits to himself: “Isn’t it true that she gave me the best moments in my life?” Happiness in family life never found it. Class prejudices at one time prevented the future general from uniting his fate with a commoner.
For I.A. Bunin, love is the most wonderful feeling on earth, incomparable to anything else. And yet love destroys destinies. He wrote that “every strong love avoids marriage." An earthly feeling is only a short flash in a person’s life, and I.A. Bunin tries to preserve these wonderful moments in his stories.
A.I. Kuprin also fully succeeded in “reproducing” himself in a small work, speaking out about the most important thing for him. The story “The Garnet Bracelet” traces the love of two people of different social status: a simple official and a noblewoman. This story is about love, high love, selfless, not demanding anything in return, love that occurs “once every thousand years.” For eight years, Zheltkov was unrequitedly in love with Princess Vera Nikolaevna. On holidays he sent her letters. For the official, his love became the meaning of life, life itself. He completely surrendered to this feeling. On her name day, Vera receives from Zheltkov, who is in love with her, Garnet bracelet with a letter where he asks not to be angry at his interference in her life and to accept this gift. Vyera, accustomed to obeying her husband in everything, asks him for advice. The story ends tragically. Vera's brother and husband demand that Zheltkov stop interfering in their personal life. But the official is powerless over his feelings. He sees only one way out - to die. Vera is shocked. She visits Zheltkov’s apartment, where she sees him for the first time, already dead. At this moment, the princess realizes that “the love that every woman dreams of has passed her by.” Love can completely transform a person, reveal to him the immense depth of his inner world, to help him discover strengths in himself that he himself did not even suspect he had. But nothing could be changed. Even Zheltkov’s death cannot separate him from Vera. She hears his voice: “Calm down, I’m with you... because you and I love each other only for a moment, but forever.” Love often brings suffering and torment; it often hurts the human heart and dooms it to the pain of unrequited and unrequited feelings...
In each work we find more and more new sides of the most beautiful of human beings. feelings - feelings love. The works of I.A. Bunin and A.I. Kuprin opened up new facets of this incomprehensible, but at the same time beautiful feeling. They both write about unhappy love, crumbling due to unexpected fates, social inequality or the characters of the heroes themselves.
arguments for an essay
Final essays on the topic “Reason and Feelings” on our website:
- Do you agree with M. Prishvin’s statement: “There are feelings that replenish and darken the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of feelings”?
- Do you agree with Ferdowsi’s statement “Let your mind guide your affairs. He will not allow your soul to be harmed”?
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A huge number of literary works are devoted to the problem of reason and feeling.
the main characters belong to two warring clans - the Montagues and the Capulets. Everything is against the feelings of young people, and the voice of reason advises everyone not to give in to the outbreak of love. But emotions turn out to be stronger, and even in death Romeo and Juliet did not want to part.
The main character's feelings take precedence over her mind. Having fallen in love with the young nobleman Erast and trusting him, Lisa forgets about her maiden honor. Karamzin writes about this fact with bitterness and reproaches the heroine, although he feels sorry for the kind, sincere girl with all his heart. But Karamzin also accuses Erast of recklessness; he directly says that reason (especially in a man!) should guide emotions. So, in response to the young man’s thoughts that he will not use the girl’s trust for evil and will always remain only her brother, the author exclaims:
And indeed, the girl’s feelings were deceived: Erast, having lost at cards in order to somehow improve his financial situation, marries a rich widow, and Lisa commits suicide by drowning in the lake.
The main character's mind and feelings are in tragic discord
His heart burns with love for Sofya Famusova, it is for her sake that he returns to Moscow, but does not find reciprocal feelings in the girl. When the hero finds out that Sophia’s chosen one is Molchalin, her father’s secretary, he is unable to believe it.
exclaims Chatsky. The hero sees perfectly what Molchalin really is, sees what his true goals are. And this is promotion career ladder And material well-being. For the sake of this, Molchalin does not shun hypocrisy, nor servility to his superiors, nor meanness. It is precisely this kind of meanness on his part that courtship of the boss’s daughter becomes. Chatsky’s mind refuses to believe in Sophia’s love for Molchalin, because he remembers her as a teenager, when love broke out between them, he thinks that Sophia could not change over the years. But the reality turned out to be harsher than the dream. And so Chatsky, with all his intelligence, having a good understanding of people, realizing that Famusov and his guests will not understand and will not share either his ideas, opinions, or actions, does not hold back and speaks out in front of them, so to speak, “throwing pearls in front of them.” pigs." The hero's mind cannot contain the emotions overwhelming him. Chatsky’s whole behavior is so strange.” Famusov society”, that it accepts with relief the news of the hero’s madness.
we also observe a clash between reason and feeling. Pyotr Grinev, having learned that his beloved Masha Mironova is being forcibly held by Shvabrin, who wants to force the girl to marry him, contrary to the voice of reason, turns to Pugachev for help. The hero knows that this could threaten him with death, because the connection with state criminal was severely punished, but he does not give up on his plans and ultimately saves own life and honor and receives Masha as his lawful wife.
In another work
The theme of reason and feeling is also given an important place. After seven years of separation, Evgeny, seeing the transformed Tatiana, falls in love with her. And although the hero knows that she is married, he cannot help himself. Onegin realizes that many years ago he could not fully discern in young Tanya all the strength of her character and inner beauty. Now, feelings of love for the heroine obscure all reasonable evidence in Evgeny, he longs for mutual confessions. But Tatyana is the voice of reason, speaking about duty and honor married woman, takes precedence over emotions. Unlike Onegin, she finds the strength to resist the surging feelings and admits:
He is also repeatedly tested on his mind and feelings. But his mind always turns out to be higher than his emotions. So, we see how the hero struggled with sympathy for Princess Mary and admitted to himself that in another minute he was ready to fall at her feet and ask to become his wife. But... Pechorin does not give in to impulse, he knows that he is not meant for family life and does not want to make the girl unhappy. We see the same struggle when Pechorin, having read Farewell letter Vera, rushes in pursuit of her. But even here, the cold mind cools the hero’s ardor, and, no matter how painful it may be for him, he abandons the thought of reuniting with Vera.
Taras's youngest son, Andriy, having fallen in love with a Polish lady, betrays the Cossacks and goes to fight against them. He says to his beloved:
Andriy’s mind did not resist his feelings for long: all his thoughts about honor, about duty, about his family were burned by the fire of love, he even dies with the name of his beloved.
From another hero
Reason always takes precedence over emotions. Even having met a mysterious young stranger at the station (and here Gogol mentions a twenty-year-old youth who would forget everything in the world at the sight of such a young and charming creature), Chichikov does not give in to romantic thoughts. On the contrary, his reasoning is of a completely practical nature (as Gogol says about him, he is a man of a cautious and cool character): the hero thinks about who the girl’s father might be and what his income is, and that if he gives a dowry of two thousand thousand for the girl, then from it It will be a very tasty morsel.
feelings often take precedence over reason. She is natural, sincere, does not do anything on purpose, trying to find her own benefit in this or that matter. Yes, she is a “heroine of the heart,” but that’s exactly what Tolstoy thinks she should be real woman, this is precisely why he loves her, and after him, so do we. In this she is the opposite of her mother, and Sonya, and the little princess, and Helen Kuragina. We forgive her for betraying Andrei Bolkonsky, turned by the advances of Anatoly Kuragin. After all, we see how sincerely she later repents, realizing that it was an impulse, a momentary infatuation. But it is this incident that changes Natasha, makes her think about eternal values. Another time, the heroine, without hesitation, forces her mother to give the wounded soldiers the carts on which things were to be removed from their home in Moscow, which was awaiting Napoleon's invasion. In this “unreasonableness” of the heroine lies, according to Tolstoy, main meaning her being – kind, compassionate, loving.
Dmitry Gurov, a middle-aged, married man, while vacationing in Yalta, meets a young woman, Anna Sergeevna, with whom he unexpectedly falls in love. Falls in love for the first time in his life! He is discouraged by this, but this feeling changes the hero. He suddenly begins to notice how shallow and shallow the life around him is, how petty and selfish people are. Gurov’s external life (family, work at a bank, dinners with friends in restaurants, playing cards in a club) turns out to be unreal, and real life- these are secret meetings with Anna Sergeevna in a hotel, their love. It is very difficult to reconcile these two lives, but the heroes are not yet able to find a reasonable solution to the problem, although it seems to them that it is about to come and a new, wonderful time will begin.
The heart of the main character
also at odds with his mind. He loves two women - his legal wife Tonya and Larisa Antipova. Loves in different ways, but equally strongly. He experiences his condition as a huge tragedy: torn between two families, the hero cannot find a solution until fate itself divorces him from his wife Tonya.
By nature, man is endowed with a great gift - reason. And at the same time, nature has given man a huge range of different feelings. A person must learn to live, aware of all his actions and deeds, and at the same time remain sensitive, not succumb to anger, hostility, envy. Reason and feeling are often opposed to each other. Will a person be able to bring them into harmony, make sure that reason is supported by feeling and vice versa? Each person answers this question himself. He must make a choice on which his future life may depend.
Reflections on this topic allow us to recall the heroine of the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” to Tatyana Larina. The girl experiences strong and deep feelings when she sees Eugene Onegin in her house for the first time. Pure and frank, modest and inconspicuous, she becomes bold and decides to write a letter to Onegin, in which she confesses her love to him. At that time, declaring a girl first in love was a rash and immoral step. Onegin’s refusal, his rebuke (“inexperience leads to disaster”) did not extinguish Tatiana’s deep and sincere feelings. Yes, she hid, learned to restrain her feelings, but nothing stopped her from still loving Onegin. And only she alone knew what was happening in her soul, what kind of struggle between reason and feeling was raging in her. It was reason that allowed Tatyana to become a self-possessed, sedate lady, the wife of an honest and decent general. It is not destiny for Tatyana to be with Onegin. They met after a long separation, and Onegin fell in love with her. Now he has fiery feelings for Tatyana. But it's too late. Yes, love still lives in Tatiana’s heart: (“I love you, why lie?”). Tatyana learned Onegin’s lesson, she learned to “control herself,” learned to restrain impulses of feelings. But in her soul she is still the same Tanya, who has retained the highest feeling - love.
How difficult relationships between people can sometimes be, especially if it concerns such a strong feeling as love. What should you give preference to: the power of feelings or the voice of reason? The heroine of the novel M.A. Bulgakov’s “The Master and Margarita” hardly discussed this. All her life before meeting the master, Margarita was not happy. In the novel, the author exclaims: “Oh gods! What did this woman need? Yes, Margarita had everything: a loving and wealthy husband, a beautiful rich house. She did not have the main thing - love, warmth - something for which it was worth living. And now measured quiet life she exchanges for life with the master, a life full of worries and worries. Feelings helped her find happiness. Her life gains meaning. All the energy of her soul is directed towards the master and his work. Margarita, who once did not know everyday problems, becomes caring and economical. When the master disappears, Margarita, for the sake of at least some information about him, agrees to give her soul to the devil. Reason sleeps in her heart, and feelings triumph and inspire her. Margarita does not think about any consequences, she thinks only about her lover. For his sake, she is ready to sacrifice herself and go through any ordeal. Margarita achieved her goal: having lost external well-being, she gained eternal love and a feeling of calm.
Thus, let us conclude: it is very difficult for a person to make a choice about how to live. Submit to feelings or listen to the voice of reason? The heroines of the reviewed works did not abandon their feelings, behaving differently in different situations, because the world of feelings is beautiful, bright, diverse, it gives a lot to a person for understanding the world, for realizing himself.
In the work of I.S. Turgenev rises one of the most important problems modernity: reason and feeling. What is more important: a person guided by the mind or a person living by feelings? Using the example of Bazarov, Turgenev shows us the flourishing of reason. Bazarov recognizes everything that can be touched or scientifically proven. He is a theorist, for him the main thing is experience and scientific knowledge. This is what he says: A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than a poet. And he does not notice the beauty of nature. For him, she is only an object for experimentation. Bazarov also rejects feelings, love, and romance. He rejects it until he himself understands what it is.
After meeting with Odintsova, Bazarov changes. This is no longer the cold skeptic we saw him as at the beginning of the novel. This is a man in love who knows that besides reason, there is something that cannot be explained. And this is love. It's difficult to describe in words. But when she comes, all reasonable arguments seem ridiculous. At the end of the novel, Bazarov, having received a mortal wound, realizes that his life is running out. He begins to speak in poetic language: Blow on the dying lamp and it will go out. Feelings prevail.
It seems to me that Turgenev wanted to show us that a person incapable of feelings, or guided only by reason, is very vulnerable.
Using the example of Bazarov, Turgenev showed us the conflict of reason and feeling. On the one hand, Bazarov rejected poetry, beauty, love, and on the other hand, he could not resist true love.
Reason and Feeling in the work Fathers and Sons can be considered using the example of the main character Bazarov.
At the beginning of the work, we see how confident Bazarov is that we need to live by reason, weigh everything and put it on shelves.
But to young man Feeling comes and everything changes, he cannot understand this transformation with his mind and loses his dogmas.
It really seems like it’s easier to live with Reason, more correct or something.
But it’s really boring and life becomes completely worthless, since the mind calculates our whole life in advance. Boredom.
But when emotions and feelings appear, then you understand how good life is, how valuable it is and how you want to live on.
Feeling and reason are constantly in conflict with each other. Sometimes there are moments when sensuality takes precedence over rationality. In this case, the mind whispers one thing, and the feelings are completely different. like this conflict situation was well described by I. S. Turgenev in his work Fathers and Sons. The main character of this work, Evgeny Bazarov, was a nihilist and denied music, poetry, and love. But after meeting Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, he suddenly developed feelings that came into conflict with the mind of a nihilist. Unexpectedly for himself, he realized that there is love, poetry, music, and beauty in the world. For him, this discovery turned out to be a painful ordeal. The mind said one thing, but the feelings were completely different. He rushes about, everything falls out of his hands and life seems unbearable to him. And all this happened because his mind was in discord with his feelings and the harmony necessary for happiness was disrupted.
The most striking argument in the essay Reason and Feelings based on the novel Fathers and Sons is the hidden love of Bazarov, who denied everything in the world (with his mind), for Odintsova. Bazarov is a man who lived all his life at the behest of his own mind, who called subordination to feelings nonsense, but when a conflict occurred between his with your own feelings and the mind, the winner was clearly the first, emotional side.
So no matter how a person concludes with his mind that feelings are weakness, sooner or later this weakness can overpower even the most strong-willed, thinking man, which Bazarov considered himself to be.
Of course, what was written is not enough for an essay, but you understand the argument. Good luck!
When writing an essay based on the work of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev Fathers and Sons on the topic of Reason and Feeling, it is worth carefully considering the work and understanding the opposition of these driving forces.
They can be called driving forces person. These forces can work together and also oppose each other.
In Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons, the main character is Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov, who by his nature denies and refutes everything, including love. For him, love is nonsense, unforgivable nonsense.
But all his views change when he meets Anna Odintsova. His mind tries to prevail over his feelings. It is difficult for him to accept feelings, since previously he was guided by reason and cold reason.
But as a result, feelings overcome reason, gaining the upper hand.
It's visual shining example that we and our lives are guided by two forces, magicana. Most often, deep and sincere feelings are stronger than reason.
Does reason or feelings rule the world?
Reply to this complex issue Russian literature was of interest to many writers who tried to find the answer in their works. Both reason and feeling are two sides of life that must be united for the correct perception of this world. In society, a person cannot adhere to only one opinion, as this inevitably leads to death. A clear confirmation of this is Ivan Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco,” where the author decides not to give a name to the main character of the story. After reading this work, it becomes clear why the author uses this technique. Bunin shows that there are many people like his hero in any society.
The whole life of the character from Bunin’s story boils down to the fact that he was able to earn a lot of money, which in the end of the story does not bring him any happiness. Little is known about the hero himself: he has a family where there is no love, he is calculating, ugly-looking, and does not think about anything but money. Talking about his hero, about his journey, the author does not say a single word about what feelings his character experiences. The reader simply does not see the soul of the rich gentleman, does not see any of his emotions. In the foreground of a rich millionaire there is only calculation and common sense, that is, the mind.
But is the hero happy? Rich and wealthy, the main character of Bunin's story, even when dying, does not experience the most important thing in his life. The gentleman from San Francisco could not be happy, he does not know the joy of the feelings that overwhelm his chest and does not know at all what happiness is. He is not even free, since he becomes a slave to enrichment and is always under the power of money. He has no real meaning in life; accordingly, he does not live, but exists. But are there people in this story who live in an emotional world and for whom feelings are the meaning of life? Yes, these are mountaineers who see nature and enjoy communicating with it. They are free, and this state causes them numerous emotions. Independent and free, they can simply be themselves, and this is what real meaning life for these people.
According to the narrator, only the person who does not depend on material wealth, is not a hypocrite, and for whom feelings come first can be happy. Famous writer E. Remarque argued that reason is given to a person to understand that:
“You cannot live by reason alone. People live by feelings."
So what rules our world? A person needs to live in such a way that, guided by reason, he can experience the full range of feelings. And only then will a person, having achieved harmony, be happy, and his life will have deep meaning.
Difficult choice between head and heart
The most difficult choice can be considered a person’s choice between reason and feelings. Life often creates situations for us when we need to do definite choice and you can only do it yourself. This is a solution for everyone specific person at that moment it will be the most correct. For this, it is enough to recall Ivan Bunin’s story “The Caucasus”. In it, the author shows that, sometimes, the feelings of one person can greatly affect the life of another person and even destroy them. main character runs away with the man she loves. But her happiness leads to the death of her husband. The young woman does not even think that her husband also has feelings that he loves her. She, obeying her passion, destroys them life together, which leads to the death of a person who simply cannot live without it.
The fleeting infatuation of his wife, the betrayal of his beloved, knocks a man out of the ordinary course of life. Bunin gives detailed description his thoughts, which lead to him deciding to kill himself. A detailed description of the last hours of the hero’s life in the reader’s soul evokes a storm of emotions. Having made a terrible decision, he swam in the sea, shaved, changed his clothes clean linen, jacket, had breakfast, he did not deny himself pleasures: a bottle of champagne and coffee, a cigar. And only then did he return to his room, where on the sofa he shot himself in the head with two revolvers, without giving himself the slightest chance.
The author shows that the main character had no other way, since it is difficult to survive betrayal loved one, and it is impossible to live a life that now has no meaning, it has simply become empty and lonely. Having received his happiness and lost it, according to the author, he no longer has anything to live for. The pain for Bunin's hero is so strong that only death can relieve him of it. But, according to the narrator, only those who have strong will and steadfast determination. The reader feels compassion for the death of an officer due to his wife’s infidelity. But in a complex and difficult choice between reason and heartfelt feelings main character chooses feelings. There is no point in life without them for this person.
The world of feelings in the works of Bunin
The main character of the story “Dark Alleys” is a landowner who one day seduces Nadezhda, a young peasant woman. But since the woman was no equal to him, he forgets about her with a light heart. And when many years have already passed, this landowner, who became a military man, comes to these places. He recognizes Nadya as the owner of one of the huts. Ivan Bunin shows all the subtleties of the characters’ inner experiences. Even their conversation does not contain information so much as feelings are invested in their experiences. Each of them remembers those moments of youth when they were happy.
It turned out that Nadya lived alone all her life, remembering the love she had for the landowner. But she also cannot forgive him. And now this feeling of resentment prevents her from being happy. But the main character of the story is also unhappy, since his wife, whom Nikolai Alekseevich madly loved, cheated on him and left him. And this story of two lonely hearts does not end happy marriage. The author deprives his characters of happiness, since there is no longer passion. The theme of love in this work is the main one. The narrator showed that experiences, that is, feelings, are stronger than the mind.
Another example is Bunin’s story “Sunstroke”. In it, the author shows how strong love is in the life of any person. A touching and fleeting romance between a married woman and a lieutenant who met by chance on a ship. The passion and love they experienced is similar sunstroke. One night spent together, and the rest of their lives, where they will never meet again - this is the basis of the plot. For some time the hero worries that his life, which was blinded by true love, has again lost its meaning. But he tries to come to terms with this loss and continue to live, remembering the miracle that happened to him. But he does not have to experience such emotions, such intensity of feelings again.
Reason in the works of Bunin
A person does not live only in the emotional and sensory world, he has the right to choose between the heartfelt and the mind. And such a choice faces a person all his life. So what should you choose: reason or feelings? Everyone makes their own choice and then bears responsibility for it. And the consequences can be very different.
In Bunin's work "Clean Monday" the main character does not have a name. In the text, the author always uses the pronoun “she” when talking about the character. And the same interesting characteristic he gives his heroine without a name:
Strange.
Silent.
Unusual.
Alien to the entire surrounding world.
Not seeing and not perceiving this world around him, but looking, as it were, through it.
I was thinking about something all the time.
She looked as if she was trying to understand something in her thoughts.
She was often thoughtful.
She loved to visit old cemeteries, monasteries, and loved to go to church.
Her favorite pastimes were going to the theater and restaurants, and she also loved reading books.
She loves secular society.
Such a contradictory characterization was given by the author in the story. She often thinks about how much her closeness to the spiritual world will help her find peace of mind. The main character of Bunin's story could not find harmony in her soul, which was somehow disturbed. This affected her mind, which felt like it was torn apart. Trying to find something whole that can help her find harmony, she turns to God, hoping that serving him will help her.
The world around seems unreal and untenable to the young woman. Even love for a young man cannot keep her in this life. For the main character, love is not the meaning of life, but only some kind of addition to it. IN clean monday a girl without a name goes to a monastery. She knew that this world was not suitable for her life, and being the wife or bride of an earthly person was also not destined for her by fate. Therefore, she chooses to become the “eternal” bride of God. And she has her own path, where reason dominates over the world of feelings.
So, anyone living is faced with a choice. And this one Difficult choice you need to do it yourself.
