The Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Bob Dylan. Nobel Prize for Literature. Dossier Nobel Prize in Literature

Nobel Prize 2016: The winners will be announced this week. The Piter.TV channel monitors developments and updates the list of the best scientists on the planet.

Today, October 3, the so-called “Nobel Week” officially opened in Stockholm. From this day until the end of the week, October 10, the attention of all the world's media will be focused on the life of the usually calm Swedish capital. Here, in the hall of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, awards will be presented to all Nobel Prize laureates for 2016. The Piter.TV channel has collected all the important and relevant information on this topic in one material. Here you can find out how this year’s prize differs from all previous “Nobel weeks”, you can follow the schedule of the main scientific event of the year, and find out whether our scientists have a chance of triumph. And most importantly, online we will update the list of laureates in all 5 categories.

About the history of the Nobel Prize

This year the Nobel Prize is awarded for the 120th time. The awards will be distributed in 5 classic categories: physics, medicine, literature, chemistry and peace. As always, no one except the members of the Nobel Committee knows the names of the candidates for victory. This list will be made public only after 50 years. Many scientists find this situation offensive: after all, this year alone, 376 nominees were included in the “golden list”. However, only a few will know about their triumph and it will happen very soon...

Nobel Prize 2016 Schedule

Nobel week began on October 3 with the presentation of the “eternal prize” in physiology and medicine The same one that was conquered by Ivan Pavlov and Ilya Mechnikov in the last century. Alas, now our medical science is not experiencing best time. So the prize once again went to a more developed country - Japan. The award was won by 71-year-old researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi. The wording of the award sheet speaks for itself: “for the discovery of the mechanism of autophagy.” We will tell you more about the merits of the wise Japanese below in the section about the award winners. Now let's get back to the awards ceremony schedule.

Less than a day later, on October 4, in the same the hall will take place honoring the owner Nobel Prize in Physics. Experts call this nomination the most unpredictable and competitive. It can be received by space researchers, theoretical physicists, and even mathematicians (for whom, as we remember, there is no separate award). Perhaps this is one of the few areas of the competition where Russians who are for last years made several high-profile discoveries.

The next Nobel Prize presentation will take place on October 5: we are talking about the prize for his contribution to the development of chemistry. In this category, the real hegemons are scientists from the United States. Thus, the authors of all kinds of Internet sweepstakes for the Nobel Prize give preference to American researchers who were able to find a theoretical mechanism for editing the gene of humans and animals. In practice, this could give humanity a real “cure for old age” or a park Ice Age. Several groups of scientists worked on the discovery at once, so the intrigue in this category still remains.

In another day, on October 7, it will be Nobel Peace Prize awarded. The most controversial nomination will find out its winner not in Stockholm, but in Oslo. However, this is not a feature of the 2016 award, but a tradition. The most politicized award since its inception is presented in Norway in the presence of members of the local royal family. This year, a record number of applications were submitted - more than 200. According to rumors, among the possible applicants there was a place for Donald Trump, Edward Snowden and even the Afghan women's cycling team. No, it is not the Nobel Committee that is so omnivorous and indiscriminate. It’s just that this is the only nomination for which any citizen and any organization can apply.

The last nomination this year is outside the “Nobel week”. Literature Prize will be awarded only on October 13, which, however, will not lower its status. Tradition dictates that writers be awarded last, in the first quarter after Nobel Week. Last year the award went to Belarusian Svetlana Alexievich. This reduces the chances of Russian authors to win: usually the Nobel Committee tries not to give the same medal to representatives of the same continent in a row.

Nobel Prize laureates 2016 (winners)

Winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Medicine and PhysiologyAnd- Yoshinori Osumi (Japan). 23 years ago, in 1993, he made his historic discovery. The Japanese saw, proved and explained the connection between the gene and the process of autophagy in cells. It's about about the work of lysosomes, which destroy cell elements that become unnecessary. Sometimes destruction occurs for reasons that are incomprehensible to logic: lysosomes also kill working elements. Yoshinori Ohsumi explained the influence of the gene program on the course of autophagy, which gave other researchers the opportunity to take up the work of deciphering the “code of aging.” To this day, they believe that cells can be forced to stop self-destructing. And this can seriously extend the life of the average person.

Winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics - scientists David Towless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz from the USA. The prize was awarded for the discovery of topological transitions and topological phases of matter.

2016 Nobel Prize Laureates in Chemistry- Jean-Pierre Savage, Fraser Stoddart and Bernard Feringa for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.

Nobel Peace Prize 2016 received by Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos. The prize was awarded for ending the long-term conflict with the far-left radical group FARC.

Nobel Prize in Economics awarded for contract theory to those living in the USA Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström.

The 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature went to Bob Dylan for his contribution to the development of musical lyrics. The author of dozens of rock hits became the first writer-musician to receive this award.

The list will be updated

He was honored for "creating a new poetic expression within the great American song tradition"

American musician Bob Dylan

Moscow. October 13. website - A 75-year-old man received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016 American musician and singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, announced Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy Sarah Danius.

She said he was honored for "creating a new poetic expression within the great American song tradition." Danius called Dylan a great English-language poet, noting that his work "must be read."

According to a survey on the Nobel Prize website, 71% of its visitors are familiar with the lyrics of the American singer's songs.

Bob Dylan (real name Robert Allen Zimmerman) was born on May 24, 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota. His ancestors were Jews, immigrants from the Russian Empire.

Besides musical activity, Dylan is also known as an artist and film actor. Many of his songs, such as Blowin' in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin', became anthems of the movement. civil rights and the anti-war movement in the USA. The musician's latest, 37th studio album, entitled Fallen Angels, was released in May of this year.

In 1988, Bob Dylan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In April 2008, he received the Pulitzer Prize "for his significant influence on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of exceptional poetic power." He was also awarded the Presidential Award, one of the highest civilian awards in the United States.

The Prize for Literature was the last Nobel Prize to be awarded this year, as the ceremony to announce the winner was previously delayed due to the Nobel Committee's schedule.

Last year, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Soviet and Belarusian writer "for her polyphonic work - a monument to suffering and courage in our time."

List of candidates for the literature award last moment are kept secret. The names of the nominees can only be disclosed 50 years later.

In the entire history of the Literature Prize, that is, since 1901, five Russian writers and poets have received it: Ivan Bunin (1933), Boris Pasternak (1958), Mikhail Sholokhov (1965), Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1970) and Joseph Brodsky ( 1987).

Nobel laureates 2016

Previously, the Nobel was awarded to 71-year-old Japanese scientist Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries in the field of autophagy. The prize was awarded to David Thoules, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz with the wording: “for theoretical discoveries in topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.” The award went to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Bernard Feringa and Fraser Stoddart for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.

This year's Nobel Prize was awarded to Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, who signed a peace treaty that ended more than 50 years of conflict. civil war in the country.

The Nobel Prize (Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel) went to the British economist Oliver Hart and the Finnish economist Bengt Holmström for their contribution to the development of contract theory.

Award ceremony

The award ceremony will traditionally take place in Stockholm on December 10, the day of the death of the founder of the Nobel Prizes, Swedish entrepreneur and inventor Alfred Nobel (1833-1896).

Nobel Prize laureates in 2016 will receive 8 million Swedish kronor (about $931 thousand). Converted at current exchange rates, the award is less than a million dollars.

Bob Dylan (left)

American poet and singer Bob Dylan won the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature. The award was presented with the wording: “for the creation of new means of poetic expression within the framework of the great American song tradition.” The announcement was made at a ceremony in Stockholm, home of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awards the prize. The announcement of the winner is broadcast live on the Nobel Committee website. The corresponding statement is posted on the website of the Nobel Committee.

Bob Dylan was born in 1941 in Minnesota. In his youth he played in youth groups, and gradually his interest focused on American folk music and blues. At that time, one of his idols was folk singer Woody Guthrie. Dylan was also influenced by the poetry of Anglo-American modernism. In 1961, Dylan moved to New York, where he began performing in cafes and clubs. There he recorded his debut album"Bob Dylan" (1962). He subsequently released several more albums that had a significant impact on modern pop music: Bringing It All Back Home, Highway 61 Revisited (both 1965), Blonde On Blonde (1966), Blood On The Tracks "(1975).

Real glory came to Dylan after a series of his tours in 1965 and 1966. At the same time, collections of Dylan's poems began to be published. Other literary experiences of the writer include “Tarantula” (“Tarantula”, 1971), the collection “Writings and Drawings” (“Writings and Drawings”, 1973). In 2004, Dylan's autobiographical work, Chronicles, was published. In the late 1980s, Dylan toured a lot - one of his tours was called the “Never-Ending Tour”.

For my creative career Dylan received twelve Grammy statuettes, with three in 1998, for the album “Time Out Of Mind” and the song “Cold Irons Bound” (in the categories “Best Album of the Year”, “Best Contemporary Folk Rock Album” and “ Best male rock vocals"). In 2001, Dylan was awarded an Academy Award for the composition “Things Have Changed” for the film “Wonder Boys” starring Michael Douglas. leading role. In April 2008, the musician and performer was awarded the prestigious Pulitzer Prize with the wording “for outstanding influence on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of exceptional poetic power.”

Dylan has long acquired cult status not only in America, but throughout the world, the number of super-popular hits he created is in the dozens, and his music and lyrics have influenced many modern and deceased musicians, including such as John Lennon, Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton and others K characteristic features Dylan's creativity, in addition to the musician's commitment to the traditions of American folk music, includes serious work with texts - Dylan was the first major musician modern America who made popular song a means to talk about serious social issues.

In 2016, the announcement of the laureate was delayed for a whole week. Usually, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature becomes known the same week that the winners in the scientific categories are announced. According to Per Vastberg, a member of the Royal Swedish Academy, this year's delay is not, as many people think, due to any disagreement about the winner - it's all about the peculiarities of the current year's calendar. Typically, academics discuss the literature prize on four consecutive Thursdays, starting with the penultimate one in September. There were five Thursdays in September 2016, rather than the usual four, and the penultimate one fell on September 22. Because of this, the whole process was delayed a week.

The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, consisting of 18 permanent members. Selecting the next winner takes a whole year. The process of nominating nominees (usually there are about 200) lasts from September to the end of January, after which, for two months, the Nobel Committee for Literature (4-5 people) selects the most worthy ones in order to form a “longlist” of 15-20 candidates in April, whose work other academicians become familiar with. In May, a shortlist of five candidates is approved. During the summer, academicians closely study their work and in September begin final episode of four weekly meetings. At the last of them, the best candidate for the award is determined by voting. As a rule, the next Nobel laureate in literature learns about his victory half an hour before the public announcement of it.

Last year, a writer from Belarus, Svetlana Alexievich, won the Nobel Prize in Literature. She was awarded the prize for her “polyphonic work - a monument to the suffering and courage of our time.” Alexievich is known as the author of documentary prose in Russian - books such as “War has no woman's face"(1984, memoirs of women who passed through the Great Patriotic War), “Zinc Boys” (1989, memoirs of veterans of the war in Afghanistan), “Chernobyl Prayer” (1997, about veterans of the liquidation of the Chernobyl disaster), etc.

The founder of the prize, Alfred Nobel, was fond of literature from his youth, read in several languages, collected a large library, and later years I tried to write my own life. In his will, which determined the conditions for awarding the prize, Nobel ordered that an annual award be given to “the person who created the most significant literary work of an idealistic orientation.” The first Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded in 1901 to the French poet and essayist Sully Prudhomme.

Dmitry Ivanov

The 2016 winner was American singer Bob Dylan. The winner's name was announced in Stockholm Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The award was presented to Dylan with the wording “for creating new poetic forms within the great American song tradition." Eight years ago, in 2008, Bob Dylan received Pulitzer Prize"for his outstanding influence on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of exceptional poetic power." The future musician was born in Minnesota in 1941. He began writing poetry and playing in a school ensemble at the age of ten. And the debut album called "Bob Dylan" released in 1962.

The names of candidates for the award are kept secret and announced only after 50 years. However, bookmakers traditionally name the favorites for the Nobel race. This year's five potential winners included Kenyan author Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, Japanese Haruki Murakami, Syrian poet Adonis, Americans Philip Roth and Don DeLillo. Bob Dylan was not among the favorites, and the British bookmaker was betting on his victory Ladbrokes on the eve of the announcement of the winner's name, it was accepted at odds of 16/1.

The Nobel Prizes are traditionally awarded during one week in October. But this year the schedule for announcing the name of the literature laureate was disrupted for the first time. Representatives Swedish Academy have already stated that the delay was due to work Nobel Committee, which this year met for discussion only in mid-September. Every year during the spring the Academy determines a list of the 20 most worthy writers. It is then narrowed down to five candidates, from which the Nobel laureate is selected in the fall.

In 2015, for the first time in 28 years, the winner Nobel Prize in Literature became a Russian-language author. The award was received by Svetlana Alexievich “for her polyphonic creativity, which has become a monument to suffering and courage in our time.” Alexievich writes in Belarusian and Russian. Her most famous works are “ War does not have a woman's face", "Zinc Boys", "Chernobyl Prayer". Svetlana Alexievich became the 14th woman in history to be awarded Nobel Prize.

Haruki Murakami

2016 Nobel Prize nominee:
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o

American musician Bob Dylan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016. The name of the award winner was announced on October 13 by the Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy, Sarah Danius.

The prize was awarded to Bob Dylan with the wording “for creating a new poetic language in the great American song tradition.”

Bob Dylan started musical career in the late 1950s and became known as a folk musician who drew on traditional American music. In 1965, Dylan released his first electric album, Bringing It All Back Home, which initially caused protests among his fans, but then became a recognized classic. Dylan is considered one of the main protest musicians of the 1960s and one of the most important folk singers in US history. According to the magazine Rolling Stone, Bob Dylan ranks second on the list of the most influential artists in music history.

Bob Dylan is the winner of 11 Grammy, Golden Globe and Oscar awards. He received his last two awards for the song Things Have Changed, written for the film Geeks by Curtis Hanson (2000).

In 2015 she received the Nobel Prize in Literature Belarusian writer Svetlana Alexievich.

The Nobel Prize's monetary award is approximately $900,000.

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