Names for a boy in a Russian-Georgian family. Modern beautiful Georgian names

I am creating this post for myself as a reminder. I do not restrict access because Perhaps there is a person who has something to say on the matter. Please don’t write dirty and vile things, and I’m sick without you! who knows my situation will understand me....

Georgi-Georgi-The male name George has Greek roots and comes from the word “georgos”, which means “farmer”, “farmer”. By character, Georgy is a balanced, active, friendly and slightly cold-blooded person. As a child, he is usually slightly withdrawn, obedient and very clever boy who looks at the world through the eyes of an adult man.

Levani-Levan-Lev- This is the name in literal translation means white. From a very young age, Levan will grow up as a calm, balanced, incredibly friendly and always obedient child. This is practically the dream come true of almost all parents! He is always active and cheerful, very flexible and selfless, in addition, he easily finds mutual language with all peers, often avoiding quarrels and of course not creating conflicts.

Nodari-Nodar-"exceptional". People named Nodar are distinguished by their courage and independence. In childhood, this manifests itself in the form of pronounced self-will and excessive curiosity even for a child. With age, such a person acquires qualities that allow him to occupy a leading position in the team: determination, responsibility, resourcefulness, speed of reaction. He rarely needs support, but he himself provides it only to those in whom he sees real potential.

Temuri-Timur-means “iron”. The name Temur endows its owner with a character indicator that fits the definition of “a thing in itself.” Such a person is not particularly sociable even in childhood. Knowledge interests him only as a reflection of his own inner world. In 9 cases out of 10, the owner of the name Temur becomes a “class specialist” in any one field. But even then, his mastery is the logical conclusion of his internal search. And – the basis of self-satisfaction.

Amirani-Amir- a derivative of the name Amir “ruler”. Amirani (ამირანი) - in Georgian mythology - a god-fighting hero, main character epic "Amiraniani". The name Amiran symbolizes a person’s tendency towards continuous movement. “Egoza” and “fidgety” in childhood, it practically does not change with age: the love of changing places, the inability and unwillingness to appreciate stability in any form often become the cause of loneliness. But loneliness is not a burden. On the contrary, it is often perceived as an obligatory attribute of freedom, which is the only way of existence for such a person, the basis of motivation, a “fetish”.

Tariel-Tariel- rising Sun. Tariel values ​​friendship very much. This is a very reliable person who can be trusted. Tariel demands a similar attitude towards herself from the people around her. He communicates with many, but only allows a few into his personal territory - those of whose honesty of intentions he is absolutely sure. Betrayal and hypocrisy do not forgive. I am always ready to help people in trouble, and to support not only in word, but also in deed. “Summer” Tariel is very sociable and loves to argue. He always prefers to defend his point of view as the only correct one. He likes public Works, because they allow Tariel to feel that people need him.

Romani-Roman-Romeo(Romani is more often perceived as the feminine form of the name Roman-Roman, strong, strong). Somewhat closed and suspicious in childhood, Roman opens up in adulthood. He is characterized by sociability, he can captivate people with him, ignite them with his idea. Roman is capricious and always acts in accordance with his own considerations. Enterprising, in difficult situation maintains composure and ability to act. Roman's disadvantage is a lack of perseverance and patience. It is difficult for him to concentrate on something for a long time, he loses interest in the matter as soon as elements of routine appear in it. Failures do not frighten Roman; on the contrary, they give him sportive anger.

Roberti-Robert- The name is of ancient Germanic origin and means “Brilliant, unfading glory” (from the Germanic roots hrod, “glory”, and beraht, “brilliant, bright”). A sociable and good-natured boy. In childhood, the meaning of the name Robert is revealed by a certain isolation and poise. Looks like his mother, inherits from his father a strong character and hard work. Surrounded by many friends, endowed with an excellent sense of humor and wit. Generous and kind, good-natured and friendly. Often you become an unspoken leader in a company, without really trying to lead those around you.

Arturi-Arthur- The name Arthur is of Celtic origin. Translated as big bear.
Children named Arthur are calm and balanced - a great joy for parents. Their behavior is always excellent, everyone is happy with them and they do not cause any trouble. IN school time, their character begins to change, Arthur becomes a little hot-tempered and begins to show stubbornness. Externally and internally, they are very similar to their mother. Show interest in drawing and numismatics.

Alberti-Albert-Abo- The meaning of the name Albert is “noble”, “bright”. little Albert is usually an introvert, polite, sentimental, and delicate. This is a boy with developed intuition and rich inner world. Acquaintance with harsh reality can lead him to nervous shock, so parents should be attentive to his life problems. Albert is capable of selfless actions, but is a little proud and self-confident. This is a dreamy nature: during lessons at school, Albert, instead of solving mathematical problems, often mentally travels through the Amazon jungle. But at the same time, exact sciences are easy for him. Can become an excellent journalist, mathematician, teacher, bank employee. Albert is often fascinated by everything related to religion and the occult. An adult Albert may be hampered in life, including matters of the heart, by his indecisiveness and excessive sentimentality.

Ruslani-Ruslan- meaning - lion. Ruslan is not a very often used name. However, if the baby is christened this way, he will grow up to be a strong, healthy and self-confident boy. Ruslan's character has many traits inherent in a graceful lion. Ruslan is fearless, he clearly knows which path will lead him to his intended goal. He is beautiful from birth, and most often his appearance is the embodiment of natural beauty. male beauty and power. Ruslans are often interested in all kinds of strength sports. As a result of hard training, these men become impeccable handsome men and conquerors of women's hearts.

Igor-Igor- The name has Scandinavian origin from the word “var” and means “militancy, strength.” As a child, Igor tries to find a company in which he would constantly play. He can’t afford to change this company, because he wants to be a leader, but he doesn’t have the necessary qualities for this. Igor can understand problems very well, never panics, he is balanced, but makes high demands on others. Igor has the ability to become successful person and have a good career. He needs a guide showing general direction, but does not offer an exact route to follow. The best compass for him can be his mother. It is she who has that reserve of patience and the necessary approach to Igor to help him succeed.

Arseni-Arsen-Arseni- The male name Arseny has ancient Greek roots and means “courageous”. Boys with this name are kind in nature and do not cause much trouble to their parents. They study well and practically do not conflict with their peers. Arseny is very sensitive and vulnerable, sociable, however, at the same time, not everyone can be called a friend. They are capable of studying music, but they do this solely under pressure from their parents.

LUKA-Luka- the name Luke means "Light" or "Luminous One". The meaning of the name Luke for a child allows us to conclude that a person is naturally endowed with the gift of foresight; intuition allows him to make error-free decisions at the most crucial moments in life. This quality allows you to gain financial independence early. At first glance, the interpretation of the name is associated with a difficult character, this is a misconception, you just need to come to terms with its shortcomings, which are much less than positive qualities. Of particular importance is the opinion of the father, whom he tries to imitate in everything. Touching relationship with their mother cannot go unnoticed and evoke the admiration of others.

Oleg and Valentina Svetovid are mystics, specialists in esotericism and occultism, authors of 14 books.

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Georgian names

Georgian male and female names and their meanings

Georgia is a state in the South Caucasus, the capital is Tbilisi. Population – 4.5 million people.

The Georgian name book (name book) consists of large groups of names, due to the fact that throughout their history the indigenous peoples of Georgia closely communicated with the peoples of neighboring states - Russia, North Caucasus, Armenia, Iran, Byzantium, Arab Caliphate, Azerbaijan, Turkey, etc.

Georgian names include:

- names formed from common nouns. For example, Shota is fire, Angela is a snowflake.

- names borrowed from Perso-Arabic literature. For example, male Rostom, Bezhan, Givi are Georgian forms of the Iranian names Rustam, Bizhan, Giv.

- biblical names. Many names appeared among Georgians in connection with the spread of Christianity, starting in the 5th century. Bible names include Hebrew, Greek and Roman names. For example, Aviv, David, Giorgi, Ioane, Isak, Isidore, Mose.

- names Slavic origin (Vladimir and others)

- names from Western Europe: Albert, Maurice, Carlo, Eduard, Diana, Inga, Irma and others.

Georgian male names

Avtandil- the heart of the motherland

Auto- the heart of the motherland

Bijo- young

Vaja– courageous

Vaso– royal

Vakhtang- wolf

Vepho- tiger

Genatsvale- Friend

Gia– farmer

Gogi– brave

David- Darling

Kakha– from Kakheti

Mamuka- Sunrise

Revaz- ginger

Born– martyr

Shalva- world

Shota- fire

Shukri– farmer

Archil, Zurab, Dato, Levan, Tamaz (Tomaz), Irakli, Nodar, Guram, Givi, Otar, Gela, Gocha, Mamuka, Merab, Shalva, Tengiz, Teimuraz, Nuzgar, Malkhaz, Amiran, Sergo, Gia, Vasili, Iosib , Zviad, Badri, Iuri, Akaki, Ramaz, Anzori, Koba, Zaur, Omari, Grigoli, Kakhaberi, Kakha, Koto, Rezo, Jumberi, Murmani, Dato, Emzari, Soso, Valiko, Mzevinar, Murad, Zakaria, Manuchar, Andro , Leri, Grigoli, Petre, Vano, Jaba, Ruben, Jimsheri, Nukri, Vardo, Dzhambul, Jaba.

Georgian female names

Darico– gift of God

Kekela- beautiful

Lamara– sea

Manana- revealed to God

Mzia- Sun

Natela- Firefly

Nana- mercy, grace

Nino, Nina– Nin – god of fertility

Sofiko– wisdom

Suliko– sincere

Tatia– organizer

Tamriko (Tamara)– fig tree

Angela- snowflake

Eteri, Guliko, Ketevani, Natia, Khatuna, Lia, Nanuli, Rusudani, Makvala, Lela, Nona, Nani, Keto, Naira, Tamil, Eliko, Tsiuri, Katino, Sonia (Sona), Naziko, Taliko, Karine, Tamuna, Nutsa , Eliko, Pati, Gogutsa, Hanuma, Giuli, Nukri, Vardo.

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Georgian names. Georgian male and female names and their meanings

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Georgians in national clothes

In 1996, Avtandil Sigaladze and Anzor Totadze’s book “Personal and family names in Georgia". It presents data on the degree of distribution of personal names in the regions of Georgia. The appendix lists the 300 most common names. They are given in Georgian writing. I turned to the Georgian Embassy in Kazakhstan with a request to help me write down these names in Russian. I had an appointment. I arrived at the embassy mansion and, under the dictation of the cultural attaché, wrote down all these 300 names in Russian script. I will give these names:

It is easy to see that the above list, most likely compiled on the basis of address bureau data, ignores the linguistic connections between separate forms names As a result, names such as, for example, are presented as different Nina And Nino, Elene, Elena And Lena, Kakhaberi And Kakha, Irina, Irine And Ira etc. In other words, phonetic and spelling variations of the same names, full and abbreviated forms are given separately. That is, there are actually fewer different names in this list than the given forms.

The presentation of the material itself departs from the tradition accepted in scientific anthroponymy of presenting male and female names in separate lists (in the books, male and female names are given in one list - hence the difference in their number). But if you combine different shapes and I didn’t include variants of names, I separated male names from female ones and give them separately for greater convenience of users.

In this case, a number of names had to be separated into a separate subgroup. Among Georgians they are used both as male and female. Perhaps this third group of names can be supplemented from the remaining two groups of names. There are 131 in total on the list. male name, 162 female and 7, which are both male and female. As noted in the book, the list does not include residents of Abkhazia and South Ossetia (obviously, data for these two regions was not available to the author).

Georgian woman in national clothes

Of course, the given names do not exhaust the entire wealth of the system of personal names of the indigenous population of Georgia. But it allows you to see the main stages of the formation of a national name. The names from the list can be combined into several historical and cultural layers, the penetration of each of which to the Georgians is associated with historical stages people, country.

The most ancient layer is the names associated with the living languages ​​of Georgia, formed from common nouns understandable to the masses. For example: men's Bichiko'boy', Mgelika'wolf cub', Dzaglika‘puppy, doggy’, Chichiko‘little man’, female Gogol'young woman', Mzekala‘sun-maiden’, Cira‘red maiden’.

Some names of original origin arose at a relatively later time. For example, male Vaja‘courageous, man’ appeared as part of a pseudonym ( Vazha Pshelava) famous Georgian poet Luka Razikashvili (1861–1915). The grandfather of this poet was the first bearer of the name Imedi‘hope’, which has become popular among Georgians.

Some of the original names have been preserved for centuries and are still popular today (for example, male Badri, Mindia, women's Dali, Tsiala). The names of this group appeared in separate ethnographic groups Georgians (Khevsurs, Pshavs, Imeretians, Gurians, Mingrelians, Svans, etc.). Over time, some of them became nationwide.

Throughout their history, the indigenous peoples of Georgia closely communicated with the peoples of neighboring regions and states - the North Caucasus, Armenia, Iran, Byzantium, the Arab Caliphate, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Russia, etc. And all these contacts left an anthroponymic “trace” in the names of Georgians.

Significant contributions to the system of personal names of Georgians were made by Iran and the Arab Caliphate. The names were borrowed with the penetration of Perso-Arabic literature. Yes, men's Rostom, Bezhan, Givi– Georgian forms of Iranian names Rustam, Bijan, Giv, which were worn by the heroes of the Iranian epic “Shah-name”. The part of the epic in which these heroes act became especially popular among Georgians. Other names of this cultural-historical layer include men's Vakhtang, Zurabi, Muradi, Ramazi, women's Leila, Rusudani, Turpa. At the same time the name Vakhtang, known since the 5th century, is unfamiliar to the Iranians themselves.

Many Georgian names appeared in connection with the spread of Christianity (Georgians adopted Christianity already in the 5th century). These names are biblical (mostly Hebrew), Greek and Latin in their linguistic origin. Here are some of them: Giorgi, Grigoli, David, Ioane(from John), Isak, Mose(from Moses). The names of this group penetrated especially actively among Georgians after the annexation of Georgia to Russia (1801 - East Georgian Kingdom, 1804 - Imreti, Megrelia, Guria, 1810 - Abkhazia, 1858 - Svaneti).

After reunification with Russia, the Georgian Church lost its autocephaly (independence) for a century. The Georgian Church became part of the Russian Orthodox Church on the basis of the exarchate. However, soon there was either nothing left of autonomous rights, or only one form remained. Since 1817, bishops of Russian nationality were appointed exarchs in Georgia; Church property of Georgia was also transferred to the disposal of the Russian authorities (on March 12, 1917, after the overthrow of tsarism in Russia, the Georgians themselves decided to restore the autocephaly of their church). Joining the Russian Orthodox Church contributed to the fact that Georgians actively named children with names from Orthodox calendar. However, anthroponymic contacts between Georgia and Russia through churches were not one-sided. The Russian Orthodox Church included in its month the days of memory of a number of Georgian saints:

Men's: Abo, Aviv, Anthony, Archil, Bidzin, Gabriel, Gobron, Gregory, David, Eustathius, Euthymius, Zeno, Hilarion, Isaac, Ise, Isidore, John, Constantine, Luarsab, Michael, Neophyte, Pyrrhus, Razhden, Stefan, Dry, Tarichan, Shalva, Shio, Elizbar, Thaddeus
Women's: Ketevan, Nina, Tamara, Shushanika

Among those listed there are names completely unknown to Russian Orthodox before their inclusion in the month book ( Abo, Archil, Bidzin, Gobron, Laursab, Pyrrhus, Razhden, Sukhiy, Tarichan, Shalva, Shio, Elizbar; Ketevan, Tamara). Some correlated with names already present in the calendar: Ise And Jesse, Shushanika And Susanna. From this group of Georgian names (I do not take into account the names of Georgian saints that coincide with the names of Russian Orthodox saints - Anthony, David, Mikhail etc.) in the Russian environment only women’s Nina And Tamara. The popularity of these names in Russian families was facilitated by the works of M. Yu. Lermontov. True name Nina was known to Russians even without Georgians, but as an unofficial form of a number of official Orthodox names - Antonina, Domnina, Ansastasia. In the poem by A. S. Pushkin “Winter Road” lyrical hero, plunging into daydreams, reflects:

Boring, sad...
Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget myself by the fireplace...

Who is Nina, whose name is mentioned by the lyrical hero, remains unknown.

By tradition, the days of remembrance of the listed Georgian saints are still included in the calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Names of Slavic origin were also borrowed, in particular Vladimir. It is used by Georgians not only in full form, but in abbreviated form – Lado.

WITH late XIX and especially in the 20th century, names from Western Europe became widespread among Georgians, mainly through literature and cinema: Albert, Maurice, Carlo, Edward, Diana, Inga, Irma and others. Georgians did not remain aloof from the names of Sovietism (for example, Dictatorship, Communists).

Ending -O in a number of Georgian names (especially male ones - Andro, Dato, Lado etc.) represents a form developed in Georgian language vocative case.

In Russian texts, the names of Georgians are often given in an adapted form - not Giorgi, A Georgiy, Not Akaki, A Akakiy, Not Iuri, A Yuri, Not Vasily, A Basil etc. In general, the transfer of Georgian names using Russian written means creates certain difficulties. Thus, it is difficult to convey Georgian names containing the letters ა, ე. For example, in female namesან ა and თ ე ა at the end there is a letter corresponding to the Russian “a”. But should it be conveyed in Russian through “a” in both cases? If yes, then in this case it will be Ana And Thea. But in the Russian name book the spelling is more common Thea.

Similar questions arise when transferring names containing ე. In Russian it corresponds to both “e” and “e”. That is, is it necessary to convey the name of a Georgian woman in Russian as Ekaterine, Ekaterine, Ekaterine or stick to the adapted spelling Catherine?

Another question is whether to double consonants in Georgian names like Ana, Natela, Neli, which correspond to Russian names Anna, Natella, Nelly? There are no double consonants in Georgian orthography. If we take transliteration (letter-by-letter transmission of names) as the basic principle, then, of course, such a question will not arise - doubling consonants is inappropriate. But what about practical transcription?

I believe that in Georgia itself, the issues of written transmission of personal names and surnames into other languages ​​(including Russian) are the subject of research. At least in Soviet time for each of the written languages, transmission principles were developed geographical names on geographical maps. They could be taken as a basis for the written transmission of personal names and surnames.

Some work is also being done towards establishing the etymology of Georgian personal names. I can recommend the following publication:

Glonti A. A. Kartvelsky proper names. Dictionary of anthroponyms. Tbilisi, 1967 (in Georgian).

© A. I. Nazarov.

The anthroponymy of the Georgians reflected all the complexities of their historical path. The sources of the Georgian name book are very diverse. In conditions of close and long-term communication between Georgians and the peoples of neighboring regions and state entities(North Caucasus, Armenia, Iran, Byzantium, Arab Caliphate) foreign names were included in the Georgian anthroponymic “repertoire” in the traditions of local cultural and linguistic characteristics. The early adoption of Christianity from Byzantium brought church names which have become mandatory.

Names dating back to oral folk art, were distributed mainly among the masses and, as a rule, were not canonized, for example: male Mgelika “wolf cub”, Dzaglika “puppy”, “dog”, female. Mzekala "sun-maiden". To the names of this type include such as the still popular men's Badri, Mindia, women's Dali, Piala.

Most of them are a product of Georgian (Kartvelian) word formation itself. The fund of Georgian anthroponyms that existed in the past in certain ethnographic groups of the Georgian people (Khevsurs, Pshavs, Imeretians, Gurians, Mingrelians, Svans) is especially numerous; Over time, these names gained nationwide distribution.
A peculiarity of Georgian anthroponyms of foreign origin can be considered that they sometimes exist exclusively among Georgians. This is, for example, the history of the name Vakhtang, which arose in the 5th century and is associated with the Iranian cultural world, although it is completely unfamiliar to Iranians. During the developed Middle Ages, when close cultural contacts were established between the peoples of Transcaucasia and Iran, old traditions began to be revived in Georgia. Iranian names and penetrate new ones. And in this case we are faced with the peculiarities of borrowing names by Georgians. For example, husband. Rostom, Bezhan, Givi are Georgian forms of the Iranian names Rustam, Bijan, Giv, which are the names of the heroes of the Iranian epic “Shakhname”. These names, unusual for the Iranians themselves, became widespread among Georgians, since that part of the famous Iranian epic in which the named heroes act was especially popular among Georgians and even became part of their folklore (“Rostomiani”). With the penetration of Perso-Arabic literature into Georgia, still popular female names of Persian and Arabic origin began to be borrowed from it: Leila, Turpa.

Also in early middle ages were widely circulated among Georgians even now popular names of biblical and Greek-Byzantine origin: David, Isaac (Isaac), Mose (Moses), Ekvtime (Euphymius), Ioane (John), Giorgi (George), Grigoli (Gregory). However, here again we are faced with the peculiarities of Georgian borrowings. For example, the common female name Eteri comes from Greek word aither "ether". This word in the Georgian form - etheri - as a colorful epithet, is found in ancient Georgian literature. Thus, the name arose from “foreign material”, but received a purely local national connotation. (Eteri is the heroine of the famous medieval Georgian love epic “Eteriani”.)
Georgian names, especially male half-names, are often used in the form of the vocative case developed in the Georgian language, for example: Andro (from Andria), Dato (from David). Nicknames of a nickname nature have long been popular in Georgia: husband. Bichiko "boy", Chichiko "little man"; wives Gogol “girl”, Tsira “fair maiden”; metaphorical names such as Raindi “knight”, etc. It is even possible to establish the time of occurrence of some of them. For example, the first bearer of the now popular name Vazha “ courageous man"was the famous Georgian poet Luka Razikashvili, who had the pseudonym Vazha Pshavela (1861-1915). It is noteworthy that for the first time among Georgians the name Imedi “hope” was named by King Irakli II (1748-1796) by the grandfather of Vazha Pshavela, which marked the beginning of the popularity of this name among Georgians.
With the annexation of Georgia to Russia (1801), the penetration of Russian names and names popular in Russia into Georgian anthroponymy began. And again the borrowed anthroponyms receive a purely Georgian design. For example, the name Vladimir (Georgian Vladimeri), which became widespread in Georgia, in the half-name Volodya in Georgian began to sound like Lado.

By some names one can judge the conditions of contact between Georgians and Russians at the time of borrowing a particular name. Thus, the Georgian name Iagora penetrated into Georgia through live communication from Southern Russia, where it sounded in the form Yagor (from Egor - the Russian version of George).
Among the Georgian names there are many that testify to the connections of Georgians with neighboring peoples at various stages of their history - names of ancient Ossetian, ancient Vainakh (Vainakhs are the ancestors of modern Chechens and Ingush) origin, these include: Zaur from Saurmag “black-handed”, Tatash from Tatraz - one of the heroes of the Ossetian Nart epic, Jokola from the anthroponymic fund of the Ingush, etc. Quite a few names of Turkish origin are included in the Georgian name book, but one must keep in mind that Turkish names It was not the Turks themselves who spread among the Georgians, but the Laz, who from the beginning of modern times had taken the path of “Turkification” and who in Georgia were usually called “Turks.”

From the end of the 19th century and especially in the 20th century, as a result of Georgia’s accession to European culture The names of heroes of Western European literature are gaining wide popularity among Georgians: Albert, Maurice, John, Carlo. After the victory Soviet power in Georgia (1921) Georgians paid tribute general trend of that time: artificial anthroponyms appeared, which essentially never took root: Dictatorship, Communists. In the process of the struggle for peace, which took on a particularly widespread character after the Second World War, names like Omismteri “enemy of war” began to become popular.

It is extremely rare for men and women to have the same name ( Russian Vasily- Vasilisa, Valentin-Valentina). A rare, if not the only, exception can be considered the name Suliko “darling” (there is no category of grammatical gender in the Georgian language), which entered Georgian anthroponymy thanks to the famous song of the same name based on the words of A. Tsereteli (1840-1915).

The ethno-tribal diversity of the Kartvelians was primarily reflected in the Georgian families. For example, Georgian surnames the flat zone, as a rule, ends in its western half at -dze and in the eastern half at -shvili. These anthroponymic formants are known even in the most early period ancient Georgian writing and are translated as “son”, “descendant”. The surnames of the mountainous regions of Eastern Georgia - Pshavia, Tusheti, Khevsureti and some others - are characterized by the ending -uri, -uli. This formant, which generally plays an active role in the Georgian language, indicates territorial or clan affiliation. In Western Georgia and especially in such areas as Guria, Imereti, Adjara, the same -dze and -shvili have been preserved, as well as -eli, which plays the same role as -uri, -uli in Eastern Georgia. The Megrelochan subgroup has still preserved three anthroponymic formants -ishi (performing the same functions as -uri, -uli, -eli), -ava and -ia, for example: Jashi, Tandilava, Kiria. The last two suffixes are possibly of late origin, and their anthroponymic functions are not entirely clear. Typical endings for Svan surnames are -iani and -ani, for example: Kopaliani, Gulbani; the functions of these formants are the same as -uri, -eli, that is, they indicate territorial or clan affiliation.

February 7th, 2013

In 1996, the book “Personal and Family Names in Georgia” by Avtandil Sigaladze and Anzor Totadze was published in Tbilisi. It presents data on the degree of distribution of personal names in the regions of Georgia. The appendix lists the 300 most common names. They are given in Georgian writing. I turned to the Georgian Embassy in Kazakhstan with a request to help me write down these names in Russian. I had an appointment. I arrived at the embassy mansion and, under the dictation of the cultural attaché, wrote down all these 300 names in Russian script. I will give these names:

It is easy to see that the above list, most likely compiled on the basis of address bureau data, ignores the linguistic connections between individual forms of names. As a result, names such as, for example, are presented as different Nina And Nino, Elene, Elena And Lena, Kakhaberi And Kakha, Irina, Irine And Ira etc. In other words, phonetic and spelling variations of the same names, full and abbreviated forms are given separately. That is, there are actually fewer different names in this list than the given forms. The presentation of the material itself departs from the tradition accepted in scientific anthroponymy of presenting male and female names in separate lists (in the books, male and female names are given in one list - hence the difference in their number). But if I did not combine different forms and variants of names, I separated male names from female ones and give them separately for greater user convenience. In this case, a number of names had to be separated into a separate subgroup. Among Georgians, they are used both as male and female. Perhaps this third group of names can be supplemented from the remaining two groups of names. In total, the list contains 131 male names, 162 female names and 7 that are both male and female. As noted in the book, the list does not include residents of Abkhazia and South Ossetia (obviously, data for these two regions was not available to the author).

Of course, the given names do not exhaust the entire wealth of the system of personal names of the indigenous population of Georgia. But it allows you to see the main stages of the formation of a national name. The names from the list can be combined into several historical and cultural layers, the penetration of each of which among Georgians is associated with the historical stages of the people and country.

The most ancient layer is the names associated with the living languages ​​of Georgia, formed from common nouns understandable to the masses. For example: men's Bichiko'boy', Mgelika'wolf cub', Dzaglika‘puppy, doggy’, Chichiko‘little man’, female Gogol'young woman', Mzekala‘sun-maiden’, Cira‘red maiden’. Some names of original origin arose at a relatively later time. For example, male Vaja‘courageous, man’ appeared as part of a pseudonym ( Vazha Pshelava) famous Georgian poet Luka Razikashvili (1861-1915). The grandfather of this poet was the first bearer of the name Imedi‘hope’, which has become popular among Georgians. Some of the original names have been preserved for centuries and are still popular today (for example, male Badri, Mindia, women's Dali, Tsiala). The names of this group arose in separate ethnographic groups of Georgians (Khevsurs, Pshavs, Imeretians, Gurians, Mingrelians, Svans, etc.). Over time, some of them became nationwide.

Throughout their history, the indigenous peoples of Georgia closely communicated with the peoples of neighboring regions and states - the North Caucasus, Armenia, Iran, Byzantium, the Arab Caliphate, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Russia, etc. And all these contacts left an anthroponymic “trace” in the names of Georgians.

Significant contributions to the system of personal names of Georgians were made by Iran and the Arab Caliphate. The names were borrowed with the penetration of Perso-Arabic literature. Yes, men's Rostom, Bezhan, Givi- Georgian forms of Iranian names Rustam, Bijan, Giv, which were worn by the heroes of the Iranian epic “Shah-name”. The part of the epic in which these heroes act became especially popular among Georgians. Other names of this cultural-historical layer include men's Vakhtang, Zurabi, Muradi, Ramazi, women's Leila, Rusudani, Turpa. At the same time the name Vakhtang, known since the 5th century, is unfamiliar to the Iranians themselves.

Many Georgian names appeared in connection with the spread of Christianity (Georgians adopted Christianity already in the 5th century). These names are biblical (mostly Hebrew), Greek and Latin in their linguistic origin. Here are some of them: Giorgi, Grigoli, David, Ioane(from John), Isak, Mose(from Moses). The names of this group penetrated particularly actively among Georgians after the annexation of Georgia to Russia (1801 - East Georgian Kingdom, 1804 - Imreti, Megrelia, Guria, 1810 - Abkhazia, 1858 - Svaneti). After reunification with Russia, the Georgian Church lost its autocephaly (independence) for a century. The Georgian Church became part of the Russian Orthodox Church on the basis of an exarchate. However, soon there was either nothing left of autonomous rights, or only one form remained. Since 1817, bishops of Russian nationality were appointed exarchs in Georgia; Church property of Georgia was also transferred to the disposal of the Russian authorities (on March 12, 1917, after the overthrow of tsarism in Russia, the Georgians themselves decided to restore the autocephaly of their church). Joining the Russian Orthodox Church contributed to the fact that Georgians actively named their children with names from the Orthodox calendar. However, anthroponymic contacts between Georgia and Russia through churches were not one-sided. The Russian Orthodox Church included in its month the days of memory of a number of Georgian saints:

Men's: Abo, Aviv, Anthony, Archil, Bidzin, Gabriel, Gobron, Gregory, David, Eustathius, Euthymius, Zeno, Hilarion, Isaac, Ise, Isidore, John, Constantine, Luarsab, Michael, Neophyte, Pyrrhus, Razhden, Stefan, Dry, Tarichan, Shalva, Shio, Elizbar, Thaddeus
Women's: Ketevan, Nina, Tamara, Shushanika

Among those listed there are names completely unknown to Russian Orthodox before their inclusion in the month book ( Abo, Archil, Bidzin, Gobron, Laursab, Pyrrhus, Razhden, Sukhiy, Tarichan, Shalva, Shio, Elizbar; Ketevan, Tamara). Some correlated with names already present in the calendar: Ise And Jesse, Shushanika And Susanna. From this group of Georgian names (I do not take into account the names of Georgian saints that coincide with the names of Russian Orthodox saints - Anthony, David, Mikhail etc.) in the Russian environment only women’s Nina And Tamara. The popularity of these names in Russian families was facilitated by the works of M. Yu. Lermontov. True name Nina was known to Russians even without Georgians, but as an unofficial form of a number of official Orthodox names - Antonina, Domnina, Ansastasia. In the poem “Winter Road” by A. S. Pushkin, the lyrical hero, plunging into dreams, reflects:

Boring, sad...
Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget myself by the fireplace...

Who is Nina, whose name is mentioned by the lyrical hero, remains unknown.

By tradition, the days of remembrance of the listed Georgian saints are still included in the calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Names of Slavic origin were also borrowed, in particular Vladimir. It is used by Georgians not only in its full form, but in its abbreviated form - Lado.

Since the end of the 19th and especially in the 20th century, names from Western Europe have become widespread among Georgians, mainly through literature and cinema: Albert, Maurice, Carlo, Edward, Diana, Inga, Irma and others. Georgians did not remain aloof from the names of Sovietism (for example, Dictatorship, Communists).

Ending -O in a number of Georgian names (especially male ones - Andro, Dato, Lado etc.) represents a form of the vocative case developed in the Georgian language.

In Russian texts, the names of Georgians are often given in an adapted form - not Giorgi, A Georgiy, Not Akaki, A Akakiy, Not Iuri, A Yuri, Not Vasily, A Basil etc. In general, the transfer of Georgian names using Russian written means creates certain difficulties. Thus, it is difficult to convey Georgian names containing the letters ა, ე. For example, in female names ან ა and თ ე ა at the end there is a letter corresponding to the Russian “a”. But should it be conveyed in Russian through “a” in both cases? If yes, then in this case it will be Ana And Thea. But in the Russian name book the spelling is more common Thea. Similar questions arise when transferring names containing ე. In Russian it corresponds to both “e” and “e”. That is, is it necessary to convey the name of a Georgian woman in Russian as Ekaterine, Ekaterine, Ekaterine or stick to the adapted spelling Catherine? Another question is whether to double consonants in Georgian names like Ana, Natela, Neli, which correspond to Russian names Anna, Natella, Nelly? There are no double consonants in Georgian orthography. If we take transliteration (letter-by-letter transmission of names) as the basic principle, then, of course, such a question will not arise - doubling consonants is inappropriate. But what about practical transcription? I believe that in Georgia itself, the issues of written transmission of personal names and surnames into other languages ​​(including Russian) are the subject of research. At least in Soviet times, principles for conveying geographical names on geographical maps were developed for each of the written languages. They could be taken as a basis for the written transmission of personal names and surnames.

Some work is also being done towards establishing the etymology of Georgian personal names. I can recommend the following publication:

Glonti A. A. Kartvelian proper names. Dictionary of anthroponyms. Tbilisi, 1967 (in Georgian).