Robespierre embankment has been renamed. Robespierre embankment. Memorial to the Victims of Political Repression and Monument to Anna Akhmatova

Robespierre's St. Petersburg embankment is located on the left bank of the Neva and stretches from Smolnaya embankment to Liteyny Ave.

In the second half of the 19th century, when construction of this section of the Neva bank had just begun, the embankment began to be called Voskresenskaya, linking this name with the Resurrection Smolny Cathedral. In 1916, Voskresenskaya embankment was renamed Belgian. It was a political gesture. During the First World War, Russia sought to emphasize its allied loyalty. And already in 1923 the embankment was given its current name. It is named after Maximilian Robespierre, one of the leaders and ideological inspirers of the Great french revolution. By the way, an irreconcilable fighter against real and imaginary enemies of the revolution.

The Robespierre embankment has its own rich history. It was built and rebuilt, making it more modern and in keeping with the spirit of the times. She was getting prettier and younger. For example, a very successful solution was the construction of a wide staircase and viewing platforms opposite Chernyshevsky Avenue.

But the greatest resonance was caused by the relatively recent acquisition of the Robespierre embankment. This is a sculptural group consisting of two sphinxes. It is installed opposite the notorious Kresta prison. The statue is dedicated to the memory of those who became victims political repression. The author of the sculptures is M.M. Shemyakin. This famous sculptor created sphinxes, cast them in the USA and presented them to St. Petersburg. From the side that people walking along the embankment see, the faces of the sphinxes are young and beautiful. But the side that faces the Crosses represents a terrible, decayed face-skull. The unity of death and life in the face of the sculptures, in combination with the judge's wig on their heads, evokes a feeling of insecurity from the arbitrariness that affected many.

Between the figures of the sphinxes, right on the parapet, there is an image of a prison window covered with bars. Attached to the granite pedestals are copper tablets containing excerpts from the works of O. Mandelstam, N. Gumilyov, A. Akhmatova, D. Andreev, N. Zabolotsky, I. Brodsky, D. Likhachev, A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Bukovsky, V. Vysotsky , Yu. Galanskova.

A semantic continuation of the same theme is the monument to Anna Akhmatova, which was erected on the Robespierre embankment in December 2006. Even during her lifetime, in her own poems, the famous poetess expressed the desire that her monument, if erected, would be

«… here where I stood for three hundred hours,
And where they didn’t open the bolt for me».

This is how the poetess spoke about her stay in front of the Crosses, waiting for information, about her husband and son.

In addition to the Crosses, from the Robespierre embankment there is a view of the cruiser-museum "Aurora". And on the embankment itself in house No. 14 there is most interesting museum coffee.

How long has it been since you and I walked along the embankments of St. Petersburg? I am correcting this omission. I present to you a mini-walk along Voskresenskaya embankment. Which interesting places and what attractions await us here? Let's figure it out.

Let's start with the fact that the embankment was named Voskresenskaya in honor of the church on the corner of Chernyshevsky Ave. and Shpalernaya. In 1923 it was renamed the Robespierre embankment, but in 2014 it was returned to it historical name. Until now, in the minds of St. Petersburg residents he is perceived exclusively as Robespierre.

2. The embankment at Liteiny Bridge greets us with a far from tourist-like appearance.

3. There used to be a residential building here. Looked something like this:

photo from the site http://www.citywalls.ru/

4. In 2008, this is how it was dismantled. If money is not invested in restoration, then this fate could befall all historical buildings. Remained only in history now, the house of Stalinist neoclassicism. I haven’t yet found what will happen in the new place on the Internet. Does anyone know?

photo from the site http://www.citywalls.ru/

5. Aksenova’s apartment building and the barracks of His Imperial Majesty’s own convoy.

6. School No. 186, shining example Stalinist neoclassicism.

7. And what was the initial scope! First sketch. You can compare before and after. And why did they repaint it like this? green? Do you like the new green color?

photo from the site http://www.citywalls.ru/

8. Warehouses of the Shop Yard of the Goff Quartermaster's Office. I think everything is clear =))

9. Residential building of the archives of the Ministry of the Imperial Household (with a laundry and utility wing). Now it's just a residential building. Architectural style- eclecticism.

10. House of care for widows and orphans of the court clergy. What do you think of the name of the house?)

11. Historical view of the facade. The attentive reader will notice that the domes have not reached our time. True, you cannot live in houses with domes.

photo from the site http://www.encspb.ru/

12. Exact copy legendary "Poltava". The choice of installation location is a little strange. But in 2015, it was decided to erect a monument to the first battleship built at the Admiralty of St. Petersburg. It was installed on a pedestal so that vandals wouldn’t damage it, but if you want to walk around a virtual model of the ship, you can do it using your smartphone.

13. Oh, what a ship it was.

picture from the site http://yachtrus.com/

14. Tired? Then here's the house.

15. And another house.

16. Home again.

17. Home again.
Stop! Coffee museum? Since when did St. Petersburg become famous for its coffee? I have not seen any plantations in the Leningrad region. It turns out that this is the only “Coffee Museum” in Russia. Based on private collection Petersburg family and are trying to instill in the townspeople a love for this drink. The museum also has a barista school. Who even went to the museum? What is your opinion, is it worth going or not?

18. Residential complex "House on the Neva". Ordinary house, built in 2003. True, there is one “but”.

19. There is a park in the back of the house. There is a monument there - to Akhmatova. Why in this place? Firstly, she herself decreeed it in the poem "Requiem": ...here, where I stood for three hundred hours, and where the bolt was not opened for me. Secondly, opposite are the world famous “Crosses”, where her son was imprisoned.

20. Opposite the “Crosses” is not only Akhmatova, but also another monument to the victims of political repression.

21. The stone parapet in the form of a prison window is just a reminder, main part architectural monument Sphinxes. The youngest sphinxes in St. Petersburg, but they can scare children! Divided into a living half and a grinning skull, according to the artist’s plan, they should inspire horror. And the place was chosen well. Dead side to "Crosses", living side to Big House.

22. Continuation of the residential complex "House on the Neva"

23. And another residential complex overlooking the Neva. Who knows why these “holes” are in the building?)

24. And I would like to end our walk with Akhmatova’s poems:

And if ever in this country
They are planning to erect a monument to me,

I give my consent to this triumph,
But only with the condition - do not put it

Not near the sea where I was born:
The last connection with the sea is severed,

Not in the royal garden near the treasured stump,
Where the inconsolable shadow is looking for me,

And here, where I stood for three hundred hours
And where they didn’t open the bolt for me.

Then, even in the blessed death I am afraid
Forget the rumble of the black marusas,

Forget how hateful the door slammed
And the old woman howled like a wounded animal.

And let from the still and bronze ages
Melted snow flows like tears,

And let the prison dove drone in the distance,
And the ships sail quietly along the Neva.

Other walks along the embankments of St. Petersburg

Robespierre embankment- left embankment of the Neva from Vodoprovodny Lane to Liteiny Bridge. The numbering of houses goes downstream, towards the Liteiny Bridge.

Story

The embankment received its current name in the city in memory of Maximilian Robespierre. Previously, this embankment was called Voskresenskaya, named after the church located at the beginning of the 18th century on the corner of Chernyshevsky Ave. (formerly Voskresensky) and Shpalernaya Street. In the city, a 288 m section of the coast in the area of ​​Liteiny Prospekt was reinforced with a high vertical granite wall with two slopes. The rest of the embankment had no fastenings and the shore was a wide, flat strip. Embankment for a long time was intensively used as a platform for unloading and storing building materials and timber arriving in the city by water. Only after the flood of the city, already in - gg., according to the design of engineers B. D. Vasiliev, E. V. Tumilovich and under the leadership Engineer P.P. Stepnov landscaped the area up to Vodoprovodny Lane. This was the first post-revolutionary experience in building a two-tier lightweight unloading area. On the river side, the bank was reinforced with a wooden sheet piling with a concrete banquet. A paved slope abutted the banquet. Behind the edge of the slope there was an area 12 m wide, which was separated from the roadway with the sidewalk also by paving. With the reconstruction of the Liteiny Bridge, the old granite wall was rebuilt according to the design of architect Yu. I. Sinitsa and engineer L. A. Vilgrube. The section of the embankment adjacent to the bridge becomes a 2-tier wall with a staircase for passing under the bridge. Further major improvements to the embankment are taking place upstream. From to y.y. from house No. 30 to Chernyshevsky Ave., a high granite wall made of prefabricated blocks and a granite parapet fence were erected. In this area, due to the large depths (up to 5 m) in front of the wall, shell piles with a diameter of 0.6 m long up to 24 m. On the axis of Chernyshevsky Ave., a monumental ceremonial descent was built, decorated with two large granite balls on the lower platform. The authors of the project are Lengiproinzhproekt specialists, architect L. A. Noskov and engineers P. P. Ryazantsev, A. D. Gutzeit and B. B. Levin. B - g.g. upstream, the next section of the embankment, 680 m long, is being strengthened. This is a high granite wall with two similar slopes and a snow unloading overpass 102 m long. The final upstream section of the embankment, 134 m long, was built in the city.

Attractions

File:Robespierre embankment 30-34.JPG

Autumn 2007

Memorial to the Victims of Political Repression and Monument to Anna Akhmatova

Memorial to the Victims of Political Repression (one of the sphinxes)

Head of the Sphinx (part of the memorial “Victims of Political Repression”)

“Requiem” ends like this:

It was known as the Quai Robespierre. Whether it will be renamed or not - the answer to this question was of interest to both native St. Petersburg residents and those who moved to the city on the Neva not so long ago. Today the answer to this question is in the affirmative. The embankment was returned to its original historical name. On June 23, 2014, she again became Voskresenskaya. Let's take a closer look at what is remarkable about the embankment and its surroundings.

From the history of St. Petersburg

This area of ​​the city cannot in any way be classified as peripheral. However, it was built in a later era, when the city center had already been largely formed. The embankment received its historical name from the name of the Resurrection Church, which stood in the first half of the eighteenth century at the corner of Shpalernaya and Voskresenskaya streets. Today Voskresenskaya Street is known to St. Petersburg residents as Chernyshevsky Avenue. In 1923, the embankment was named after the prominent figure of the French Revolution, Maximilian Robespierre. For Soviet era there was nothing unusual in such a toponym. But after the city returned its historical name in 1993, the phrase “St. Petersburg, Robespierre embankment” began to sound somewhat strange. The public has often drawn attention to this circumstance, but changing the names of urban infrastructure facilities has traditionally been associated with significant financial costs and administrative difficulties.

Architectural features of the embankment

The Robespierre embankment began to acquire its current architectural appearance around the middle of the nineteenth century. The most important point here was the construction of the granite embankment of the Neva. Total length The retaining wall was 288 meters. Its construction was completed in 1852. The embankment had two staircases providing convenient access to the water surface. This made it possible for a long time to use it as an unloading area for river barges and storage of building materials intended for the construction of city blocks. In its final form, the Robespierre embankment was formed already in Soviet era. Many of its buildings have features characteristic of Soviet architecture pre-war period. The last large-scale reconstruction took place here in 1967. It was associated with the construction of the Liteiny Bridge and approaches to it. The Robespierre embankment passed under the bridge.

Some attractions

By St. Petersburg standards, the Robespierre embankment is not so rich in remarkable places. Until recently, St. Petersburg residents considered house 32 to be one of its undoubted attractions. Outwardly, this building is very characteristic of the Soviet historical era. It was erected in 1950 for employees of the nearby Big House, that is, the Leningrad Department of the KGB of the USSR. From its windows there was a magnificent view of the expanses of the Neva, the legendary cruiser "Aurora" and the famous Arsenalnaya embankment. But this building did not survive its era for long; in the nineties it was declared unsafe and demolished. Also, the only one in Russia in house number 14, next to the pier, is usually considered a city attraction.

Monuments

IN recent years Robespierre's embankment was significantly enriched with sculptural works. It opened here in 1995. Its author is a worldwide famous sculptor Mikhail Shemyakin. Sculptural composition consists of two sphinxes mounted on granite pedestals. They face not only the embankment, but also the famous Kresty prison on the opposite bank of the Neva. Many of those to whom this memorial is dedicated passed through it. On the pedestals of the sculptures there are copper tablets with sayings of poets, thinkers and philosophers. Thematically and figuratively, the monument to Anna Akhmatova located nearby, on Shpalernaya Street, echoes this memorial complex. It is also facing the “Crosses”. Many poetic lines of Anna Akhmatova are dedicated to this prison. IN different times her husband Nikolai Gumilyov and son Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov visited it. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova herself indicated the place for the monument to herself in one of her works; it was to be erected near the famous “Crosses” prison.

From a realtor's point of view

This bank of the Neva was the outskirts of the capital during the reign of Empress Catherine II. But currently the answer to the question of a real estate agency client: “Robespierre embankment... Which area?” may be unambiguous. This Central region St. Petersburg. And real estate on this embankment is in particular demand. This is one of the most expensive and prestigious areas of the city. There are simply no typical old-built St. Petersburg housing here. Most of the buildings, both facing the Neva and in the depths of the blocks, have undergone major repairs and redevelopment. The apartments meet the criteria for luxury real estate. Price square meter The living space here is quite high, but high demand indicates that many St. Petersburg residents would like to settle on this embankment for permanent residence.

Robespierre embankment, pier at house 14

Every year, walks along the waters of the Neva and the Gulf of Finland are becoming increasingly popular in St. Petersburg. Many have noticed that architectural ensembles of the northern capital look most advantageous from the deck of the ship. But river boats are no less in demand as entertainment venues. It has become fashionable to celebrate birthdays, weddings and various corporate events on deck. Against the backdrop of this trend, the pier at house number 14 on the Robespierre embankment has become a very significant element of the city’s tourist infrastructure. It is capable of receiving and servicing double-deck pleasure boats. The marina is convenient for those who want to take a ride along the Neva due to its location in the city center, and it is quite easy to get to.