GOST rules for operating the playground. Playground survey
Playing game room, children have the opportunity to show dexterity, intelligence, and caution, but the game always involves risk, falls on and from the equipment, bruises, collisions, and getting stuck are possible. The need to ensure the safety of children is dictated by the statistics of accidents both on children's playgrounds and in playrooms and proves the priority of this area.
The main requirement for a children's playroom and all types of equipment in it is to ensure maximum safety, minimize the possibility of an accident, injury to the child or injury.
Most accidents in a children's playroom are the result of unsafe equipment design, improper layout of the play space, or improper operation of the equipment.
On September 12, 2003, through the efforts of the Department of Technical Regulation and Standardization, FSUE VNIINMASH and leading manufacturers of playground equipment, TK-455 was created.
Technical Committee for Standardization TC 455 “Equipment for Children playgrounds» is developing a system of safety standards for children's playground equipment.
Development and implementation of a set of standards for child safety gaming equipment is intended to become a regulatory framework for ensuring the required level of safety, calculation and testing methods, rules for the selection of materials and competent design, layout of all types of equipment, both on the playground and in the playroom, requirements for installation and maintenance during operation.
It should be especially noted that in our country there were no safety standards for children's play equipment. Started operating on July 1, 2003 the federal law“On technical regulation” dated December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ. According to this law, all standards, including safety standards for equipment for children's playgrounds, are voluntary.
Since the entry into force of the standards on July 1, 2004, it is planned to carry out voluntary certification of equipment for children's playgrounds and rooms. The development and implementation of a voluntary certification system will serve as an additional condition for ensuring the quality and safety of children's play equipment.
Here are some requirements for children's play equipment:
1 Equipment must meet the requirements:
International safety standards EN - 1176.
Russian standards:
GOST R 52169-2003. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods. General requirements;
GOST R 52168-2003. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for slides. General requirements;
GOST R 52167-2003. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for swings. General requirements;
GOST R 52299-2004. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for rocking chairs. General requirements;
GOST R 52300-2004. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for carousels. General requirements;
GOST R 52301-2004. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Safety during operation.
2 Each product must be accompanied by a technical passport, which must indicate: purpose, serial number, rules for safe operation and installation diagrams for assembling the product.
3 Children's play equipment must be installed taking into account Russian standards, age characteristics of children and include the following:
For children from 2 to 6 years old: houses, sandboxes, rocking chairs, carousels, small swings, mini slides, educational abacus elements, cubes with letters and pictures and more.
Bars, ropes, climbing vines, rings, monkey bars, slides with a height of 1.5 m to 2.5 m.
The supporting pillars of the products must be made of laminated wood, at least 100 mm x 100 mm in cross-section. Top part the racks should be closed with a plastic plug, and the rack should end with a steel, galvanized embedded part, 500 mm long.
The frame of the slide must be made of a profile pipe with a cross-section of at least 50 mm x 25 mm. The slide slope must be made of a single sheet of stainless steel, 2 mm thick. The presence of slide sides with a height of at least 120 mm is mandatory in order to prevent injury to children.
The equipment must be provided with a gaming element in the form of a mesh made of polypropylene rope with metal cores. The mesh clamps must be made of aluminum alloy.
Stairs of play complexes must be made of wood, with wooden steps, the upper surface of which is made of plywood.
It is prohibited to use angle steel in the manufacture of children's play equipment due to safety requirements.
4 Children's play equipment must meet the following safety requirements:
For children under 3 years of age, the permissible height of the playing surface is up to 0.6 m and the barrier height is up to 0.7 m;
For children over 3 years old, with a playing surface height of 1 to 2 meters, there must be a safety railing or barrier with a height of at least 0.7 m;
Climbing equipment should not be higher than 4 meters. Handrails must be completely covered by hand to support diameters of at least 33mm.
The equipment must be secured so that adults have access to help children inside the equipment;
In a play area located at a height, safety railings or barriers must be provided to protect children from falling;
The sizes of holes, tunnels, gratings, nets, etc. should not pose a risk of getting a child’s fingers, toes, or head stuck;
Protruding nuts and bolt edges must be covered with plastic plugs;
All embedded parts of equipment must be mounted on foundations;
5 Requirements for materials used for children's play equipment:
For the manufacture of wooden parts, coniferous wood with a moisture content of 7-10% should be used.
Wooden parts of the equipment must be carefully sanded and painted with professional two-component paints in the factory.
Steel parts and structures must be painted with powder paints, all fasteners and embedded elements are galvanized.
Equipment parts made of plastic must be constructed from high-quality plastic blanks and can withstand mechanical loads. At the same time, minimum fire safety requirements are provided, as well as impact strength and aging resistance of the plastics used. Particularly loaded surfaces must be sufficiently wear-resistant.
6 Requirements for playground equipment designs:
Strength and stability. The dimensions of the play equipment must be suitable for the forces encountered when using it as prescribed. In this case, the possibility of individual use of the equipment by adults is taken into account.
Protruding parts of equipment that could cause injury to children should not protrude onto the surface. This does not apply to parts of equipment that perform one play function, where this part is visible to children.
All kinds of holes and cracks must be closed to eliminate the danger of getting into them. various parts bodies. If holes and cracks cannot be closed or eliminated due to design, functional or production reasons, protection against injury can also be achieved by taking special measures.
Steps and crossbars. During descents and ascents, the steps and crossbars are firmly connected to the risers. This requires reliable connections of wooden parts, guaranteed against bending and shifting. Connections using nails or wooden bolts are not permitted.
Play equipment is designed so that the risk to children of all ages is obvious and foreseeable. It is impossible for equipment elements to create acute angles of less than 50%. Otherwise, these places are closed or screened. This applies to everyone play areas where there is a risk of grounding limbs or parts of clothing.
> General safety requirements for swings
In order to ensure that children can use swings as safely as possible without limiting the play's attractiveness too much, the following minimum design requirements for products for public playrooms are established.
Seating or standing hanging next to each other should be used independently of each other. In a multi-person swing, each child must be able to hold on.
The maximum permissible load of the swing is 2250 N per child. According to the manufacturer's instructions, the installed swing must not tip over when subjected to a static horizontal force of 100 N in place.
The seat is closed; the distance between the hangers must be at least 350 mm, the seat width must be a maximum of 500 mm, and the depth must be at least 120 mm. In addition, stopping devices must be provided. The distance of suspensions between attachment points should not be less than that of sitting or standing places.
The fall height should not exceed 2000 mm at any point in the swing zone up to a deflection of 60 0 . This means that the height of the swing, that is, the distance between the center of rotation and the playing plane, is limited to 3.6 m. For ease of use and safety, no more than two swings can be installed directly next to each other.
Object of construction inspection: equipment for children's playgrounds
Purpose of the survey: examination of the actual work performed on the installation of equipment for children's playgrounds in order to determine the quality for compliance with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documentation;
Characteristics of the object: the equipment of the children's playground includes a table tennis table, children's play complexes, exercise equipment, a slide, a single-section swing, a pendulum swing, a rocking chair, a gazebo and a rocking chair on a spring.
Children's playground examination
Inspection of building structures of buildings and structures is carried out, as a rule, in three interconnected stages:
- preparation for the examination;
- preliminary (visual) examination;
- detailed (instrumental) examination.
In accordance with the requirements of SP 13-102-2003, clause 6.1, preparation for surveys involves familiarization with the object of inspection, design and as-built documentation for the structure and construction of the structure, documentation on operation and repairs and reconstruction that took place, and the results of previous surveys. The expert carried out an external inspection of the interior, with selective recording on a digital camera, which complies with the requirements of SP 13-102-2003 clause 7.2. The basis of the preliminary examination is the inspection of the building or structure and individual structures using measuring instruments and devices (binoculars, cameras, tape measures, calipers, probes, etc.). The measurement work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 13-102-2003 clause 8.2.1 The purpose of the measurement work is to clarify the actual geometric parameters of building structures and their elements, to determine their compliance with the design or deviation from it. Instrumental measurements clarify the spans of structures, their location and pitch in plan, cross-sectional dimensions, height of rooms, marks of characteristic nodes, distances between nodes, etc. Based on the measurement results, plans are drawn up with the actual location of structures, sections of buildings, drawings of working sections of load-bearing structures and interfaces between structures and their elements.
The expert carried out a diagnostic examination of the equipment of children's playgrounds and determined the quality of the work performed in accordance with regulatory requirements. The examination was carried out using the method of measuring quality control of the work performed.
Conclusion on site examination
As a result of the diagnostic examination, the examination came to the conclusion that the work performed on the installation of equipment for a children's playground located in the courtyard of a residential building complies with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents, namely:
- GOST R 52167-2003 “Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for swings. General requirements";
- GOST R 52168-2003 “Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for slides. General requirements";
- GOST R 52169-2003 “Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods. General requirements";
- SP 53-101-98 “Manufacture and quality control of steel.
“MONITORING THE CONDITION OF CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT”
Basic definitions.
Equipment (children's playground) - equipment with which or on which children can play indoors or in outdoor playgrounds, individually or in groups, at their own discretion and according to their own rules.
Covering the children's playground - a section of the surface of a children's playground with dimensions no less than the child's landing zone, used in conjunction with equipment.
Note: the coating can be sand, soil, lawn, rubber, polymer, etc.
Child's free fall height - the maximum height from the supporting surface of the children's playground equipment from which a child can fall to the landing zone.
Note: supporting surfaces include surfaces on which a child can stand and access to which is provided (with a ladder, stepladder, ladder or other play element).
Child's landing zone - the area of the surface of a children's playground on which a child falls as a result of free fall.
Play area of the children's playground - the space of a children's playground in which equipment is installed and the safety of children is ensured.
Child getting stuck in playground equipment - a dangerous situation when a child's body, part of the body or clothing gets stuck in the structural elements of a children's playground equipment.
Hard to reach children's playground equipment equipment for a children's playground, the design of which specifically provides for restricting access to it for children of a specific age group.
Children's playground slide - equipment for a children's playground with an inclined sliding surface along which the child slides down under the influence of gravity.
Children's playground swing - children's playground equipment driven by a child whose mass is located below the hinge relative to which the swing occurs.
Children's playground carousel - children's playground equipment with one or more seat, rotating around a vertical axis, with an angle of inclination from the vertical of no more than 5°.
Children's playground rocking chair - children's playground equipment driven by a child or children, on which oscillatory movement is carried out in various planes.
Regular visual inspection of children's playground equipment - inspection of children's playground equipment to detect obvious dangerous defects caused by acts of vandalism, improper operation and climatic conditions.
Functional inspection of children's playground equipment - detailed inspection of the children's playground equipment in order to assess the working condition, degree of wear, strength and stability of the children's playground equipment.
Annual basic inspection of children's playground equipment - inspection of children's playground equipment, carried out at intervals of 12 months, in order to assess the compliance of the technical condition of the children's playground equipment with safety requirements.
Equipment for children's playgrounds
National standard Russian Federation GOST R 52301-2004 “Equipment for children's playgrounds. Safety during operation" defines the requirements for installation and installation, safety during operation of children's play equipment, and spells out the main points related to the control and maintenance of this equipment. Consequently, the installation and installation of children's play equipment must be carried out in accordance with the project, the manufacturer's passport, and regulatory documents provided by the manufacturer.
The manufacturer (supplier) provides a passport for the equipment in accordance with GOST 2.601 in Russian, and also, if necessary, in official languages subjects of the Russian Federation and the native languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation.
A passport is provided for a set of equipment or for equipment that can be installed separately and used as an independent unit (a children's play complex or a free-standing slide, swing, carousel, rocking chair, etc.).
A passport is not provided for equipment that cannot be installed separately and used as an independent unit (attached slides, ladders, etc.).
The passport must contain:
basic information about the equipment;
basic technical data;
completeness;
certificate of acceptance;
conservation certificate;
packaging certificate;
warranty obligations;
complaints;
storage information;
information on preservation and depreservation of equipment during operation;
recording of malfunctions during operation;
maintenance accounting;
repair information;
installation instructions;
rules of safe operation;
instructions for inspecting and testing equipment before use;
instructions for inspection, maintenance and repair of equipment;
special marks.
dimensions of the minimum space for placing equipment and safe distances from the equipment to the surface of the playing area;
installation procedure ( detailed instructions on installation and installation);
necessary symbols to facilitate assembly (for example, marks on assembly parts of equipment and detailed instructions);
a list of necessary special devices and tools for installation (lifting devices, templates, gauges, patterns, etc.), precautions during installation and installation;
torque values (if necessary);
dimensions of the site for installation of each type of equipment;
orientation of equipment and its elements in order to protect it from the influence of climatic conditions (sun, wind (if necessary));
requirements for foundations, description of the design and placement of the foundation, requirements for anchoring;
description of landscape features to ensure safe operation;
free fall height (to select a shock-absorbing coating);
requirement for painting or special impregnation of equipment or its elements;
requirement to remove installation tools and accessories before putting equipment into operation.
drawings, diagrams, diagrams, etc. necessary for inspection, testing and repair of equipment;
recommendations for regular inspection and maintenance, taking into account the materials used, operating conditions, level of vandalism, equipment service life, etc.;
indication of components and structural parts that require lubrication, tightening of bolts, tension of ropes, etc.;
indication of additional measures applied during the period of running-in and adjustment of equipment;
requirements for special processing of equipment or its elements (if necessary);
the requirement to manufacture replacement elements and parts according to the manufacturer’s specifications;
maintenance requirements for impact-absorbing playground surfaces, such as levels of bulk materials.
Injuries and damage on playgrounds occur due to various reasons. It is believed that the most severe consequences are caused by head injuries caused by a fall. Playground surfaces should reduce the risk of head injury. Materials that provide shock mitigation during a fall include; rubber plates, soft tile materials, mats, continuous synthetic coating, bulk materials.
Playground equipment for children's playgrounds must be certified, meet the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards, protect the life and health of the child, and be convenient in technical operation and aesthetically attractive. The safety of children's play equipment is ensured by the following regulatory documents: swings - GOST R 52167-2003, rocking chairs - GOST R 52299-2004. slides - GOST R 52168-2003, carousels - GOST R 52300-2004, cable cars - GOST R 54847-2011.
The requirements for the material of the equipment and the conditions for its processing are as follows:
wooden equipment must be made of hard wood with special treatment that has an environmental quality certificate and prevents rotting, drying out, fire, and chipping; must be polished, sharp corners rounded;
the metal should be used primarily for load-bearing structures of equipment, have reliable connections and appropriate treatment (moisture-resistant painting, anti-corrosion coating); It is recommended to use metal-plastic, which does not injure, does not rust, and is frost-resistant;
concrete and reinforced concrete elements of equipment must be made of concrete grade of at least 300, frost resistance of at least 150, and have smooth surfaces;
equipment made of plastic and polymers must have a smooth surface and a bright, clean color scheme colors that do not fade from exposure to climatic factors.
Safety requirements for the operation of playground equipment.
When organizing and equipping children's playgrounds (most often courtyards, intra-block ones), it must be possible to provide children with early age conditions for staged expansion physical activity and dynamism in order to acquire the habit of active life and sports activities.
Physical education and playgrounds for preschoolers and children younger age should be equipped with a variety of elements and equipment that reinforce the gradual increase in children's physical fitness, achieved in the process of games related to overcoming obstacles, warm-ups on apparatus, etc. This is facilitated by the numerous types of equipment currently produced for typical urban children's playgrounds. Many of them are designed for use by children in a wider age range, including children school age.
It is necessary to divide the area of the site of children's physical education and play facilities into zones according to age categories, allocating places for children from 1 year to 4 years. Playgrounds for children of senior preschool and primary school age can be divided into zones for 5-7, 8-10; 11-12 years. The territory of the site for games is calculated based on the minimum area required
2 2 2 mine is for one child: 1 - 4 years - 5 - 7 m ;5-7 years - 7-10m ;8-10 years - 10 - 12 m (according to
MGSN standards 1.02).
Requirements for safe installation of equipment are listed in Table 1.
Table 1.
| Play equipment | Requirements |
| Swing | The height from ground level to the seat of the swing at rest must be at least 350 mm and no more than 635 mm. No more than two seats are allowed in one swing frame. In a double swing, a seat for small children (cradle) and a flat seat for older children should not be used together |
| Rocking chairs | The height from the ground to the seat in equilibrium should be 550-750 mm. The maximum tilt of the seat when moving back and forth is no more than 20°. The design of the rocking chair should not allow the legs of a child sitting in it to get under the supporting parts of the rocking chair, should not have sharp corners, their radius of curvature should be at least 20 mm |
| Carousels | The minimum distance from ground level to the bottom rotating structure of the carousel must be no less than 60 mm and no more than 110 mm. The bottom surface of the turntable should be smooth. The maximum height from the bottom level of the carousel to its top point is 1 m |
| Gorki | Access to the slide is through a ladder, climbing frame or other devices. The height of the slope of a free-standing slide should not exceed 2.5 m, regardless of the type of access. The width of the open and straight slide is not less than 700 mm and not more than 950 mm. The launch pad is at least 300 mm long with a slope of up to 5°, but, as a rule, the width of the pad should be equal to the horizontal projection of the sliding section. On a free-standing slide, the height of the side railing at the launch site must be at least 0.75 m. The angle of inclination of the sliding section must not exceed 60° at any point. At the final section of the slope, the average slope should not exceed 10°. The edge of the slide slope must bend towards the ground with a radius of at least 50 mm and a bend angle of at least 100°. The distance from the edge of the slide to the ground should be no more than 100 mm. The height of the enclosing edge at the final section with a length of the sliding section of less than 1.5 m is no more than 200 mm, with a length of the sliding section of more than 1.5 m - no more than 350 mm. The slide tunnel must have a minimum height and width of 750 mm |
When placing play equipment on children's playgrounds, the minimum safety distances must be observed in accordance with Table 2.
Table 2.
| Play equipment | Minimum distances |
| Swing | At least 1.5 m to the sides from side structures and at least 2 m forward (back) from extreme points tilt swing |
| Rocking chairs | Not less than 1.0 m to the sides from the side structures and not less than 1.5 m forward from the extreme points of the rocking chair in a tilted state |
| Carousels | At least 2 m away from the side structures and at least 3 m up from the bottom rotating surface of the carousel |
| Gorki | At least 1 m from the sides and 2 m forward from the bottom edge of the slide |
Within the specified distances in areas of the site, it is not permitted to place other types of play equipment, benches, bins, side stones and hard surfaces, as well as branches, trunks, and tree roots.
There should be an information stand on the territory of the children's playground. "Rules for operating a children's playground." The stand contains information about playground equipment, the manufacturer of playground equipment, the purpose of the equipment and requirements for the safe operation of playground equipment.
To ensure safety on the children's playground, the operator develops and installs information signs or boards containing:
rules and age requirements for using the equipment;
telephone numbers of rescue services, ambulance;
telephone number(s) for reporting equipment malfunctions and breakdowns to the operation service.
Equipment malfunctions discovered during operation that reduce safety must be corrected immediately. If this is not possible, then measures are taken to ensure that the equipment cannot be used, or the equipment is displayed and removed from the playing area.
Requirements for technical condition and maintenance
Standards GOST 18322-78 (ST SEV 5151-85) and GOST R 52301-2004 stipulate the requirements for the maintenance of playground equipment.
The equipment and its elements are inspected and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions at intervals established by the manufacturer. Monitoring the technical condition of the equipment and monitoring compliance with safety requirements, maintenance and repair is carried out by the operator (owner).
The results of monitoring the technical condition of equipment and monitoring compliance with safety requirements, maintenance and repair are recorded in a log, which is kept by the operator (owner).
Monitoring the technical condition of equipment includes:
inspection and testing of equipment before commissioning;
regular visual inspection;
functional inspection;
annual basic examination.
A functional inspection is a detailed inspection in order to check the serviceability and stability of the equipment, and identify wear of the equipment’s structural elements.
Inspection is carried out once every 1 - 3 months. in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Particular attention is paid to hidden, hard-to-reach equipment elements.
An annual basic inspection for the purpose of assessing compliance of the technical condition of equipment with safety requirements is carried out at intervals of no more than once every 12 months.
During the annual basic examination, the following is determined:
the presence of rotting of wooden elements;
the presence of corrosion of metal elements;
impact of completed repair work on equipment safety.
In order to control the frequency, completeness and correctness of work performed during inspections of various types, the operator (owner) develops inspection schedules.
When drawing up the schedule, take into account:
manufacturer's instructions;
climatic conditions, which may determine the frequency and content of work performed during inspections.
If defects that affect the safety of the equipment are discovered during the inspection of equipment, the defects are immediately eliminated. If this is not possible, then measures are taken to ensure that the equipment cannot be used, or the equipment is dismantled and removed from the playing area.
After the equipment is removed, the remaining foundation in the ground is also removed or fenced off and covered over so that the area of the playground is safe.
In order to avoid accidents and injuries to children, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance of children's playgrounds, which includes measures to maintain the safety and quality of functioning of the equipment and surfaces of the children's playground.
Regular equipment maintenance activities include:
checking and tightening fasteners;
updating the painting of equipment;
maintenance of impact-absorbing coatings;
bearing lubrication;
applying markings to equipment indicating the required level of shock-absorbing coatings made of bulk materials;
ensuring cleanliness of equipment and coatings (removal broken glass, debris and pollutants);
restoration of shock-absorbing coatings from bulk materials and adjustment of their level;
maintenance of security zone space.
replacement of fasteners;
welding;
replacement of equipment parts;
Visual and functional inspections
In the process of visual and functional examinations, they determine
cleanliness and appearance playground surfaces and equipment;
maintaining distances from parts of equipment to the surface of the playground;
the presence of protruding parts of the foundations;
presence of defects/malfunctions of equipment elements;
lack of equipment parts;
excessive wear of moving parts of equipment;
structural integrity of the equipment.
Examples of malfunctions during functional inspection based on GOST R 52301-2004. 
Note:
Technical condition assessment sports equipment is defined similarly to the examples given.
List of used literature
GOST R 52167-2012 “Equipment and coatings for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for swings. General requirements".
GOST R 52168-2012 “Equipment and coatings for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for slides. General requirements".
GOST R 52169-2003 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.
GOST R 52299-2004 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.
GOST R 52300-2004 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.
GOST R 52301-2004 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.
GOST R EN 1177-2006 “Shock-absorbing coatings for children's playgrounds. Safety requirements and test methods."
GOST R 53102-2008 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.
GOST 1177-2006 Impact-absorbing playground coatings.
GOST 18322-78 (ST SEV 5151-85) "System for technical maintenance and repair of equipment. Terms and definitions" (approved by Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated November 15, 1978 N 2986)
Law of the Chuvash Republic of July 23, 2003 No. 22 “On administrative offenses in the Chuvash Republic”
Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 N 170 “On approval of the Rules and Standards for the technical operation of the housing stock”
Methodological recommendations for the development of norms and rules for landscaping municipalities Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2011 N 613
Decision of the Cheboksary City Assembly of Deputies of the Chuvash Republic dated June 14, 2012 N 625 "On local standards for urban planning" Urban planning. Planning and development of the Cheboksary urban district"
