Mariinsky Theater history. Mariinsky Theater. History of the name. Return of the historical name

It is not for nothing that St. Petersburg is called the cultural capital of our country. This is a city of monuments and museums, a city of exhibitions and concerts. It is also a city of theaters, of which there are more than a hundred! Did you know that St. Petersburg once had its own Bolshoi Theater? Now it is known under the name of Mariinsky. History famous theater opera and ballet will tell todayAmateur. media.

The year of birth of the Mariinsky Theater is considered to be 1783. But this year, rather, the father of the Mariinsky was created. It was then that Catherine the Great issued a Decree on the creation of a theater committee “to manage spectacles and music.” On October 5 of that same year, the Bolshoi Stone Theater was opened on Carousel Square. Residents soon began to call the square the theater square, which is how it came down to us.

The year of birth of the Mariinsky Theater is considered to be 1783

The St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater was built according to the design of the architect Rinaldi. It was huge and majestic, equipped with last word modern technology. Preference was, of course, given to the French or Italian repertoire, and besides, the Russian troupe often gave up the stage to foreign ones. The first opera staged at the Bolshoi Theater was “The Lunar World” by Giovanni Paisiello. But the theater was not limited to opera: dramas and vocal and instrumental concerts were staged.

IN early XIX V. The Bolshoi Theater became part cultural life St. Petersburg

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Bolshoi Theater became not only one of the symbols of the city along with the Admiralty and Peter and Paul Fortress, but also an important part of the cultural life of St. Petersburg. At that time, the theater was rebuilt under the leadership of the architect Thomas de Thomon and acquired a ceremonial appearance. But in 1811 there was a fire in the theater, and all the interior decoration was destroyed, and the façade of the building was also damaged. Seven years later it was restored, then the theater experienced another important reconstruction, carried out in 1836 by Alberto Cavos. It is interesting that at this time the opera of the father of the architect Kavos “Ivan Susanin” was very popular on the stage of the theater. This was, of course, even before Glinka created the opera with the same name.

The rebuilt theater opened in 1836 with the production of the same opera “A Life for the Tsar” by Glinka. And exactly 6 years later, “Ruslan and Lyudmila” by the same composer was staged for the first time on the same stage. Of course, the Bolshoi Theater became truly famous. True, the theater troupe was gradually transferred to the Alexandrinsky and the nearby Circus Theater.

The building of the modern Mariinsky Theater was erected on the site of the Circus Theater

The fact is that in 1846 a ban was introduced on the production of operas by Russian composers, and the Russian troupe was replaced by an Italian one. After 4 years, the ban was lifted, but the situation hardly improved: the Russian troupe did not have its own building, and the artists gave performances in the small wooden building of the Circus Theater.

In 1859, the Circus Theater burned down, and it was in its place that the building of the modern Mariinsky Theater was erected. The same Alberto Cavos supervised the construction. The theater was named in honor of the wife of Tsar Alexander II, Maria Alexandrovna. You probably already guessed that we celebrated the opening of the new theater by staging the opera “A Life for the Tsar.”

The second half of the 19th century was the heyday of the theater. On his stage they staged the following famous works like “Boris Godunov” by Mussorgsky, “The Maid of Orleans”, “The Enchantress”, “ Queen of Spades"by Tchaikovsky, "The Pskov Woman", "The May Daughter" and "The Snow Maiden" by Rimsky-Korsakov, "Prince Igor" by Borodin, "The Demon" by Rubinstein. At the very beginning of the 20th century, the Mariinsky Theater’s repertoire included Wagner’s famous theatrical works “The Ring of the Nibelung”, “Electra” by Richard Strauss, and “Khovanshchina” by Mussorgsky. All these names and titles are known even to those who are far from opera.

Ballet did not lag behind opera. Not only classics ("Corsair", "Giselle" and "Esmeralda") were staged on stage, but also "La Bayadère", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker" and " Swan Lake" The famous choreography of Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake" owes creative union choreographers Ivanov and Petipa.

In 1885, almost all performances from the stage of the closing Bolshoi Theater were transferred to the Mariinsky stage. The St. Petersburg Conservatory was erected on the site of the Bolshoi Kamenny Theater. In 1917 the theater was declared State, and in 1935 it was renamed in honor of S. Kirov. But the troupe did not sit idle, at this time new famous operas appeared (“The Love for Three Oranges” by Prokofiev, “Salome” and “Der Rosenkavalier” by Strauss) and ballets (“The Flames of Paris” and “The Fountain of Bakhchisarai” by Asafiev, “Romeo and Juliet by Prokofiev).

During the Great Patriotic War Mariinsky Theater evacuated to Perm

During the Great Patriotic War, the theater was evacuated to Perm, where it continued its activities. In 1944, the Mariinsky came to Leningrad and celebrated his return with guess what? Right! “Ivan Susanin” by Glinka. That's how it happened at the theater. In the 60s, famous dancers Nureyev and Baryshnikov performed on the theater stage. In 1988, Valery Gergiev took over the leadership of the theater, who still holds this post. The Mariinsky Theater actively collaborates with famous foreign theaters opera and ballet, in particular with La Scala, Covent Garden, the Metropolitan Opera and the Opéra de Bastille.

Theaters occupied an important stage in the history of the formation of Russian culture and traditions. Among the significant and outstanding theaters, the Mariinsky Theater has become a unique historical and architectural landmark of the country. Art connoisseurs have always ranked him among the best. Many historians, architects, and ordinary citizens are interested in the history of the creation of the Mariinsky Theater.

It is eventful and deserves attention. The date of foundation and the beginning of the existence of the Mariinsky Theater is considered to be 1783, when, on the direct orders of Catherine, it was decided to open the Bolshoi Kamenny Theater on Theater Square, at that time it was called Carousel Square.

In the mid-nineteenth century in 1859, the Circus Theater, built immediately opposite the famous Bolshoi Theater, was, unfortunately, completely destroyed, caused by a severe fire. Instead of the burnt building, a new building was erected - the building of the now famous Mariinsky Theater. It didn’t get its name by chance; it was customary to call it Mariinsky. It was not without reason that this name was given to it - in honor of Empress Maria Alexandrovna (wife of Alexander II).

In this theater, the first theatrical season opened a little later, only in 1860. A little later, it was decided to rebuild it, and the entire repertoire was transferred to the stage of the Mariinsky Theater.

Each era in history has left its historical imprint. During the revolutionary period, the theater changed its name to the State Theater, and starting in 1920 it was renamed the State Theater academic theater opera and ballet. But this did not end the renaming of the theater - in the mid-thirties (1935) it was named after the famous revolutionary Sergei Kirov.

Modern Mariinsky Theater

On at the moment it includes three operating sites:

— the main site is the theater building itself on Teatralnaya;
— the second stage was opened in 2013;
- third scene - Concert hall, open on the street. Decembrists.

Over the years of its existence, a huge number of unique works have been staged on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater. You could buy tickets to the ballet “The Nutcracker”, enjoy the magnificent production of “Sleeping Beauty”, “Peter Grimes”, etc.

In total, over the years of the twentieth century, over thirty operas and 29 ballets were staged on its stage. This is very high rate. Found your inspiration here best composers And artistic directors countries. Today, a huge number of professional actors work here - real aces of theatrical art.

It should be noted that the Great Patriotic War left a huge unpleasant imprint on the history of the theater itself. In addition to material damage, the theater team lost about three hundred artists who, unfortunately, died at the front.

To see a unique game talented actors Many guests from other countries came to the country. Every year the theater received many people who wanted to attend the famous Mariinsky productions.

Many artists participating in popular and well-known productions even today were awarded special thanks and awards.

Let's hope that buildings such as the Mariinsky Theater are no longer threatened dramatic changes. Due to little funding from the state, actors have to get involved in the development of the repertoire. Every year we can observe that the efforts of our ancestors were not in vain - the stage of the Mariinsky Theater gave quite large number outstanding actors and opera performers.

Mariinsky Theater (St. Petersburg, Russia) - repertoire, ticket prices, address, phone numbers, official website.

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The Mariinsky Theater is one of the largest musical theaters Russia, who played a leading role in the development of Russian choreographic and operatic art. The theater orchestra under the direction of V. A. Gergiev is among the best symphony groups in the world, while the opera and ballet troupes are rightfully considered the strongest among domestic and foreign groups. The theater's repertoire, along with classical productions, includes cutting-edge performances by progressive choreographers and world premieres by contemporary composers.

Story

The history of the Mariinsky Theater dates back to 1783, when, by decree of Catherine the Great, the Bolshoi (Stone) Theater was opened on the square, which later became known as Teatralnaya. In its place is now the St. Petersburg Conservatory. The stage in the theater was equipped with the latest technology, and the building itself, designed by Antonio Rinaldi, was striking in its size and architecture. The Russian troupe performed here alternately with foreign ones, dramatic performances were staged, and concerts were organized. Over time, the performances of the Russian opera troupe were transferred to the stage of the Alexandrinsky Theater and the so-called Circus Theater, located opposite the Bolshoi.

When the Circus Theater burned down in 1859, the current Mariinsky Theater was built in its place, named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna, wife of Alexander II. An opera and later a ballet troupe moved here. October 2, 1860 took place grand opening theater production of “A Life for the Tsar” by Glinka. In the 19th century, the building was reconstructed twice; the acoustics of the hall and stage were improved.

During the siege of Leningrad, more than twenty shells hit the theater building, but by the end of the war it had already been restored. Throughout almost everything Soviet period the theater was called Kirovsky, under this name it is still remembered abroad. In 1992, the theater was returned to its historical name, and now it is the Mariinsky State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater. In 2006, the theater received the Concert Hall on Dekabristov Street at its disposal.

Theater repertoire and festivals

The repertoire of the Mariinsky Theater today includes classical works opera and ballet - “The Nutcracker”, “La Sylphide”, “Giselle”, “Don Quixote”, “La Bayadère”, “Sleeping Beauty”, “Prince Igor”, “Aida”, and concert programs symphonic music. Every year they appear on the theater stage premiere performances, some of them are born as a result of collaboration with the largest stages in the world: Covent Garden, La Scala, La Fenice, Tel Aviv and San Francisco Operas, etc.

Mariinsky Theater. MARIINSKY THEATER (named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna), opera and ballet theater in St. Petersburg. Opened in 1860 with the production of the opera “A Life for the Tsar” by M.I. Glinka in the building of the Circus Theater on Theater Square, rebuilt in 1859... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

MARIINSKY THEATER- opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as the Stone (Bolshoi) Theater, from 1860 to modern building(architect A.K. Kavos), then received modern name; in 1919 1991 State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, since 1935. S. M. Kirov, since 1992... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

MARIINSKY THEATER- (named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna), Opera and Ballet Theater in St. Petersburg. Opened in 1860 with the production of the opera Life for the Tsar by M.I. Glinka in the building of the Circus Theater on Teatralnaya Square, rebuilt in 1859 (reconstructed in 1968 1970). One... ...Russian history

Mariinsky Theater- (see Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov). Saint Petersburg. Petrograd. Leningrad: Encyclopedic reference book. M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. Ed. board: Belova L.N., Buldakov G.N., Degtyarev A.Ya. et al. 1992 ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

Mariinsky Theater- Mariinsky Theatre, see Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

Mariinsky Theater- opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as the Stone (Bolshoi) Theater, from 1860 in a modern building (architect A.K. Kavos), then it received its modern name; in 1919 1991 State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, since 1935 named after S. M. Kirov ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Mariinsky Theater Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Mariinsky Theater- in St. Petersburg. open Oct 2 1860 revival of the opera Life for the Tsar. Rebuilt by architect A.K. Kavos from the circus theater that burned down in 1859. IN lately(1894 96) the theater was completely rebuilt. Significant works, in order to improve... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Mariinsky Theater- see Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater... Music Encyclopedia

Mariinsky Theater- MARIINSKY THEATER, see Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater... Ballet. Encyclopedia

Books

• Mariinsky Ballet: a view from Moscow, Tatyana Kuznetsova. This book is a stage portrait of the St. Petersburg troupe, seen through the eyes of a Muscovite. Here are the performances that the theater presented as hits in its seasons from 1997 to 2012:... Buy for 632 rubles
• Bolshoi Theater. Culture and politics. New history, Solomon Volkov. A living, unorthodox history of the interaction between politics and art, government and society, the Tsar and the Theater. The Bolshoi Theater is one of the most famous brands in Russia. In the West, the word Bolshoi is not…